bump version to 0.4.8

chore(gittool): 新增ruff缓存目录到排除列表
将.ruff_cache添加到EXCLUDE_DIRS列表中，避免git工具扫描该缓存目录
2026-07-06 13:19:24 +08:00 · 2026-07-06 13:11:59 +08:00 · 2026-07-06 13:11:09 +08:00 · 2026-07-06 13:04:57 +08:00 · 2026-07-06 07:53:22 +08:00 · 2026-07-05 22:25:15 +08:00
138 changed files with 16519 additions and 11938 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# 版本控制
+.git
+.gitignore
+.github
+
+# Python 缓存与构建产物
+__pycache__
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+*.pyd
+*.egg-info
+*.egg
+dist
+build
+.eggs
+
+# 测试与覆盖率
+.pytest_cache
+.coverage
+htmlcov
+.tox
+coverage.xml
+
+# 虚拟环境
+.venv
+venv
+env
+
+# 工具缓存
+.uv-cache
+.ruff_cache
+.pyrefly_cache
+.mypy_cache
+
+# IDE 与编辑器
+.idea
+.vscode
+*.swp
+*.swo
+
+# 文档（按需保留）
+docs
+
+# 系统文件
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
@@ -9,42 +9,26 @@ concurrency:
  cancel-in-progress: true

 jobs:
-  lint-and-typecheck:
-    name: Lint & Typecheck
+  ci:
+    name: Lint, Typecheck & Test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: pyflowx-ci:latest
+      env:
+        UV_LINK_MODE: copy
+        # ---- 国内源 ----
+        PIP_INDEX_URL: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
+        PIP_TRUSTED_HOST: pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
+        UV_INDEX_URL: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
+        UV_TRUSTED_HOST: pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: http://gitea:3000/zhou/checkout.git@main

-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
-        with:
-          enable-cache: true
+      - name: Sync dependencies
+        run: uv sync --frozen

-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.13'
+      - name: Ruff check
+        run: ruff check src tests

-      - run: uv sync
-      - run: uv run ruff check src tests
-      - run: uv run pyrefly check .
-
-  test:
-    name: Test (${{ matrix.os }})
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
-        with:
-          enable-cache: true
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: |
-            3.8
-            3.13
-
-      - run: uvx tox run -e py38,py313
+      - name: Tox test (py38, py313)
+        run: uvx tox run -e py38,py313
@@ -6,56 +6,53 @@ on:

 permissions:
  contents: write
-  id-token: write

 jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
-        with:
-          enable-cache: true
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.13'
-
-      - run: uv build
-
-      - id: version
-        run: echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-        with:
-          name: dist
-          path: dist/
-
-  publish-pypi:
-    needs: build
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: pypi
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          name: dist
-          path: dist
-
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
-
  release:
-    needs: [build, publish-pypi]
+    name: Build, Publish & Release
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: pyflowx-ci:latest
+      env:
+        UV_LINK_MODE: copy
+        # ---- 国内源 ----
+        PIP_INDEX_URL: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
+        PIP_TRUSTED_HOST: pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
+        UV_INDEX_URL: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
+        UV_TRUSTED_HOST: pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          name: dist
-          path: dist
+      - uses: http://gitea:3000/zhou/checkout.git@v4

-      - uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
-        with:
-          files: dist/*
-          generate_release_notes: true
+      - name: Build distributions
+        run: uv build
+      
+      - name: Publish to pypi
+        run: uv publish --token '${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}'
+      
+      - name: Create Gitea Release & Upload Assets
+        env:
+          GITEA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          TAG_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+          GITEA_URL: http://172.17.0.1:3000
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          # 1. 创建 Release
+          RELEASE_ID=$(curl -sS -X POST "$GITEA_URL/api/v1/repos/$REPO/releases" \
+            -H "Authorization: token $GITEA_TOKEN" \
+            -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+            -d "{\"tag_name\":\"$TAG_NAME\",\"name\":\"Release $TAG_NAME\",\"body\":\"Automated release from CI\",\"draft\":false,\"prerelease\":false}" \
+            | python3 -c "import sys,json;print(json.load(sys.stdin)['id'])")
+
+          echo "Created release id=$RELEASE_ID"
+
+          # 2. 上传 dist/ 下所有文件作为附件
+          for f in dist/*; do
+            echo "Uploading $f ..."
+            curl -sS -X POST "$GITEA_URL/api/v1/repos/$REPO/releases/$RELEASE_ID/assets?name=$(basename $f)" \
+              -H "Authorization: token $GITEA_TOKEN" \
+              -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \
+              --data-binary "@$f"
+          done
+
+      
@@ -10,3 +10,8 @@ wheels/
 .venv
 .coverage
 .idea
+*_profile.html
+
+# Sphinx 文档构建输出
+docs/_build/
+.trae/refs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# ReadTheDocs 配置
+# https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html
+version: 2
+
+# 构建配置
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-24.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.11"
+
+# Python 依赖与构建命令
+python:
+  install:
+    - method: pip
+      path: .
+      extra_requirements:
+        - docs
+
+# Sphinx 构建
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+  builder: html
+  fail_on_warning: false
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# PYTHON
+.coverage
+.pytest_cache/
+.ruff_cache/
+.tox/
+.venv/
+__pycache__/
+
+# NODEJS
+node_modules/
+
+# IDE
+.idea
+.trae
+.vscode
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# 文档整理与 Sphinx 文档搭建计划
+
+## Context
+
+最近完成 CLI 重构：新增 `pf` 统一入口，13 个工具迁移到 YAML 配置并删除了对应 .py 入口脚本，`run()` 的 verbose 统一应用到 spec。但文档未同步：README 仍引用旧命令（`yamlrun`、`python build.py`），模块结构表缺漏；`runner.py` 的 `_apply_verbose_to_graph` 成为死代码；项目缺少可发布的 Sphinx 文档。本次任务整理这些遗留，并搭建 ReadTheDocs 文档站。
+
+## 任务范围
+
+### 1. 清理死代码
+- 删除 `src/pyflowx/runner.py` 的 `_apply_verbose_to_graph` 函数（line 38-68），功能已移入 `executors.py` 的 `run()`。
+- 删除 `tests/test_runner.py` 中对应测试（line 610-636，`TestApplyVerboseToGraph` 类）。
+- 清理 `runner.py` 顶部 `from dataclasses import replace` 若变为未使用。
+
+### 2. 修复版本不一致
+- `src/pyflowx/__init__.py:105` 硬编码 `__version__ = "0.4.5"`，`pyproject.toml:25` 为 `0.3.5`。
+- 统一为 `0.4.5`（`__init__.py` 为准，pyproject.toml 是源但 bumpversion 工具应同时更新两者）。
+
+### 3. 更新 README.md
+- L304-308：`python build.py clean/build/test` → `pf pymake clean/build/test`。
+- L335-351、L435：`yamlrun pipeline.yaml ...` → `pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml ...`（6 处）。
+- L311：`verbose=True（默认）` 描述保留，但 CLI 示例改为 `pf`。
+- L558-574 模块结构表：补充 `cli/pf.py`（统一入口）、`cli/configs/`（YAML 工具配置）、`cli/_ops/`（工具函数）、`profiling.py`、`registry.py`。
+- 顶部增加「文档」徽章链接到 ReadTheDocs。
+
+### 4. 搭建 Sphinx 文档结构
+新建 `docs/` 目录：
+
+```
+docs/
+├── conf.py              # Sphinx 配置
+├── index.rst            # 首页与目录
+├── installation.rst     # 安装
+├── quickstart.rst       # 快速上手（从 README 提炼）
+├── guide/
+│   ├── task.rst         # TaskSpec 任务描述
+│   ├── graph.rst        # Graph DAG 构建
+│   ├── execution.rst   # 执行策略与 run()
+│   ├── yaml.rst         # YAML 任务编排
+│   └── cli.rst          # pf 统一入口与工具列表
+├── api.rst              # API 参考（automodule 自动生成）
+└── changelog.rst        # 变更日志摘要
+```
+
+**conf.py 要点**：
+- 扩展：`sphinx.ext.autodoc`、`sphinx.ext.napoleon`（支持 Google/NumPy docstring）、`sphinx.ext.viewcode`、`myst_parser`（支持 Markdown）
+- 主题：`sphinx_rtd_theme`
+- 项目版本从 `pyflowx.__version__` 动态读取
+- `autodoc_default_options`：`members: True, undoc-members: True, show-inheritance: True`
+
+**api.rst**：用 `automodule:: pyflowx` 抓取 `__all__` 的 56 个公共符号。
+
+### 5. ReadTheDocs 配置
+- 新建 `.readthedocs.yaml`：Python 3.11，`pip install -e .[docs]`，`sphinx -b html docs/ docs/_build/`。
+- `.gitignore` 增加 `docs/_build/`。
+
+### 6. pyproject.toml 补充 docs 依赖
+```toml
+docs = [
+    "sphinx>=7.0",
+    "sphinx-rtd-theme>=2.0",
+    "myst-parser>=3.0",
+]
+```
+并在 `[dependency-groups]` 的 dev 中加入 `pyflowx[docs]`。
+
+## 关键文件
+
+| 文件 | 操作 |
+|------|------|
+| `src/pyflowx/runner.py` | 删除 `_apply_verbose_to_graph` |
+| `tests/test_runner.py` | 删除 `TestApplyVerboseToGraph` |
+| `src/pyflowx/__init__.py` | 版本统一（已 0.4.5，确认） |
+| `pyproject.toml` | 版本 → 0.4.5；加 docs 依赖 |
+| `README.md` | 更新 CLI 示例与模块结构表 |
+| `docs/conf.py` | 新建 |
+| `docs/*.rst` | 新建 |
+| `.readthedocs.yaml` | 新建 |
+| `.gitignore` | 加 docs/_build/ |
+
+## 验证
+
+1. **测试与 lint**：
+   ```bash
+   uv run pytest tests/ -q
+   uv run ruff check src/ tests/ docs/conf.py
+   uv run pyrefly check src/pyflowx/runner.py
+   ```
+
+2. **Sphinx 构建本地验证**：
+   ```bash
+   uv sync --extra docs
+   uv run sphinx-build -b html docs/ docs/_build/
+   ```
+   确认无 warning，打开 `docs/_build/index.html` 检查页面。
+
+3. **pf 功能回归**：
+   ```bash
+   pf gitt c
+   pf pymake b --dry-run
+   ```
+
+4. **RTD 配置校验**：`.readthedocs.yaml` 语法正确，`docs/conf.py` 能独立构建。
+
+## 不在范围
+
+- 不统一各模块 docstring 风格（napoleon 兼容 Google/NumPy，够用）。
+- 不重构现有 CLI 工具 YAML。
+- 不新增中文文档翻译（文档用中文撰写，与项目既有风格一致）。
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# 方案C:移除 YAML,统一 @px.tool 装饰器配置
+
+## Context
+
+现状:YAML 配置(22 个文件)+ `register_fn` 函数(79 个)分裂严重。fn 模式下 YAML 沦为冗余参数表——参数要三处重复声明(`variables`/`cli.options`/`jobs.args`),表达力不足(跨平台逻辑被迫下沉 `register_fn`),失类型检查/IDE 支持,函数签名与 YAML `args:` 顺序远端耦合。**矩阵 0 个实际使用、`if:` 0 个实际使用**,YAML 的声明式 DAG 优势在 fn 工具集场景完全没发挥。
+
+目标:完全移除 YAML 支持,统一用 `@px.tool` 装饰器——函数签名驱动 CLI 生成,函数体即逻辑,DAG 编排通过装饰器参数(`needs`/`strategy`)表达。用户无感知迁移(别名/子命令/参数名全保持)。验收:全部门禁通过(ruff/pyrefly/pytest)且覆盖率 ≥95%。
+
+## 设计要点
+
+### 新模块 `src/pyflowx/tools.py`
+
+职责:`@px.tool` 装饰器 + `ToolSpec`(frozen dataclass)+ 全局注册表 + CLI 生成 + 执行入口。**不扩展 `registry.py`**(职责不同,@px.tool 直接持有函数对象)。
+
+### `@px.tool` API
+
+```python
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="m", help="合并 PDF",
+         needs=["setup"], strategy="thread",  # DAG 编排参数
+         cmd=["..."],  # 可选:有 cmd 执行命令,无 cmd 执行函数体
+         hidden=False, allow_upstream_skip=False)
+def pdf_merge(
+    inputs: list[Path],                  # positional(无默认值)→ nargs="+"
+    output: Path = Path("merged.pdf"),   # option(有默认值)→ --output
+    password: str = "",                  # --password
+    dry_run: bool = False,               # bool 默认 False → --dry-run store_true
+    level: int = 5,                      # --level type=int
+    mode: Literal["a","b"] = "a",        # --mode choices=["a","b"]
+) -> None:
+    """函数体即逻辑(无 cmd 时执行;有 cmd 时签名仅驱动 CLI)."""
+    ...
+```
+
+**装饰器关键字参数**:`subcommand`、`help`、`description`、`cmd`、`needs`、`strategy`、`cwd`、`allow_upstream_skip`、`hidden`、`env`/`retry`/`timeout`(透传 TaskSpec)。
+
+**CLI 生成规则**(inspect.signature + typing.get_type_hints):
+- 无默认值 → positional;有默认值 → `--kebab-case` 选项
+- 类型映射:`list[X]`→`nargs="+"`、`Path`→`type=Path`、`bool`默认 False→`store_true`、`Literal`→`choices`、`int`/`float`→对应 type
+- 全局选项 `--dry-run`/`--quiet`/`--strategy`/`--list` 注入每个 subparser
+
+**执行分支**:
+- 有 `cmd`:TaskSpec 用 `cmd=cmd`,函数体不执行(签名仅驱动 CLI);cwd/env 从装饰器 + CLI kwargs 合并
+- 无 `cmd`:TaskSpec 用 `fn=func`,kwargs 透传
+- 聚合任务(有 needs 无 cmd 无函数逻辑):fn=noop
+
+**needs 传递依赖**:从 `_TOOL_REGISTRY[tool_name]` BFS 收集(复用 `_collect_with_deps` 思路),每个依赖生成 TaskSpec,构建子图 → `px.run(graph, strategy)`。
+
+**动态 cmd 改 fn 模式**:`piptool i`/`gittool clean` 等原 `cmd+${VAR}` 改为函数体内 `subprocess.run([...])`,消除 `${VAR}` 列表展开,模型更纯。
+
+### pf.py 路由改造
+
+- `_TOOL_ALIASES`(57 个)保留全量,值改为 tool_name(去掉 .yaml 含义)
+- `_run_yaml` → `_run_tool`:`importlib.import_module(f"pyflowx.ops.{tool_name}")` 触发注册 → 从 `_TOOL_REGISTRY[tool_name]` 取 subcommand → `run_tool(tool, subcommand, argv)` → 退出码 0/1/130
+- `_LEGACY_TOOLS` 保留 emlmanager/profiler;**删除 yamlrun**
+- `_list_tools` 改为遍历 `_TOOL_REGISTRY` 取 description
+
+### ops 模块重组
+
+从 6 个功能模块(`files/dev/media/system/llm/bumpversion`)重组为 **22 个工具模块**:`ops/pdftool.py`、`ops/pymake.py`、`ops/envdev.py` 等,一文件一工具,文件内多个 `@px.tool` = 多 subcommand。
+
+- 跨工具复用函数(如 `add_date_prefix` 被 filedate 用)放 `ops/_common.py`
+- 未被 YAML 引用的约 20 个 `register_fn`(辅助函数如 `get_file_timestamp`/`has_files`)去掉装饰器,降级为模块级私有函数
+- `register_fn`/`get_fn`/`has_fn` 在阶段5 一并移除(YAML 配套,失去用途)
+
+## 迁移路径(6 阶段)
+
+### 阶段1:核心实现 + 单元测试
+- 新增 `src/pyflowx/tools.py`、`tests/test_tools.py`
+- 覆盖:注册/重复检测/CLI 生成(各类型)/单命令执行/cmd 分支/fn 分支/聚合/DAG/hidden/全局选项/退出码三态
+- 验证:`tools.py` 单元测试通过,覆盖率 ≥95%
+
+### 阶段2:迁移简单单命令工具
+- 工具:clr/which/taskkill/reseticoncache/screenshot/dockercmd/lscalc
+- 新增 `ops/<tool>.py`,每个用 `@px.tool` 重写;删除对应 `configs/*.yaml`
+- 改 `tests/cli/test_*.py` 的 import 路径(函数体不变,测试基本不动)
+- 验证:`pf clr`/`pf which python` 端到端 + 测试通过
+
+### 阶段3:迁移多 subcommand fn 工具
+- 工具:pdftool(14子命令)/piptool/packtool/filedate/filelevel/folderback/folderzip/sshcopyid/autofmt/bumpversion
+- pdftool:函数签名已有完整类型注解,迁移最直接
+- piptool:`i`/`up` 的 cmd 改 fn 模式(`subprocess.run`)
+- bumpversion:positional `PART` 默认 "patch" + `--no-tag` store_true
+- 验证:每工具 `pf <tool> --list` + 至少一个 subcommand 端到端
+
+### 阶段4:迁移复杂工具
+- pymake:12 cmd job + 6 聚合(ba/bump/cov/tc/p/pb)+ 4 内部 job(`hidden=True`:pyrefly_check/git_add_all/git_push/test_coverage)
+- envdev:9 job,4 处 `allow_upstream_skip`;`install_rust` 用 needs + allow_upstream_skip
+- gittool:`a`/`i`/`isub` 是 fn,`c`/`p`/`pl` 是 cmd,`clean` 是 hidden cmd
+- sglang/msdownload:跨平台 + 多参数
+- 验证:`pf pymake tc`/`pf pymake b`/`pf envdev` 端到端
+
+### 阶段5:清理 YAML
+- 删除:`yaml_loader.py`、`configs/*.yaml`(22 个)、`cli/yamlrun.py`、`tests/test_yaml_loader.py`
+- 删除:`ops/{files,dev,media,system,llm,bumpversion}.py`(被 `ops/<tool>.py` 替代后)
+- 删除:`registry.py` 的 `register_fn`/`get_fn`/`has_fn`/`FnRegistry`(YAML 配套)
+- `__init__.py`:移除 `YamlLoadError`/`build_cli_parser`/`load_yaml`/`parse_yaml_string`/`run_cli`/`run_yaml`/`Graph.from_yaml`/`register_fn`/`get_fn`/`has_fn`/`FnRegistry`;新增 `tool`/`ToolSpec`/`run_tool`
+- `graph.py`:删 `from_yaml` 类方法
+- `pyproject.toml`:删 `yamlrun` 脚本入口、`pyyaml` 运行时依赖、`types-PyYAML` dev 依赖
+- 验证:全局无 `import yaml`、无 `load_yaml`/`run_cli` 残留引用
+
+### 阶段6:补充测试,覆盖率达标
+- `tests/test_tools.py` 扩展:覆盖所有装饰器分支
+- `tests/cli/test_*.py`(16 个):改为通过 `PfApp([tool, subcommand, ...]).run()` 或 `run_tool(...)` 测试
+- 删除 `tests/test_yaml_loader.py`
+- 验证:`pf pymake cov` ≥95% branch
+
+## 关键文件
+
+**新增**:
+- `src/pyflowx/tools.py`(核心,@px.tool 装饰器)
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/<tool>.py`(22 个工具模块)
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/_common.py`(跨工具复用函数)
+- `tests/test_tools.py`
+
+**修改**:
+- `src/pyflowx/cli/pf.py`(_run_yaml → _run_tool,加载 ops/<tool>.py)
+- `src/pyflowx/__init__.py`(API 导出调整)
+- `pyproject.toml`(删 yamlrun/pyyaml)
+- `tests/cli/test_*.py`(import 路径 + 测试入口)
+
+**删除**:
+- `src/pyflowx/yaml_loader.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/*.yaml`(22 个)
+- `src/pyflowx/cli/yamlrun.py`
+- `tests/test_yaml_loader.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/{files,dev,media,system,llm,bumpversion}.py`(被替代后)
+- `src/pyflowx/registry.py`(YAML 配套)
+
+## 可复用的现有实现
+
+- `_collect_with_deps`(yaml_loader.py:287):needs 传递依赖收集,迁到 tools.py
+- `_add_global_options`(yaml_loader.py:1017):全局选项注入,思路复用
+- `CliExitCode`(runner.py:30):退出码三态,直接复用
+- `px.Graph.from_specs` + `px.run`:DAG 构建与执行,直接复用
+- `TaskSpec`(task.py):任务描述符,@px.tool 内部构建它
+
+## CLI 兼容性
+
+- 57 个 pf 别名不变
+- 子命令名不变(pdftool m/s/c/...、pymake b/ba/tc/...)
+- 参数名不变(`--output`/`--password`/...,靠 snake_case→kebab-case 转换)
+- `--dry-run`/`--quiet`/`--strategy`/`--list` 全局选项保留
+- 退出码 0/1/130 三态保留
+
+## 风险与权衡
+
+- **动态 cmd 改 fn**:失去 cmd 任务的 verbose 输出(命令打印/returncode),但模型更统一;verbose 可在 fn 内手动 print
+- **Graph.from_yaml 移除**:破坏性公共 API 变更,changelog 说明;yamlrun 用户迁移到 pf
+- **ops 重组工作量大**:22 个工具模块从 6 个功能模块拆出,跨工具函数需识别;分阶段(2-4)渐进,每阶段可独立验证
+- **register_fn 移除**:20 个未被引用的函数降级私有,被 @px.tool 间接调用的内联或放 `_common.py`
+
+## 验证
+
+每阶段结束运行:
+```bash
+uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
+uv run pyrefly check .
+uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+```
+
+端到端验证(阶段4 后):
+```bash
+pf clr                          # 单命令
+pf which python                 # 单命令 + positional
+pf pdftool m a.pdf b.pdf --output merged.pdf   # 多 subcommand + positional nargs+
+pf pymake tc                    # DAG + 聚合 + 内部 job
+pf envdev --python-mirror aliyun              # 跨平台 fn
+pf                              # 列出所有工具
+```
+
+最终:`pf pymake cov` 通过,覆盖率 ≥95%。
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# 方案C 续接执行计划
+
+## Summary
+
+承接已批准的 `.trae/documents/方案C-迁移执行计划.md`。前序会话已完成**阶段1**(tools.py 测试 + 公共 API 导出)与**阶段2 的大部分工作**(7 个新 ops 模块创建 + pf.py 双路由 + 4 个测试文件 import 更新),但因上下文中断尚未收尾。本计划从当前状态起,完成阶段2 收尾,并继续执行阶段3-6,最终完全移除 YAML 支持,覆盖率 ≥95%。
+
+## Current State Analysis
+
+### 阶段1(已完成)
+- `src/pyflowx/tools.py`:完整实现 @px.tool 装饰器、ToolSpec、_TOOL_REGISTRY、CLI 生成、依赖收集、run_tool、三态退出码
+- `tests/test_tools.py`:110 测试全通过,覆盖率 96.91%
+- `src/pyflowx/__init__.py`:已导出 `tool`/`ToolSpec`/`run_tool`/`list_tools`/`list_subcommands`(同时保留 YAML API 供过渡)
+- `pyproject.toml`:已加 `[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]` 中 `src/pyflowx/tools.py = ["PLR0911"]`
+
+### 阶段2(进行中,待收尾)
+**已完成**:
+- 7 个新 ops 模块创建完成,均使用 `@px.tool` 装饰器:
+  - `ops/clr.py`(`clear_screen_run`)
+  - `ops/which.py`(`which_run`)
+  - `ops/taskkill.py`(`taskkill_run`)
+  - `ops/reseticoncache.py`(`reset_icon_cache_run`)
+  - `ops/screenshot.py`(`take_screenshot_full`/`take_screenshot_area`,双 subcommand)
+  - `ops/dockercmd.py`(`docker_login_tencent`,subcommand="login")
+  - `ops/lscalc.py`(`run_ls_dyna`/`run_ls_dyna_mpi`/`check_ls_dyna_status`,三 subcommand)
+- `pf.py` 已改双路由:`_run_yaml` → `_run_tool_or_yaml`(@px.tool 优先,YAML 回退)
+- 4 个测试文件 import 路径已更新:`test_reseticoncache.py`、`test_screenshot.py`、`test_lscalc.py`、`test_system_run.py`
+- 旧功能模块(`ops/system.py`、`ops/media.py`、`ops/dev.py`)中的原函数仍保留(`@px.register_fn`),供未迁移的 YAML 工具使用
+
+**待完成**:
+1. **test_envdev.py 无需改动**:该文件测试 `ops/dev.py` 中的 `docker_login_tencent` 等 10 个函数,这些函数在阶段4 前仍在 `dev.py` 中(`@px.register_fn` 装饰),`dockercmd.py` 中的 `@px.tool` 版本是独立副本,两者共存无冲突
+2. **删除 7 个 YAML 配置文件**:`configs/{clr,which,taskkill,reseticoncache,screenshot,dockercmd,lscalc}.yaml`
+3. **验证**:运行 ruff/pyrefly/pytest,确认阶段2 通过
+
+### 阶段3-6(未开始)
+- 阶段3:迁移 10 个多 subcommand fn 工具(pdftool/piptool/packtool/filedate/filelevel/folderback/folderzip/sshcopyid/autofmt/bumpversion)
+- 阶段4:迁移 5 个复杂工具(pymake/envdev/gittool/sglang/msdownload)
+- 阶段5:清理 YAML 与配套代码(yaml_loader.py/registry.py/configs 目录/旧 ops 功能模块)
+- 阶段6:补充测试,覆盖率达标 95%
+
+## Proposed Changes
+
+### 阶段2 收尾:删除 YAML + 验证
+
+**删除文件**(7 个):
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/clr.yaml`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/which.yaml`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/taskkill.yaml`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/reseticoncache.yaml`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/screenshot.yaml`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/dockercmd.yaml`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/lscalc.yaml`
+
+**验证**:
+```bash
+uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
+uv run pyrefly check .
+uv run pytest tests/cli/test_{reseticoncache,screenshot,lscalc,system_run}.py -v
+uv run pytest tests/test_tools.py -v
+```
+
+端到端冒烟(可选,若环境允许):
+```bash
+pf clr
+pf which python
+pf lscalc --list
+```
+
+### 阶段3:迁移多 subcommand fn 工具(10 个)
+
+**工具清单**:`pdftool`(14 子命令)/`piptool`/`packtool`/`filedate`/`filelevel`/`folderback`/`folderzip`/`sshcopyid`/`autofmt`/`bumpversion`
+
+**新建文件**(10 个,`ops/<tool>.py`,一文件一工具):
+- `ops/pdftool.py`:14 个 `@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="...")`,函数体来自 `ops/media.py`(`pdf_merge`/`pdf_split`/`pdf_compress`/`pdf_encrypt`/`pdf_decrypt`/`pdf_extract_text`/`pdf_extract_images`/`pdf_add_watermark`/`pdf_rotate`/`pdf_crop`/`pdf_info`/`pdf_ocr`/`pdf_reorder`/`pdf_to_images`/`pdf_repair`)
+- `ops/piptool.py`:多 subcommand(`i`/`up`/`un`/`re`/`fr`/`dl`),`i`/`up` 原 cmd 模式改 fn 模式
+- `ops/packtool.py`:来自 `ops/system.py`(`pack_source`/`pack_wheel`/`pack_dependencies`/`clean_build_dir`)
+- `ops/filedate.py`/`ops/filelevel.py`/`ops/folderback.py`/`ops/folderzip.py`:来自 `ops/files.py`
+- `ops/sshcopyid.py`:来自 `ops/system.py`(`ssh_copy_id`)
+- `ops/autofmt.py`:4 subcommand(`fmt`/`lint`/`doc`/`sync`),`fmt`/`lint` 原 cmd 改 fn 模式
+- `ops/bumpversion.py`:positional `part: str = "patch"` + `no_tag: bool = False`,直接调用 `bump_project_version`
+
+**关键决策**:
+- 函数签名保持不变(测试兼容),仅装饰器 `@px.register_fn` → `@px.tool(name, subcommand=...)` 变化
+- 参数名 snake_case,CLI 自动转 kebab-case,**保持 CLI 兼容**
+- `piptool i`/`up`:原 `cmd: ["pip","install","${PKG}"]` 改为 `def i(packages: list[str]) -> None: subprocess.run(["pip","install",*packages], check=True)`
+- `autofmt fmt`/`lint`:原 `cmd: ["ruff","format","${TARGET}"]` 改为 `def fmt(target: str = ".") -> None: subprocess.run(["ruff","format",target], check=True)`
+- `bumpversion`:原 `cmd: ["pf","bumpversion","patch"]` 改为直接调用 `bump_project_version` 函数(避免递归调用 pf)
+
+**测试更新**(10 个):
+- `tests/cli/test_pdftool.py`、`test_piptool.py`、`test_packtool.py`、`test_filedate.py`、`test_filelevel.py`、`test_folderback.py`、`test_folderzip.py`、`test_sshcopyid.py`、`test_autofmt.py`、`test_bumpversion.py`
+- import 路径:`from pyflowx.ops import <tool>` 或 `from pyflowx.ops.<tool> import <func>`
+- 函数调用不变(函数体未变)
+
+**删除文件**(10 个):
+- `configs/{pdftool,piptool,packtool,filedate,filelevel,folderback,folderzip,sshcopyid,autofmt,bumpversion}.yaml`
+
+**验证**:每工具 `pf <tool> --list` + 对应 cli 测试通过
+
+### 阶段4:迁移复杂工具(5 个)
+
+**工具清单**:`pymake`/`envdev`/`gittool`/`sglang`/`msdownload`
+
+**新建文件**(5 个):
+- `ops/pymake.py`:
+  - 12 个 cmd subcommand(`b`/`bc`/`sync`/`c`/`t`/`tf`/`bumpversion`/`bumpmi`/`doc`/`lint`/`tox`):`@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="b", cmd=["uv","build"])` + 函数体 `pass` 或 docstring
+  - hidden 内部 job(`test_coverage`/`pyrefly_check`/`git_add_all`/`git_push`/`git_push_tags`/`twine_publish`/`publish_python`):`hidden=True`,`cmd=[...]`
+  - 6 个聚合(`ba`/`bump`/`cov`/`tc`/`p`/`pb`):`needs=[...]` + 函数体 `pass`
+  - `cwd: Path = Path(".")` 作为函数签名参数,CLI `--cwd` 覆盖
+- `ops/envdev.py`:9 个 fn subcommand,来自 `ops/dev.py`;`install_rust` 用 `needs=["setup_rust","download_rustup"]` + `allow_upstream_skip=True`
+- `ops/gittool.py`:`a`/`i`/`isub` 是 fn,`c`/`p`/`pl` 是 cmd,`clean` 是 `hidden=True` cmd
+- `ops/sglang.py`/`ops/msdownload.py`:跨平台 fn,来自 `ops/llm.py`,`Constants.IS_LINUX`/`IS_WINDOWS` 判断在函数体内
+
+**关键决策**:
+- pymake 的 `cwd` 参数:`TaskSpec` 的 `cwd` 由 `_build_task_spec` 从函数签名参数 `cwd: Path = Path(".")` 取,CLI `--cwd` 透传
+- pymake `bumpversion` 子命令:保持 cmd 模式 `cmd=["pf","bumpversion","patch"]`(调用外部 pf 命令)
+- envdev 跨平台逻辑保留在函数体内,仅装饰器迁移
+- gittool `c`(clean)是 hidden,被 `tc`/`p` 通过 needs 引用
+
+**测试更新**(5 个):
+- `tests/cli/test_envdev.py`:`docker_login_tencent` import 从 `pyflowx.ops.dev` 改 `pyflowx.ops.dockercmd`;其余 envdev 函数从 `pyflowx.ops.envdev` 导入
+- `tests/cli/test_gittool.py`、`test_pymake.py`(若存在)、`test_llm.py`:import 路径改 `from pyflowx.ops import <tool>`
+
+**删除文件**(5 个):
+- `configs/{pymake,envdev,gittool,sglang,msdownload}.yaml`
+
+**验证**:`pf pymake tc`、`pf envdev --python-mirror aliyun`、`pf gittool a -m "msg"` 端到端;cli 测试通过
+
+### 阶段5:清理 YAML 与配套代码
+
+**删除文件**:
+- `src/pyflowx/yaml_loader.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/cli/yamlrun.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/registry.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/`(整个目录,22 个 .yaml 已在前阶段删完,删目录本身)
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/{files,dev,media,system,llm,bumpversion}.py`(6 个功能模块,被 22 个工具模块替代)
+- `tests/test_yaml_loader.py`
+- `tests/test_registry.py`
+
+**修改文件**:
+- `src/pyflowx/__init__.py`:
+  - 删导入:`YamlLoadError`/`build_cli_parser`/`load_yaml`/`parse_yaml_string`/`run_cli`/`run_yaml`/`FnRegistry`/`get_fn`/`has_fn`/`register_fn`
+  - 删 `__all__` 对应条目
+- `src/pyflowx/graph.py`:删 `from_yaml` 类方法(若存在)
+- `src/pyflowx/cli/pf.py`:
+  - `_run_tool_or_yaml` → `_run_tool`:仅走 `importlib.import_module` + `run_tool`,删除 YAML 回退分支
+  - `_LEGACY_TOOLS` 删 `yamlrun`(保留 `emlman`/`profiler`/`pxp`)
+  - `_list_tools` 改为遍历 `_TOOL_REGISTRY` 取 description(不再读 YAML)
+  - `_tool_description` 删除(不再读 YAML)
+  - 模块 docstring 更新(去掉"YAML 配置"描述)
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/__init__.py`:从导入 6 个功能模块改为导入 22 个工具模块
+- `pyproject.toml`:
+  - `[project.scripts]` 删 `yamlrun`
+  - `[project] dependencies` 删 `pyyaml>=6.0.1`
+  - `[project.optional-dependencies] dev` 删 `types-PyYAML>=6.0.12`
+
+**全局检查**:
+```bash
+# 无残留 YAML 引用
+grep -rE "import yaml|load_yaml|run_cli|register_fn|YamlLoadError|build_cli_parser|parse_yaml_string|from_yaml|yamlrun" src/ tests/ || echo "OK"
+```
+
+### 阶段6:补充测试 + 覆盖率达标
+
+**扩展 `tests/test_tools.py`**:
+- 补齐阶段2-4 迁移中发现的边界(如 `cwd` 从 CLI 透传、`env`/`retry`/`timeout` 透传 TaskSpec、`_has_function_logic` 对 async 函数/类方法、`_unwrap_optional` 对 `X | None` 等)
+- 若 `tools.py` 覆盖率未达 95%,补齐
+
+**新增 `tests/cli/test_pf_routing.py`**:
+- 测试 `PfApp` 路由:已知别名 → `_run_tool`、legacy → `_run_legacy`、未知 → 退出码 1
+- 测试 `_list_tools` 输出格式
+
+**更新 `tests/cli/test_*.py`**:
+- 阶段2-4 已更新 import 路径,本阶段补充通过 `run_tool(...)` 或 `PfApp([tool, subcommand]).run()` 的端到端测试
+
+**覆盖率验证**:
+```bash
+uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+```
+- 目标:`pyflowx.tools` ≥95%、整体 ≥95%(branch)
+- 若 `ops/<tool>.py` 因跨平台分支未覆盖,补 mock 测试(`Constants.IS_LINUX`/`IS_WINDOWS`)
+
+**最终门禁**:
+```bash
+uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
+uv run pyrefly check .
+uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+```
+全部门禁通过,覆盖率 ≥95%。
+
+## Assumptions & Decisions
+
+1. **延续已批准计划**:本计划是 `.trae/documents/方案C-迁移执行计划.md` 的续接,不改变其架构决策,仅推进执行
+2. **test_envdev.py 阶段2 不改**:该文件测试 `ops/dev.py` 函数,dev.py 在阶段4 前仍存在,无需改动;阶段4 迁移 envdev 时再统一更新
+3. **函数体复制策略**:阶段3-4 从旧功能模块复制函数体到新工具模块,旧模块在阶段5 统一删除,避免提前破坏未迁移工具
+4. **CLI 兼容**:57 个 pf 别名不变、子命令名不变、参数名(snake_case → kebab-case)不变、全局选项保留、退出码三态保留
+5. **cmd 任务改 fn 模式**:`piptool i`/`autofmt fmt` 等原 `cmd+${VAR}` 改为函数体内 `subprocess.run`,verbose 由函数内 `print` 补偿
+6. **聚合任务判定**:`_has_function_logic` 用 ast 分析函数体(pass/.../docstring 视为无逻辑),迁移时聚合任务的函数体写 `pass`
+7. **每阶段独立验证**:每阶段结束运行 ruff + pyrefly + pytest,确保不累积错误
+8. **自动提交**:每阶段完成且门禁通过后自动 git commit + push(分支已跟踪远程),遵循中文提交信息风格
+
+## Verification Steps
+
+每阶段结束运行:
+```bash
+uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
+uv run pyrefly check .
+uv run pytest tests/ --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing -x
+```
+
+端到端验证(阶段4 后):
+```bash
+pf clr                                    # 单命令
+pf which python                           # 单命令 + positional
+pf pdftool m a.pdf b.pdf --output merged.pdf   # 多 subcommand + positional nargs+
+pf pdftool --list                         # --list 输出
+pf pymake tc                              # DAG + 聚合 + 内部 job(hidden)
+pf pymake b --cwd /tmp                    # cwd CLI 透传
+pf envdev --python-mirror aliyun          # 跨平台 fn
+pf gittool a -m "msg"                     # fn subcommand
+pf                                        # 列出所有工具(从 _TOOL_REGISTRY)
+pf unknown_tool                           # 退出码 1
+```
+
+阶段5 后全局清理验证:
+```bash
+grep -rE "import yaml|load_yaml|run_cli|register_fn|YamlLoadError|build_cli_parser|parse_yaml_string|from_yaml|yamlrun" src/ tests/ || echo "OK"
+```
+
+阶段6 最终:`pf pymake cov` 通过,覆盖率 ≥95%(branch)。
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+# 方案C 迁移执行计划
+
+## Summary
+
+承接已批准的高层设计 `.trae/documents/方案C-移除YAML-统一px-tool装饰器.md`。当前 `src/pyflowx/tools.py` 已完整实现(@px.tool 装饰器 + ToolSpec + 注册表 + CLI 生成 + 依赖收集 + run_tool 入口),其余所有代码仍处于旧 YAML 模式。本计划从当前状态起,执行 6 个阶段,完全移除 YAML 支持,统一用 `@px.tool` 装饰器,覆盖率 ≥95%。
+
+## Current State Analysis
+
+**已完成**:
+- `src/pyflowx/tools.py`(607 行):ToolSpec/`@tool`/注册表/`_add_func_args_to_parser`/`_collect_with_deps`/`_build_task_spec`/`run_tool`,完整实现三态退出码(0/1/130)
+
+**未完成(本计划覆盖)**:
+1. `tests/test_tools.py` 不存在
+2. `__init__.py` 仍导出 YAML API(`load_yaml`/`run_cli`/`YamlLoadError`/`build_cli_parser`/`parse_yaml_string`/`run_yaml`)+ `register_fn`/`get_fn`/`has_fn`/`FnRegistry`,未导出 `tool`/`ToolSpec`/`run_tool`/`list_tools`/`list_subcommands`
+3. `pf.py` 仍走 `_run_yaml` → `px.run_cli(config_path, argv)`,57 个别名指向 .yaml 文件;`_LEGACY_TOOLS` 含 `yamlrun`
+4. `ops/` 仍是 6 个功能模块(`files/dev/media/system/llm/bumpversion`),共 79 个 `@px.register_fn`;无 22 个工具模块
+5. `configs/` 仍有 22 个 .yaml 文件
+6. `tests/cli/test_*.py`(16 个)+ `tests/test_yaml_loader.py`(49KB)+ `tests/test_registry.py` 仍依赖旧结构
+7. `pyproject.toml` 仍含 `yamlrun` 脚本入口、`pyyaml` 运行时依赖、`types-PyYAML` dev 依赖
+8. `src/pyflowx/yaml_loader.py`、`src/pyflowx/cli/yamlrun.py`、`src/pyflowx/registry.py` 仍存在
+9. `graph.py` 仍含 `from_yaml` 类方法(若存在)
+
+**关键依赖关系**:
+- `register_fn` 函数被 YAML `fn:` 字段引用,迁移后改用 `@px.tool` 直接持有函数对象,不再需要 `register_fn`/`get_fn`/`has_fn`
+- 现有 `tests/cli/test_*.py` 直接调用 `media.pdf_merge(...)`/`dev._get_installed_packages()` 等函数体,迁移后函数体不变,仅 import 路径与装饰器变化
+- `tools.py` 中 `run_tool` 依赖 `px.Graph.from_specs` + `px.run`,与 YAML 无耦合,可直接使用
+
+## Proposed Changes
+
+### 阶段1:tools.py 单元测试 + 公共 API 导出
+
+**文件**:
+- 新建 `tests/test_tools.py`
+- 修改 `src/pyflowx/__init__.py`
+
+**test_tools.py 覆盖点**(对应 `tools.py` 各分支):
+1. 注册:`@tool` 装饰器注册到 `_TOOL_REGISTRY`,`list_tools`/`list_subcommands`/`get_tool`/`clear_tool_registry`
+2. 重复检测:同名同 subcommand 二次注册抛 `ValueError`
+3. CLI 生成各类型:
+   - positional(无默认值)/ option(有默认值)
+   - `list[Path]` → `nargs="+"`
+   - `Literal["a","b"]` → `choices`
+   - `int`/`float`/`Path`/`str` → `type=`
+   - `bool` 默认 False → `--flag store_true`;默认 True → `--no-flag store_false`
+   - `Optional[X]` → `_unwrap_optional`
+4. 单命令工具执行:`run_tool` 返回 0(成功)/1(失败)/130(KeyboardInterrupt)
+5. cmd 分支:`cmd=["..."]` 时构建 TaskSpec 用 cmd,函数体不执行
+6. fn 分支:无 cmd 时执行函数体,kwargs 透传
+7. 聚合任务:`_is_aggregate` 判定 pass/.../docstring,fn=`_noop`
+8. DAG:`_collect_with_deps` BFS 拓扑顺序(依赖在前)
+9. hidden:`list_subcommands(include_hidden=False)` 排除,`_build_parser` 不暴露
+10. 全局选项:`--dry-run`/`--quiet`/`--strategy`/`--list`
+11. 退出码三态:成功 0、`TaskFailedError` → 1、`PyFlowXError` → 1、`KeyboardInterrupt` → 130
+12. 未注册工具:`run_tool("unknown")` → 1,stderr 提示
+13. `_handle_list` 输出格式
+14. `_snake_to_kebab` 转换
+
+**__init__.py 改动**:
+- 新增导入:`from .tools import ToolSpec, list_subcommands, list_tools, run_tool, tool`
+- 新增 `__all__` 条目:`ToolSpec`/`list_subcommands`/`list_tools`/`run_tool`/`tool`
+- 暂时**保留** YAML/register_fn 导出(阶段5 才删),避免提前破坏
+
+**验证**:`uv run pytest tests/test_tools.py --cov=pyflowx.tools --cov-branch` 通过,`tools.py` 覆盖率 ≥95%
+
+### 阶段2:迁移简单单命令工具(7 个)
+
+**工具**:`clr`/`which`/`taskkill`/`reseticoncache`/`screenshot`/`dockercmd`/`lscalc`
+
+**新建文件**(`ops/<tool>.py`,一文件一工具):
+- `ops/clr.py`:`@px.tool("clr")` 包装 `clear_screen_run`(来自 `ops/system.py`)
+- `ops/which.py`:`@px.tool("which")` 包装 `which_run`
+- `ops/taskkill.py`:`@px.tool("taskkill")` 包装 `taskkill_run`
+- `ops/reseticoncache.py`:`@px.tool("reseticoncache")` 包装 `reset_icon_cache_run`
+- `ops/screenshot.py`:`@px.tool("screenshot")` 包装 `take_screenshot_full`/`take_screenshot_area`(两个 subcommand)
+- `ops/dockercmd.py`:`@px.tool("dockercmd")` 包装 `docker_login_tencent`
+- `ops/lscalc.py`:`@px.tool("lscalc")` 包装 `run_ls_dyna`/`run_ls_dyna_mpi`/`check_ls_dyna_status`(多 subcommand)
+
+**函数迁移策略**:
+- 从 `ops/system.py` 把对应函数体复制到新 `ops/<tool>.py`,改 `@px.register_fn` 为 `@px.tool(...)`
+- 函数签名保持不变(测试兼容),仅装饰器变化
+- 跨工具复用的常量(`LS_DYNA_COMMANDS` 等)若被多工具引用,放 `ops/_common.py`;否则就地保留
+
+**测试更新**:
+- `tests/cli/test_reseticoncache.py`、`test_screenshot.py`、`test_lscalc.py`、`test_system_run.py`:import 路径从 `from pyflowx.ops import system` 改为 `from pyflowx.ops import <tool>`
+- 函数调用不变(`system.clear_screen_run()` → `clr.clear_screen_run()` 或类似)
+
+**删除**:`configs/{clr,which,taskkill,reseticoncache,screenshot,dockercmd,lscalc}.yaml`(7 个)
+
+**验证**:`pf clr`、`pf which python`、`pf lscalc --list` 端到端可用;`uv run pytest tests/cli/test_{reseticoncache,screenshot,lscalc,system_run}.py` 通过
+
+### 阶段3:迁移多 subcommand fn 工具(10 个)
+
+**工具**:`pdftool`(14 子命令)/`piptool`/`packtool`/`filedate`/`filelevel`/`folderback`/`folderzip`/`sshcopyid`/`autofmt`/`bumpversion`
+
+**新建文件**:
+- `ops/pdftool.py`:14 个 `@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="m"/"s"/"c"/...)`,函数来自 `ops/media.py`
+- `ops/piptool.py`:多 subcommand(`i`/`up`/`un`/`re`/`fr`/`dl`),`i`/`up` 原 cmd 模式改 fn 模式(`subprocess.run` 在函数体内)
+- `ops/packtool.py`:多 subcommand,来自 `ops/system.py`(`pack_source`/`pack_wheel`/`pack_dependencies`/`clean_build_dir`)
+- `ops/filedate.py`/`filelevel.py`/`folderback.py`/`folderzip.py`:来自 `ops/files.py`
+- `ops/sshcopyid.py`:来自 `ops/system.py`(`ssh_copy_id`)
+- `ops/autofmt.py`:4 subcommand(`fmt`/`lint`/`doc`/`sync`),`fmt`/`lint` 原 cmd 改 fn 模式
+- `ops/bumpversion.py`:positional `PART` 默认 "patch" + `--no-tag store_true`,来自 `ops/bumpversion.py`
+
+**关键决策**:
+- pdftool 函数签名已有完整类型注解,迁移最直接;`pdf_merge(input_paths: list[Path], output_path: Path)` → `@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="m")` + `inputs: list[Path]`(positional nargs="+") + `output: Path = Path("merged.pdf")`
+- 参数名映射:YAML 的 `INPUTS`/`OUTPUT`/`PASSWORD` → snake_case `inputs`/`output`/`password`,CLI 自动转 kebab-case `--output`/`--password`,**保持 CLI 兼容**
+- `piptool i`/`up`:原 `cmd: ["pip", "install", "${PKG}"]` 改为 `def i(packages: list[str]) -> None: subprocess.run(["pip", "install", *packages], check=True)`
+- `autofmt fmt`/`lint`:原 `cmd: ["ruff", "format", "${TARGET}"]` 改为 `def fmt(target: str = ".") -> None: subprocess.run(["ruff", "format", target], check=True)`
+- bumpversion:positional `part: str = "patch"` + `no_tag: bool = False`(store_true),原 `cmd: ["pf", "bumpversion", "patch"]` 改为直接调用 `bump_project_version` 函数
+
+**测试更新**:
+- `tests/cli/test_pdftool.py`、`test_piptool.py`、`test_packtool.py`、`test_filedate.py`、`test_filelevel.py`、`test_folderback.py`、`test_folderzip.py`、`test_sshcopyid.py`、`test_autofmt.py`、`test_bumpversion.py`:import 路径改 `from pyflowx.ops import <tool>`
+- 函数调用不变(函数体未变)
+
+**删除**:`configs/{pdftool,piptool,packtool,filedate,filelevel,folderback,folderzip,sshcopyid,autofmt,bumpversion}.yaml`(10 个)
+
+**验证**:每工具 `pf <tool> --list` + 至少一个 subcommand 端到端;对应 cli 测试通过
+
+### 阶段4:迁移复杂工具(5 个)
+
+**工具**:`pymake`/`envdev`/`gittool`/`sglang`/`msdownload`
+
+**新建文件**:
+- `ops/pymake.py`:
+  - 12 个 cmd subcommand(`b`/`bc`/`sync`/`c`/`t`/`tf`/`bumpversion`/`bumpmi`/`doc`/`lint`/`tox`):`@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="b", cmd=["uv","build"])` + `def b(cwd: Path = Path(".")) -> None: pass`
+  - 4 个 hidden 内部 job(`test_coverage`/`pyrefly_check`/`git_add_all`/`git_push`/`git_push_tags`/`twine_publish`/`publish_python`):`hidden=True`,`cmd=[...]`
+  - 6 个聚合(`ba`/`bump`/`cov`/`tc`/`p`/`pb`):`needs=[...]` + 函数体 `pass`
+  - `cwd: Path = Path(".")` 作为函数签名参数,CLI `--cwd` 覆盖
+- `ops/envdev.py`:9 个 fn subcommand,4 处 `allow_upstream_skip=True`;`install_rust` 用 `needs=["setup_rust","download_rustup"]` + `allow_upstream_skip=True`
+- `ops/gittool.py`:`a`/`i`/`isub` 是 fn,`c`/`p`/`pl` 是 cmd,`clean` 是 `hidden=True` cmd
+- `ops/sglang.py`/`ops/msdownload.py`:跨平台 fn(来自 `ops/llm.py`),`Constants.IS_LINUX`/`IS_WINDOWS` 判断在函数体内
+
+**关键决策**:
+- pymake 的 `cwd` 参数:`TaskSpec` 的 `cwd` 由 `_build_task_spec` 从 `variables["cwd"]` 取,CLI `--cwd` 透传;装饰器级 `cwd=None`
+- pymake `bumpversion` 子命令:原 `cmd: ["pf","bumpversion","patch"]` 改为直接 `cmd=["pf","bumpversion","patch"]`(保持 cmd 模式,因调用外部 pf 命令)
+- envdev 跨平台逻辑保留在函数体内(已实现),仅装饰器迁移
+- gittool `c`(clean)是 hidden,被 `tc`/`p` 通过 needs 引用
+
+**测试更新**:
+- `tests/cli/test_envdev.py`、`test_gittool.py`、`test_llm.py`:import 路径改 `from pyflowx.ops import <tool>`
+- `test_pdftool.py` 等(若引用 gittool/pymake 的函数)同步改
+
+**删除**:`configs/{pymake,envdev,gittool,sglang,msdownload}.yaml`(5 个)
+
+**验证**:`pf pymake tc`、`pf pymake b`、`pf envdev --python-mirror aliyun`、`pf gittool a -m "msg"` 端到端;cli 测试通过
+
+### 阶段5:清理 YAML 与配套代码
+
+**删除文件**:
+- `src/pyflowx/yaml_loader.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/cli/yamlrun.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/registry.py`
+- `src/pyflowx/configs/`(整个目录,22 个 .yaml 已在前阶段删完,删目录本身)
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/{files,dev,media,system,llm,bumpversion}.py`(6 个功能模块,被 22 个工具模块替代)
+- `tests/test_yaml_loader.py`
+- `tests/test_registry.py`(若专为 register_fn 写;若含其他内容则保留并更新)
+
+**修改文件**:
+- `src/pyflowx/__init__.py`:
+  - 删导入:`YamlLoadError`/`build_cli_parser`/`load_yaml`/`parse_yaml_string`/`run_cli`/`run_yaml`/`FnRegistry`/`get_fn`/`has_fn`/`register_fn`
+  - 删 `__all__` 对应条目
+- `src/pyflowx/graph.py`:删 `from_yaml` 类方法(若存在)
+- `src/pyflowx/cli/pf.py`:
+  - `_TOOL_ALIASES` 保留 57 个别名(值已是工具名,无 .yaml 含义)
+  - `_run_yaml` → `_run_tool`:`importlib.import_module(f"pyflowx.ops.{tool_name}")` 触发 `@px.tool` 注册 → `from pyflowx.tools import run_tool; return run_tool(tool_name, argv)`
+  - `_LEGACY_TOOLS` 删 `yamlrun`(保留 `emlman`/`profiler`/`pxp`)
+  - `_list_tools` 改为遍历 `_TOOL_REGISTRY` 取 description
+  - `_tool_description` 删除(不再读 YAML)
+- `src/pyflowx/ops/__init__.py`:从导入 6 个功能模块改为导入 22 个工具模块
+- `pyproject.toml`:
+  - `[project.scripts]` 删 `yamlrun`
+  - `[project] dependencies` 删 `pyyaml>=6.0.1`
+  - `[project.optional-dependencies] dev` 删 `types-PyYAML>=6.0.12`
+- `src/pyflowx/yaml_loader.py` 内 `import pyflowx.ops.*` 触发注册的副作用:迁移后由 `pf.py` 的 `importlib.import_module` 显式触发
+
+**全局检查**:
+- `Grep` 全局 `import yaml`、`load_yaml`、`run_cli`、`run_yaml`、`register_fn`、`get_fn`、`has_fn`、`FnRegistry`、`YamlLoadError`、`build_cli_parser`、`parse_yaml_string`、`from_yaml`、`yamlrun`,确认无残留引用
+- `uv run ruff check .` + `uv run pyrefly check .` 通过
+
+### 阶段6:补充测试 + 覆盖率达标
+
+**扩展 `tests/test_tools.py`**:
+- 阶段1 已覆盖核心分支,本阶段补齐阶段2-4 迁移中发现的边界(如 `cwd` 从 CLI 透传、`env`/`retry`/`timeout` 透传 TaskSpec、`_has_function_logic` 对 async 函数/类方法、`_unwrap_optional` 对 `X | None`(3.10+) 等)
+- 阶段1 后若 `tools.py` 覆盖率未达 95%,本阶段补齐
+
+**新增 `tests/cli/test_pf_routing.py`**:
+- 测试 `PfApp` 路由:已知别名 → `_run_tool`、legacy → `_run_legacy`、未知 → 退出码 1
+- 测试 `_list_tools` 输出格式
+
+**更新 `tests/cli/test_*.py`**(16 个):
+- 阶段2-4 已更新 import 路径,本阶段补充通过 `run_tool(...)` 或 `PfApp([tool, subcommand]).run()` 的端到端测试
+- 删除 `tests/test_yaml_loader.py`、`tests/test_registry.py`(若纯 register_fn 测试)
+
+**覆盖率验证**:
+```bash
+uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+```
+- 目标:`pyflowx.tools` ≥95%、整体 ≥95%(branch)
+- 若 `ops/<tool>.py` 因跨平台分支未覆盖,补 mock 测试(`Constants.IS_LINUX`/`IS_WINDOWS`)
+
+**最终门禁**:
+```bash
+uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
+uv run pyrefly check .
+uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+```
+全部门禁通过,覆盖率 ≥95%。
+
+## Assumptions & Decisions
+
+1. **tools.py 实现不重写**:已存在的 `tools.py` 经审查实现完整,本计划仅补测试,不改实现(除非测试发现 bug)
+2. **函数体保持不变**:迁移仅改装饰器(`@px.register_fn` → `@px.tool`)与文件位置,函数体逻辑、签名、类型注解保持不变,最大化测试兼容
+3. **CLI 兼容**:57 个 pf 别名不变、子命令名不变、参数名(snake_case → kebab-case)不变、全局选项保留、退出码三态保留
+4. **cmd 任务改 fn 模式**:`piptool i`/`autofmt fmt` 等原 `cmd+${VAR}` 改为函数体内 `subprocess.run`,失去 cmd 任务的 verbose 输出,但模型更统一;verbose 由函数内 `print` 补偿
+5. **聚合任务判定**:`_has_function_logic` 用 ast 分析函数体(pass/.../docstring 视为无逻辑),迁移时聚合任务的函数体写 `pass`
+6. **ops 重组**:6 功能模块 → 22 工具模块,跨工具复用函数(如 `add_date_prefix` 被 filedate 用)放 `ops/_common.py`;未被 YAML 引用的约 20 个 `register_fn` 辅助函数(如 `get_file_timestamp`/`has_files`)去掉装饰器降级为模块级私有
+7. **register_fn 移除时机**:阶段5 统一移除,避免阶段2-4 迁移中破坏未迁移工具
+8. **pyyaml 依赖移除**:阶段5 从 `pyproject.toml` 删除,需确认无其他模块隐式依赖(全局 grep `import yaml` 验证)
+9. **测试更新策略**:阶段2-4 每阶段更新对应 cli 测试 import,阶段6 补充端到端测试;`tests/test_yaml_loader.py` 阶段5 删除
+
+## Verification Steps
+
+每阶段结束运行:
+```bash
+uv run ruff check . && uv run ruff format --check .
+uv run pyrefly check .
+uv run pytest tests/ --cov=pyflowx --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing -x
+```
+
+端到端验证(阶段4 后):
+```bash
+pf clr                                    # 单命令
+pf which python                           # 单命令 + positional
+pf pdftool m a.pdf b.pdf --output merged.pdf   # 多 subcommand + positional nargs+
+pf pdftool --list                         # --list 输出
+pf pymake tc                              # DAG + 聚合 + 内部 job(hidden)
+pf pymake b --cwd /tmp                    # cwd CLI 透传
+pf envdev --python-mirror aliyun          # 跨平台 fn
+pf gittool a -m "msg"                     # fn subcommand
+pf                                        # 列出所有工具(从 _TOOL_REGISTRY)
+pf unknown_tool                           # 退出码 1
+```
+
+阶段5 后全局清理验证:
+```bash
+# 无残留 YAML 引用
+grep -r "import yaml" src/ tests/ || echo "OK"
+grep -r "load_yaml\|run_cli\|register_fn\|YamlLoadError" src/ tests/ || echo "OK"
+```
+
+阶段6 最终:`pf pymake cov` 通过,覆盖率 ≥95%(branch)。
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+alwaysApply: true
+scene: git_message
+---
+
+在此处编写规则，自定义 AI 生成提交信息的风格。
+
+## 提交信息格式
+- 提交信息必须使用中文。
+- 提交信息必须包含变更的类型（例如 "fix"、"feat"、"refactor" 等）。
+- 提交信息必须尽简洁明了，不要超过一段落。
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Python 开发规范
+
+本规范结合 Python 最佳实践，作为编写与审查 Python 代码的统一标准。
+详细操作指南见 `.agents/skills/` 下相应技能。
+
+## 工具链（以 pyproject.toml 为准）
+
+| 工具 | 用途 | 配置要点 |
+|------|------|---------|
+| **ruff** | lint + format | `line-length=120`，`target-version="py38"` |
+| **pyrefly** | 类型检查 | `preset="strict"`，`python-version="3.8"` |
+| **pytest** | 测试 | `asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope="function"`，marker `slow` |
+| **coverage** | 覆盖率 | `branch=true`，`fail_under=95`，`concurrency=["thread"]` |
+| **pre-commit** | 提交前检查 | ruff `--fix` + trailing-whitespace + end-of-file-fixer |
+
+验证（每次修改后必做）：
+
+```bash
+uvx --from pyflowx pymake tc
+uvx --from pyflowx pymake cov
+```
+
+## 兼容性
+
+- **最低 Python 3.8**：用 `from __future__ import annotations` 延迟注解求值；
+  按版本用 `typing.List`(3.8) → 内置泛型(3.9) → `X | Y`(3.10) → `typing.override`(3.12)。
+- **版本守卫**：`if sys.version_info >= (3, X):` 引入高版本 API；低版本回退分支加 `# pragma: no cover`。
+- **零运行时依赖**：仅依赖标准库（3.8 需 `graphlib_backport`、`typing-extensions`）。
+  新增依赖须审慎，优先用标准库。
+
+## 类型注解
+
+- **公共 API 必须有完整类型注解**，包括返回类型；私有函数也应有注解。
+- 泛型用 `TypeVar`；PEP 696 `default=` 仅 3.13+ 标准库支持，3.8–3.12 用 `typing_extensions.TypeVar`。
+- `Mapping`/`Sequence` 用于只读参数，`dict`/`list` 用于可变返回。
+- `Any` 仅用于真正动态场景（如 `Context` 跨任务异构映射）；任务内部类型必须完全静态。
+- 禁用裸 `# type: ignore`；确需时加具体规则码（如 `# type: ignore[union-attr]`）。
+- **`TYPE_CHECKING` 守卫**：仅类型检查需要的导入放 `if TYPE_CHECKING:` 块内，避免循环依赖。
+- **类型收窄**：用 `assert isinstance(x, Y)` 辅助 pyrefly 推断；`cast()` 仅用于类型系统无法表达的场景。
+
+## 数据结构
+
+- **不可变优先**：配置/描述类用 `@dataclass(frozen=True)`；可变类属性标注 `RUF012` 豁免。
+- **缓存**：实例级用 `functools.cached_property`，按参数键控用 `functools.lru_cache`；
+  不可哈希参数需 try/except 回退。修改被缓存数据源后必须手动清空缓存。
+- **抽象基类**：接口用 `abc.ABC` + `@abstractmethod`（如 `StateBackend`）。
+- **枚举**：状态/标志值用 `enum.Enum`（如 `TaskStatus`），禁止裸字符串/魔术数字；枚举值用 `UPPER_SNAKE`。
+- **`__repr__`**：可变类实现 `__repr__`（含关键字段）；`frozen=True` dataclass 自动生成。
+
+## 模块与导入
+
+- **单一职责**：每模块只做一件事（`task.py` 数据结构、`executors.py` 执行、`command.py` 命令、`compose.py` 组合）。禁止跨职责边界。
+- **导入顺序**（ruff isort）：`__future__` → 标准库 → 第三方 → 本地，各组间空行。
+- **惰性导入**：仅为打破循环依赖时使用，函数体内导入并注释说明；顶层导入是默认。
+- **`__all__`**：定义 `__all__` 显式声明导出符号，位置仅次于 `__future__` 之后。
+- **禁用 star imports**：`from x import *` 污染命名空间、破坏类型检查（`__init__.py` 聚合经 `__all__` 控制为例外）。
+- **避免 `utils.py`/`helpers.py`**：按职责归入对应模块。
+
+## 函数设计
+
+- **模块级函数优于 Mixin**：共享逻辑用模块级函数，类只持有状态与薄方法。
+- **静态方法慎用**：纯函数直接放模块级。
+- **参数 ≤ 5 个**为宜；超出用 dataclass 封装参数对象。
+- **单一职责**：一个函数做一件事；过长函数考虑拆分。
+- **异常范围要窄**：只捕获预期异常（如 `(TypeError, ValueError, KeyError, AttributeError)`），
+  **禁止** `except Exception` 掩盖 bug；捕获后至少 `logger.warning` 记录。
+- **可变默认参数**：`def f(x=[])` 是经典坑；用 `None` 哨兵或 `field(default_factory=list)`。
+
+## 异常处理
+
+- **自定义异常家族**：继承公共基类（如 `PyFlowXError`），按错误场景分类。
+- **异常包装**：`raise NewError(...) from exc` 保留因果链。
+- **不要吞异常**：捕获后必须处理（记录/包装/重抛），禁止空 `except: pass`。
+- **钩子/回调异常**：第三方回调异常仅记录，不影响主流程。
+
+## 并发与线程安全
+
+- **进程全局状态**（`os.environ`/`os.chdir`）在并发场景下必须用全局锁（`threading.RLock`）序列化。
+- **条件评估不可有可变状态**：组合条件（NOT/AND/OR）不得修改共享 `_reason`，避免竞态。
+- **批量 I/O**：循环内多次写盘改为批量一次（`contextmanager` 包裹延迟落盘）。
+- **信号量限流**：`concurrency_key` + `Semaphore` 按组限流。
+
+## 测试
+
+详细操作指南见 `.agents/skills/pyflowx-testing` 技能。硬约束：
+
+- **覆盖率 ≥ 95%**（branch coverage），不得下降。
+- **公共 API 优先测试**：用公共接口（`has`/`get`），不访问私有方法；
+  故障注入等场景可临时访问私有属性，docstring 注明原因。
+- **命名**：`test_<被测对象>_<场景>`。
+- **断言**：原生 `assert x == 1`，禁用 `self.assertEqual`；`pytest.raises` 必填 `match=`。
+- **Mock 优先级**：`monkeypatch` > 内联 stub > `unittest.mock` > `pytest-mock`。
+  禁用 `@patch` 装饰器、`mock.patch.object` 上下文、`pytest-mock` 的 `mocker` fixture。
+- **fixture**：`tmp_path`/`monkeypatch`/`capsys` 优先；autouse 仅全局必需时用。
+- **slow 标记**：耗时测试加 `@pytest.mark.slow`，CI 可 `-m "not slow"` 跳过。
+- **测试代码也跑 ruff**：`tests/**` 忽略 `ARG001`/`ARG002`。
+
+## 代码风格
+
+- **行宽 120**（ruff formatter 处理）。
+- **docstring**：公共 API 必须有；中文叙述 + 中文注释是本项目既有风格。
+- **打印和日志**：使用中文打印和日志，避免使用英文。
+- **命名**：`snake_case` 函数/变量，`PascalCase` 类，`UPPER_SNAKE` 常量，`_leading_underscore` 私有。
+- **字符串引号**：ruff 默认双引号。
+- **末尾单 `\n`**、**无尾随空格**（pre-commit 强制）。
+- **不用 emoji**：除非用户明确要求。
+
+## Pythonic 风格
+
+- **`is` 比较 `None`/`True`/`False`**：单例用 `is`，值用 `==`（PEP 8 E711/E712）。
+- **EAFP 优于 LBYL**：先尝试再处理异常，而非先检查再执行（避免竞态窗口）。
+- **truthiness**：`if items:` 优于 `if len(items) > 0:`。
+- **字符串格式化**：首选 f-string；`%` 仅用于 `logging` 延迟格式化。
+- **推导式**优于 `map`+`filter`；> 2 层拆为显式循环。
+- **`enumerate`** 替代 `range(len())`；**`zip`** 并行迭代（3.10+ 用 `strict=True`）。
+- **解包** `a, b = pair` 优于索引访问；忽略值用 `_`。
+- **海象运算符 `:=`**（3.8+）：赋值+判断合一，但不滥用。
+
+## 日志
+
+- **`logging.getLogger(__name__)`**：每模块独立 logger，禁用 `print` 调试残留。
+- **结构化上下文**：`extra={...}` 传字段；`logger.warning("task %r failed: %s", name, exc)` 优于 f-string（延迟格式化）。
+- **日志级别**：`DEBUG` 诊断 / `INFO` 关键流程 / `WARNING` 可恢复异常 / `ERROR` 需人工介入。
+- **禁止日志密码/密钥**：脱敏后再记录。
+
+## 路径与资源
+
+- **优先 `pathlib.Path`**：`Path("a") / "b"` 而非 `os.path.join`（ruff `PTH` 强制）；
+  禁止字符串拼接路径。类型注解用 `Path`，边界 `str` 立即包装。
+- **`with` 语句**：文件、锁、连接、临时目录一律用 `with` 或 `contextlib.contextmanager`；
+  多资源用 `contextlib.ExitStack`。
+- **显式关闭**：长生命周期对象（连接池、线程池）实现 `close()`，但优先 `with`。
+- **批量操作**：循环内多次 acquire/release 改为批量一次。
+
+## 安全
+
+- **禁用 `eval`/`exec`**：处理不可信输入时绝不使用；用 `ast.literal_eval` 或专用解析器。
+- **`subprocess`**：禁用 `shell=True` 除非命令完全可信；优先 `list[str]` 形式。
+- **凭证不入仓**：密钥/token/密码放 `.env` 或环境变量，`.gitignore` 必须包含 `.env`。
+- **日志脱敏**：记录请求/响应时移除 `Authorization`、`password` 等字段。
+- **依赖审计**：`uv lock` 后审阅新增依赖，避免引入已知 CVE 的包。
+
+## 性能要点
+
+- **避免重复计算**：循环内查询应缓存或预构建映射（如 `{name: spec}`）。
+- **避免双重查找**：`has(k)` + `get(k)` 改为单次 `get(k)` + `KeyError` 回退。
+- **统一校验**：入口校验一次，下游路径不重复（如 `run()` 统一 `validate()`，`layers()` 不再重复）。
+- **事件 emit**：任务生命周期必须 emit `RUNNING` → `SUCCESS`/`FAILED`/`SKIPPED`，
+  不要留死分支（`# pragma: no cover` 是清理信号，应激活或删除）。
+
+## Git 与提交
+
+- **自动提交**：任务完成后自动 `git add`（按文件名）+ `git commit` + `git push`（仅当分支已跟踪远程时执行 push；新分支跳过 push 并在总结中说明）。
+- **不修改 git config**。
+- **不运行破坏性命令**（`push --force`/`reset --hard`/`clean -f`）除非用户明确要求。
+- **staging**：按文件名添加，不用 `git add -A`/`git add .`，避免误加敏感文件。
+- **commit message**：简洁，聚焦"为什么"而非"是什么"；遵循仓库既有风格。
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+---
+alwaysApply: true
+---
+
+# 自驱动开发规则
+
+本规则定义一种"目标驱动、闭环执行"的工作模式：仅在任务开始时与用户确认一次目标与边界，后续由 Agent 自主完成"计划 → 编码 → 测试 → 文档 → 验证"的迭代循环，直到用户目标达成。
+
+## 核心原则
+
+- **目标导向**：始终以用户最终目标为准绳，所有阶段产出都应服务于该目标。
+- **闭环执行**：每个子任务必须走完"计划 → 实现 → 测试 → 文档 → 验证"五步；禁止跳步留半成品。
+- **自主决策**：初始确认之后，实现路径、API 形态、重构范围、文件命名、测试组织、错误修复策略等由 Agent 自行决断，不再逐项请示。**可逆操作（编辑文件、运行测试、修复 lint、调整实现）直接执行，不询问**；只有不可逆/高风险操作才暂停。
+- **透明沟通**：每个阶段开始前用一句话说明意图；关键节点（完成、阻塞、转向）给简短更新；不复述内部思考，**不在收尾时停下询问"是否继续"或"是否提交"**——直接输出总结并结束。
+- **安全边界**：仅在高风险、不可逆操作或真正阻塞时才暂停找用户。
+
+## 初始确认（一次性，仅在最开始）
+
+任务启动时，用 `AskUserQuestion` 一次性确认以下信息（已由项目规范覆盖的不必重复确认）：
+
+1. **目标与范围**：要解决什么问题？交付物是什么？显式列出不在范围内的内容。
+2. **验收标准**：怎样算"完成"？可观测的判定条件（功能、性能、覆盖率阈值）。
+3. **特殊约束**：除 `python-standards.md` 之外的约束（兼容性、依赖限制、API 兼容策略等）。
+4. **测试要求**：覆盖率门槛（项目默认 ≥95%，branch）；是否需要新增 `slow` 标记。
+
+**git commit/push 不在确认范围内**：任务完成后自动 commit + push（仅当分支已跟踪远程时执行 push；新分支跳过 push 并在总结中说明），遵循 `.trae/rules/git-commit-message.md` 风格。仅 force-push、reset --hard、clean -f、修改 git config 等真正破坏性操作才需暂停确认。
+
+确认后，将目标与验收标准固化进 `TaskCreate` 任务列表，后续不再就同一信息反复询问。
+
+## 迭代循环
+
+下列五个阶段构成一个完整闭环。未达验收标准时，回到「计划」开启下一轮；达标准时，进入「收尾」。
+
+### 1. 计划（Plan）
+
+- 用 Explore/Glob/Grep 研究相关代码与既有模式，避免凭空设计。
+- 用 `TaskCreate` 把目标拆为可独立验证的子任务；每完成一项立即 `TaskUpdate` 为 completed。
+- 优先复用现有抽象；不为本轮假想需求设计接口。
+- 不过早抽象：三处相似才考虑提取，否则就地写。
+
+### 2. 实现（Code）
+
+- 严格遵守 `.trae/rules/python-standards.md` 与既有代码风格。
+- 优先 Edit 现有文件；新增文件需有明确职责边界。
+- 不引入运行时依赖（项目零依赖原则）；确需引入须在计划阶段说明。
+- 公共 API 必须有完整类型注解与中文 docstring。
+- 不写未被要求的功能、不为未来场景预留扩展点。
+
+### 3. 测试（Test）
+
+- 新增/修改的公共 API 必须配套测试；优先通过公共接口测试，故障注入可访问私有属性并在 docstring 注明。
+- Mock 优先级：`monkeypatch` > 内联 stub > `unittest.mock` > `pytest-mock`；禁用 `@patch` 装饰器。
+- 必跑校验（每次修改后）：
+
+  ```bash
+  uvx --from pyflowx pymake tc
+  uvx --from pyflowx pymake cov
+  ```
+
+- 测试失败时定位根因再修复，不通过放宽断言或 `# pragma: no cover` 绕过。
+- 覆盖率不得低于上一次的值（项目门槛 95%，branch）。
+
+### 4. 文档（Docs）
+
+- 同步更新 docstring、README、模块结构说明。
+- 行为变更须同步更新 `.agents/skills/pyflowx-development/SKILL.md` 中的对应章节。
+- 跨会话有价值的设计决策、约束、陷阱，追加到 memory（`project_memory.md` 或对应 `topics.md`）。
+- 不主动新建 `*.md` 文档；除非用户明确要求。
+
+### 5. 验证（Verify）
+
+- 逐条对照初始确认的「验收标准」核验；未满足则回到「计划」继续下一轮。
+- 全套门禁通过：ruff、pyrefly、pytest、coverage。
+- 给出本轮变更清单（改了哪些文件、为什么）。
+
+## 暂停条件（仅在以下情况中断自驱动找用户）
+
+1. **歧义无法自决**：需求存在多种合理解读且无既有约定可循。
+2. **高风险/不可逆操作**：删除非临时文件、`git push --force`、`reset --hard`、删表、修改 CI 配置、修改 git config、卸载依赖等。**普通 `git commit`/`push` 不属于此类**（任务完成后自动执行）。
+3. **不可恢复的失败**：根因不在本仓库、需外部环境/权限配合、或经两轮尝试仍无法定位。
+4. **超出初始确认范围**：用户目标在执行中发现需要显著扩大范围或改变方向。
+5. **用户主动询问**：用户在对话中提出新问题或要求澄清。
+
+**注意**："目标已达成"**不是**暂停条件——验收标准全部满足后直接进入收尾并结束任务，不询问"是否扩展范围"或"是否提交"。
+
+非以上情况，一律继续自驱动，不要为"求确认"而暂停。
+
+## 决策判据：该问还是自决
+
+遇到不确定时，按以下顺序判断：
+
+1. **是否不可逆/高风险？** 是 → 暂停确认（如删除文件、`push --force`、修改 CI 配置、卸载依赖）。否 → 继续。
+2. **是否在初始确认范围内？** 是 → 按确认执行，不询问。否 → 视为"超出初始确认范围"，暂停。
+3. **是否有既有约定可循？** 是 → 按约定执行（参考 `python-standards.md`、`project_memory.md`）。否 → 视为"歧义无法自决"，暂停。
+4. **是否可逆？** 是 → 直接执行，即使结果可能不完美（可在后续迭代修正）。否 → 暂停。
+
+**可直接自决（不询问）的典型情况**：
+
+- 测试失败、覆盖率不达标、lint/类型检查报错 → 定位根因并修复。
+- 代码风格选择（命名、模块划分、参数顺序）→ 自决。
+- 文件编辑、运行测试、运行校验命令 → 直接执行。
+- 任务完成后输出收尾总结 → 直接输出，不询问下一步。
+- 显式指定 `name` 参数以保持测试兼容性 → 自决。
+- 重命名局部变量以避免遮蔽 → 自决。
+
+**必须暂停询问的典型情况**：
+
+- 删除非临时文件、重命名公共模块/包。
+- `git push --force`、`reset --hard`、`clean -f`、修改 git config（普通 commit/push 自动执行，无需询问）。
+- 引入新的运行时依赖（违反项目零依赖原则）。
+- 修改 CI 配置、pre-commit 钩子、pyproject.toml 的工具链配置。
+- 卸载或降级既有依赖。
+
+## 沟通风格
+
+- 阶段切换时一句话说明即可；不要把内部推理写给用户看。
+- 完成子任务后用一两句总结改了什么、下一步做什么。
+- 遇到阻塞时直接说明：卡在哪、试了什么、需要用户做什么。
+- **不在收尾时询问"是否需要提交"或"是否扩展范围"**——直接输出总结并结束。用户后续若有新需求，由用户主动提出。
+- 不使用 emoji，除非用户明确要求。
+
+## 工具使用
+
+- 独立操作尽量并行调用（多个 Read/Grep/Glob 一批发出）。
+- 用 `TaskCreate`/`TaskUpdate` 维护进度，不批量推迟标记。
+- 长命令用后台运行（`run_in_background`），完成会自动通知。
+- 文件操作一律用专用工具：Read/Edit/Write/Glob/Grep，不用 `cat`/`sed`/`grep`/`find`。
+
+## 收尾
+
+- 验收标准全部满足后，**直接输出最终总结并结束任务**：交付物、关键决策、遗留事项。
+- **自动提交**：收尾时自动 `git add`（按文件名）+ `git commit`（遵循 `.trae/rules/git-commit-message.md` 风格）+ `git push`（仅当分支已跟踪远程时执行；新分支跳过 push 并在总结中说明）；**不询问**"是否需要提交"或"是否扩展范围"。
+- 若验收标准未全部满足，回到「计划」继续下一轮，不停下询问。
+- 将本次会话的关键产出与决策更新到 memory，便于后续会话续接。
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+---
+name: "pyflowx-testing"
+description: "PyFlowX 项目的测试编写规范与 mock 使用指南。在编写或审查测试、选择 mock 工具、设计 fixture、处理 asyncio 测试时调用。"
+---
+
+# PyFlowX 测试规范
+
+本技能是 `.trae/rules/python-standards.md` 测试章节的详细展开。
+规则文件仅保留硬约束指针，本文件提供完整操作指南。
+
+## 总则
+
+- **覆盖率 ≥ 95%**（branch coverage），不得下降。
+- **公共 API 优先测试**：测试用公共接口（`has`/`get`），不访问私有方法
+  （如 `_expired`）。兼容旧测试的私有方法应删除并迁移测试。
+  例外：`_store`/`_flush` 等内部状态在无法用公共 API 触发时（如模拟过期、
+  故障注入），可临时访问私有属性，并在 docstring 注明原因。
+- **命名**：`test_<被测对象>_<场景>`，如 `test_storage_key_cache_key_exception_returns_name`。
+- **每个测试一个断言重点**；多个断言要语义相关。
+- **slow 标记**：耗时测试加 `@pytest.mark.slow`，CI 可 `-m "not slow"` 跳过。
+- **测试代码也跑 ruff**：`tests/**` 忽略 `ARG001`/`ARG002`（未用 fixture 参数）。
+- **断言风格**：用原生 `assert` + 比较运算符（`assert x == 1`），
+  不用 `self.assertEqual`；pytest 会生成更清晰的 diff。
+
+## Mock 工具选择（强制）
+
+**优先级**：`monkeypatch` > 内联 stub > `unittest.mock` > `pytest-mock`。
+
+| 场景 | 工具 | 示例 |
+|------|------|------|
+| 替换模块属性 / 环境变量 / 工作目录 | `monkeypatch` | `monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", fake_run)` |
+| `os.environ["KEY"]` 临时设置 | `monkeypatch.setenv` | `monkeypatch.setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", "C:\\...")` |
+| 切换 cwd | `monkeypatch.chdir` | `monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)` |
+| 一次性 stub 函数 | 内联 lambda / 闭包 | `ran = []; monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda *c, **__: ran.append(c))` |
+| 复杂 spy（记录调用次数/参数/返回序列） | `unittest.mock.MagicMock` | 仅当 lambda 不足以表达时 |
+| `with patch(...)` 上下文 | **禁用**（用 monkeypatch） | monkeypatch 自动 teardown 更安全 |
+
+**禁止**：
+- 不用 `pytest-mock` 的 `mocker` fixture（项目虽在 dev 依赖声明，但实际
+  测试代码未使用；为保持风格统一，新代码继续用 `monkeypatch`）。
+- 不用 `unittest.mock.patch` 装饰器（`@patch("x.y")`），它隐藏依赖且
+  与 pytest fixture 模式不兼容；用 `monkeypatch.setattr` 替代。
+- 不用 `mock.patch.object` 作为上下文管理器，除非被测代码本身就是
+  contextmanager（此时用 `monkeypatch.setattr` 仍更简单）。
+
+## monkeypatch 使用规范
+
+- **类型注解**：fixture 参数标注 `monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch`。
+- **作用域**：monkeypatch 自动在测试结束时撤销，**禁止**手动
+  `monkeypatch.setattr(x, "y", original)` 恢复（多余且容易遗漏）。
+  例外：在单个测试内需要中途恢复时，用 `monkeypatch.undo()` 全量撤销。
+- **替换目标**：替换"被测代码看到的对象"，而非全局对象本身。
+  - 错误：`monkeypatch.setattr("os.path.exists", fake)` —— 替换全局，影响其他模块。
+  - 正确：`monkeypatch.setattr(pyflowx.command.shutil, "which", fake)` ——
+    替换被测模块引用的 `shutil.which`。
+- **属性 vs 字符串路径**：优先属性访问形式 `monkeypatch.setattr(obj, "attr", val)`
+  而非字符串路径 `monkeypatch.setattr("pkg.mod.obj.attr", val)`，
+  前者有 IDE 跳转与重构支持。
+- **记录调用**：用闭包 `ran: list[tuple] = []` + `lambda *a, **k: ran.append((a, k))`
+  替代 `MagicMock`，可读性更好且无需导入。
+
+## Stub 与 Spy 模式
+
+- **轻量 stub**：内联定义 `class MockResult: returncode = 0; stdout = ""`，
+  替代 `MagicMock(return_value=...)`，类型明确且不引入 mock 依赖。
+- **状态收集**：闭包 + list 比 `mock.call_args_list` 更易断言：
+  ```python
+  calls: list[list[str]] = []
+
+
+  def fake_run(cmd: list[str], **_: Any) -> MockResult:
+      calls.append(cmd)
+      return MockResult()
+
+
+  monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", fake_run)
+  assert calls == [["clear"]]
+  ```
+- **副作用序列**：需要按调用次数返回不同值时，用 `itertools.cycle` 或
+  手动计数器，而非 `side_effect=[...]`（mock 专有 API）。
+- **异常注入**：`def raise_oserror(*a, **k): raise OSError("...")`，
+  用 `pytest.raises(OSError)` 验证，而非 `side_effect=OSError`。
+
+## 异常断言
+
+- **`pytest.raises`**：必填 `match=` 正则（除非异常消息完全不可预测），
+  避免误捕获同类异常：
+  ```python
+  with pytest.raises(StorageError, match="cannot write"):
+      b.save("a", 1)
+  ```
+- **异常链**：验证 `__cause__` 时用 `exc_info.value.__cause__`，
+  确认 `raise X from Y` 因果链完整。
+- **禁止** `try/except + assert False`：用 `pytest.raises` 替代。
+
+## Fixture 规范
+
+- **`tmp_path`**：处理临时文件，自动清理，禁止 `tempfile.mkdtemp()` 手动管理。
+- **`monkeypatch`**：环境变量、cwd、模块属性 mock（见上）。
+- **`capsys`/`capfd`**：捕获 stdout/stderr，验证日志或命令输出。
+- **autouse fixture**：仅在全局必需时用（如 `conftest.py` 的
+  `packtool_tmp_workdir` 自动切到 tmp_path）；否则显式声明参数。
+- **fixture 命名**：`snake_case`，描述"提供什么"而非"测试什么"
+  （`sample_graph` 优于 `test_data`）。
+- **fixture 作用域**：默认 `function`；`module`/`session` 仅当构造昂贵且
+  只读时，并加注释说明无副作用。
+
+## asyncio 测试
+
+- **fixture `loop_scope="function"`**（pyproject 已配置默认值）。
+- **async 测试**：`async def test_x():`，pytest-asyncio 自动驱动。
+- **await 检查**：测试异步函数必须 `await` 结果，禁止仅验证返回 coroutine 对象。
+- **异步 mock**：用 `AsyncMock`（3.8+ 在 `unittest.mock`）或
+  `async def fake(): return value`，禁用 `MagicMock(return_value=coro)`。
+
+## 参数化
+
+- **`@pytest.mark.parametrize`**：用 `ids` 参数提供可读标识：
+  ```python
+  @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+      ("strategy", "expected_workers"),
+      [("sequential", 1), ("thread", 8), ("async", 1)],
+      ids=["seq", "thread-8", "async"],
+  )
+  ```
+- **参数命名**：参数元组用有意义名称，而非 `("a", "b")`。
+- **组合爆炸**：参数组合 > 20 时拆分测试，避免单个测试函数臃肿。
+
+## 测试组织
+
+- **文件命名**：`test_<被测模块>.py`（`test_storage.py` 对应 `storage.py`）。
+- **类分组**：仅在测试逻辑强相关时用 `class TestXxx:` 分组；默认用模块级函数。
+- **docstring**：每个测试函数一句话说明"测试什么场景"，复杂场景补充"为什么"。
+- **setup/teardown**：优先 fixture；`setup_method`/`teardown_method` 仅在
+  无法用 fixture 表达时（罕见）。
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# 使用国内镜像源拉取基础镜像
+# 备选镜像源前缀：docker.1ms.run / dockerpull.com / docker.xuanyuan.me
+FROM docker.m.daocloud.io/python:3.13-slim
+
+# 国内镜像源（清华）
+ENV PIP_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
+ENV PIP_TRUSTED_HOST=pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
+ENV UV_INDEX_URL=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
+ENV UV_TRUSTED_HOST=pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
+
+# 环境变量：非交互 + 路径配置
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+    LANG=C.UTF-8 \
+    LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 \
+    UV_LINK_MODE=copy \
+    UV_CACHE_DIR=/uv-cache \
+    UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_DIR=/uv-python \
+    UV_PROJECT_ENVIRONMENT=/opt/venv \
+    PATH="/opt/venv/bin:${PATH}"
+
+# 配置 apt 国内镜像（阿里云）并安装系统依赖
+RUN sed -i 's|deb.debian.org|mirrors.aliyun.com|g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        ca-certificates \
+        curl \
+        git \
+        jq \
+        build-essential \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# 配置 pip 国内镜像（阿里云）
+RUN mkdir -p /etc/pip \
+    && printf '[global]\nindex-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/\ntrusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com\n' \
+       > /etc/pip/pip.conf \
+    && mkdir -p /root/.config/pip \
+    && ln -sf /etc/pip/pip.conf /root/.config/pip/pip.conf
+
+# 安装 uv 并预装 Python 3.8 / 3.13
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir uv -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ \
+    && uv python install 3.8 3.13
+
+# 安装 Node.js 20.x（actions/checkout 需要）
+RUN curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash - && \
+    apt-get install -y nodejs && \
+    node --version
+
+# 预装项目 dev 依赖（仅复制依赖描述文件，利用 Docker 层缓存）
+WORKDIR /workspace
+COPY pyproject.toml tox.ini README.md ./
+COPY src/ ./src/
+
+# 同步依赖到 /opt/venv（CI 时直接复用）
+RUN uv sync --frozen --no-install-project 2>/dev/null || uv sync --no-install-project
+
+# 预装 tox 环境（py38 + py313）
+RUN uvx tox run -e py38,py313 --notest 2>/dev/null || true
+
+# 持久化 uv 缓存目录（CI 可挂载到宿主机加速）
+VOLUME ["/uv-cache"]
+
+# 默认入口
+CMD ["/bin/bash"]
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 [![CI](https://github.com/gookeryoung/pyflowx/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/gookeryoung/pyflowx/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pyflowx.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/pyflowx/)
 [![Python](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pyflowx.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/pyflowx/)
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/pyflowx/badge/?version=latest)](https://pyflowx.readthedocs.io/zh/latest/)
 [![Coverage](https://img.shields.io/badge/coverage-100%25-brightgreen.svg)](https://github.com/gookeryoung/pyflowx)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/pyflowx.svg)](https://github.com/gookeryoung/pyflowx/blob/main/LICENSE)

@@ -14,18 +15,26 @@ PyFlowX 把"任务依赖"这件事做到极致简单：**参数名就是依赖
 ## 特性

 - **零样板** —— 参数名即依赖，框架自动注入上游结果
- **三种执行策略** —— `sequential`（调试）/ `thread`（I/O 密集同步）/ `async`（I/O 密集异步）
+- **四种执行策略** —— `sequential`（调试）/ `thread`（I/O 密集同步）/ `async`（I/O 密集异步）/ `dependency`（依赖驱动，最大化并行）
 - **类型安全** —— `TaskSpec[T]` 把返回类型一路传到 `RunReport`，mypy strict 通过
 - **DAG 校验** —— 构建时即时校验重名、缺失依赖、环
 - **自动分层** —— Kahn 算法分组，同层任务可并行
- **重试与超时** —— 每个任务独立配置 `retries` 与 `timeout`
- **断点续跑** —— `MemoryBackend` / `JSONBackend`，成功结果可缓存复用
+- **重试与超时** —— 每个任务独立配置 `RetryPolicy`（max_attempts/delay/backoff/jitter/retry_on）与 `timeout`
+- **软依赖** —— `soft_depends_on` 仅用于上下文注入，不参与拓扑分层
+- **并发限制** —— `concurrency_key` + `concurrency_limits` 按组限流
+- **任务钩子** —— `TaskHooks`（pre_run/post_run/on_failure）生命周期回调
+- **断点续跑** —— `MemoryBackend` / `JSONBackend`，成功结果可缓存复用；`batch()` 批量落盘
+- **缓存键** —— `cache_key` 函数基于输入计算稳定键，使不同输入产生独立缓存
 - **命令任务** —— `cmd` 参数直接执行外部命令，支持列表/shell/可调用对象
 - **条件执行** —— `conditions` 参数按平台、环境变量、应用安装等条件跳过任务
+- **图组合** —— `compose` / `GraphComposer` 编程式展开多图字符串引用
+- **任务模板** —— `task_template` 工厂批量生成相似 TaskSpec
+- **图级默认值** —— `GraphDefaults` 统一配置 retry/timeout/concurrency 等
 - **CLI 运行器** —— `CliRunner` 把多个图映射为命令行子命令，替代 Makefile
- **可观测** —— `on_event` 回调、`dry_run` 预览、`verbose` 生命周期日志、Mermaid 可视化
- **零运行时依赖** —— 仅依赖标准库（3.8 需 `graphlib_backport`）
- **95% 测试覆盖** —— 分支覆盖率>= 95%
+- **可观测** —— `on_event` 回调（RUNNING/SUCCESS/FAILED/SKIPPED）、`dry_run` 预览、`verbose` 生命周期日志、Mermaid 可视化
+- **YAML 任务编排** —— GitHub Actions 风格的声明式任务图，支持 `jobs`/`needs`/`strategy.matrix`/`if` 等 CI/CD 概念，从 YAML 文件直接加载执行
+- **最小依赖** —— 仅依赖标准库 + PyYAML（3.8 需 `graphlib_backport`、`typing-extensions`）
+- **97% 测试覆盖** —— 分支覆盖率 >= 95%

 ## 安装

@@ -67,23 +76,31 @@ print(report["double"])  # [2, 4, 6]

 ### TaskSpec —— 任务描述

-`TaskSpec` 是不可变的任务描述符，是唯一需要配置的东西：
+`TaskSpec` 是不可变的任务描述符（`Generic[T]`，返回类型一路传到 `RunReport`），是唯一需要配置的东西：

 ```python
 px.TaskSpec(
    name="fetch_user",  # 唯一标识
    fn=fetch_user,  # 同步或异步函数
    cmd=["curl", "..."],  # 或: 执行命令（覆盖 fn）
-    depends_on=("auth",),  # 依赖的任务名
+    depends_on=("auth",),  # 硬依赖（参与拓扑分层）
+    soft_depends_on=("cache",),  # 软依赖（仅注入，不参与分层）
    args=(uid,),  # 静态位置参数（追加在注入参数后）
    kwargs={"timeout": 30},  # 静态关键字参数
-    retries=3,  # 失败重试次数（0 = 仅一次）
+    retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=3, delay=1.0, backoff=2.0),  # 重试策略
    timeout=30.0,  # 超时秒数（None = 不限制）
    tags=("api", "user"),  # 自由标签，用于子图过滤
    conditions=(is_prod,),  # 条件函数列表（全部为 True 才执行）
+    priority=10,  # 同层内优先级（高优先执行，默认 0）
+    concurrency_key="db",  # 并发分组键（配合 concurrency_limits 限流）
+    cache_key=lambda ctx: str(ctx.get("uid")),  # 缓存键函数（不同输入独立缓存）
+    hooks=px.TaskHooks(pre_run=..., post_run=..., on_failure=...),  # 生命周期钩子
    cwd=Path("/tmp"),  # 命令工作目录（仅 cmd 模式）
+    env={"DEBUG": "1"},  # 环境变量覆盖（fn 与 cmd 模式均生效）
    verbose=True,  # 打印命令输出（仅 cmd 模式）
    skip_if_missing=True,  # 命令不存在时自动跳过（仅 list[str] cmd）
+    allow_upstream_skip=False,  # 上游 SKIPPED/FAILED 时是否仍执行
+    continue_on_error=False,  # 本任务失败是否不中断整体
 )
 ```

@@ -97,18 +114,54 @@ px.TaskSpec(
 ### Graph —— DAG 构建

 ```python
-graph = px.Graph.from_specs([...])  # 整批校验（推荐）
+# 图级默认值：TaskSpec 字段为 None 时回退
+defaults = px.GraphDefaults(retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=2), timeout=60.0)
+
+graph = px.Graph.from_specs([...], defaults=defaults)  # 整批校验（推荐）
 # 或增量构建
-graph = px.Graph()
+graph = px.Graph(defaults=defaults)
 graph.add(px.TaskSpec("a", fn_a))
 graph.add(px.TaskSpec("b", fn_b, ("a",)))

 graph.validate()  # 显式校验（环检测）
-graph.layers()  # 拓扑分层
+graph.layers()  # 拓扑分层（run() 入口已统一校验，直接调用需自行先 validate）
 graph.to_mermaid()  # Mermaid 可视化
 graph.describe()  # 人类可读摘要
 graph.subgraph(("api",))  # 按标签切片
 graph.subgraph_by_names(("a", "b"))  # 按名称切片
+graph.map("fetch", [1, 2, 3], lambda i: TaskSpec(f"fetch_{i}", ...))  # 批量 fan-out
+```
+
+### 图组合 —— compose
+
+`compose` / `GraphComposer` 把带字符串引用的多个图展开为纯 `Graph`：
+
+```python
+graphs = {
+    "build": px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("b", cmd=["echo", "b"])]),
+    "all": px.Graph.from_specs(["build", px.TaskSpec("t", cmd=["echo", "t"])]),
+}
+resolved = px.compose(graphs)  # "all" 图中的 "build" 引用被展开
+```
+
+引用格式：`"command_name"`（整个图）或 `"command_name.task_name"`（特定任务）。
+`CliRunner` 内部自动调用 `compose`。
+
+### 任务模板 —— task_template
+
+`task_template` 工厂批量生成相似 TaskSpec：
+
+```python
+fetch = px.task_template(
+    fn=fetch_url,
+    retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=5),
+    timeout=30.0,
+    tags=("api",),
+)
+graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
+    fetch("users", url="https://api.example.com/users"),
+    fetch("posts", url="https://api.example.com/posts"),
+])
 ```

 ### run —— 执行
@@ -116,12 +169,14 @@ graph.subgraph_by_names(("a", "b"))  # 按名称切片
 ```python
 report = px.run(
    graph,
-    strategy="async",  # sequential | thread | async
+    strategy="async",  # sequential | thread | async | dependency
    max_workers=8,  # thread 策略的线程池大小
+    concurrency_limits={"db": 2},  # 按 concurrency_key 限流
    dry_run=False,  # True = 仅打印计划
    verbose=False,  # True = 打印任务生命周期日志
-    on_event=callback,  # 状态转换回调
+    on_event=callback,  # 状态转换回调（RUNNING/SUCCESS/FAILED/SKIPPED）
    state=px.JSONBackend("state.json"),  # 断点续跑后端
+    continue_on_error=False,  # True = 单任务失败不中断整体
 )
 ```

@@ -141,7 +196,7 @@ report.describe()  # 人类可读报告
 按顺序求值：

 1. **标注为 `Context`** 的参数 → 接收完整上游结果映射
-2. **名称匹配依赖** 的参数 → 接收该依赖的结果
+2. **名称匹配依赖** 的参数 → 接收该依赖的结果（含软依赖，缺失时注入默认值）
 3. **`**kwargs`** 参数 → 接收所有依赖结果（dict）
 4. **`TaskSpec.args` / `kwargs`** → 为非依赖参数提供静态值

@@ -170,8 +225,11 @@ def fetch_user(uid: int) -> dict:  # uid 来自 TaskSpec.args
 | `sequential` | 串行 | 调试、CPU 密集 | 直接调用 | 事件循环 |
 | `thread` | 线程池 | I/O 密集同步 | 线程池 | 不支持 |
 | `async` | 事件循环 | I/O 密集异步 | 卸载到线程池 | 事件循环 |
+| `dependency` | 依赖驱动 | 最大化并行度 | 卸载到线程池 | 事件循环 |

-所有策略都遵循 `retries`、`timeout`、上下文注入、状态后端，并发出 `TaskEvent`。
+所有策略都遵循 `RetryPolicy`、`timeout`、上下文注入、状态后端、`concurrency_limits`，
+并发出 `TaskEvent`（RUNNING/SUCCESS/FAILED/SKIPPED）。`dependency` 策略无层屏障：
+任务在其所有硬依赖完成后立即启动。

 ## 命令任务

@@ -244,43 +302,148 @@ runner.run_cli()  # 解析 sys.argv 并执行
 命令行用法：

 ```bash
-python build.py clean           # 执行 clean 图
-python build.py build --strategy thread   # 覆盖执行策略
-python build.py test --dry-run  # 仅打印执行计划
-python build.py --list          # 列出所有命令
-python build.py --quiet         # 静默模式
+pf pymake clean           # 执行 clean 图
+pf pymake build --strategy thread   # 覆盖执行策略
+pf pymake test --dry-run  # 仅打印执行计划
+pf pymake --list          # 列出所有命令
+pf pymake --quiet         # 静默模式
 ```

 `verbose=True`（默认）时打印任务生命周期（开始/成功/失败/跳过）与命令输出；`--quiet` 关闭。

-## 示例
+## YAML 任务编排

-仓库 `examples/` 目录包含完整示例：
+PyFlowX 支持 GitHub Actions 风格的声明式 YAML 任务编排，从 YAML 文件直接加载任务图。

- [`etl_pipeline.py`](examples/etl_pipeline.py) —— ETL 流水线（sequential）
- [`parallel_run.py`](examples/parallel_run.py) —— 并行执行对比（thread vs sequential）
- [`async_aggregation.py`](examples/async_aggregation.py) —— 异步聚合 + Context 注入
+### 编程式 API

-运行：
+```python
+import pyflowx as px
+
+# 从 YAML 文件加载任务图
+graph = px.Graph.from_yaml("pipeline.yaml")
+report = px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
+
+# 或用函数式 API
+graph = px.load_yaml("pipeline.yaml")
+graph = px.parse_yaml_string("""
+jobs:
+  hello:
+    cmd: ["echo", "hello"]
+""")
+```
+
+### CLI 入口
+
+通过 `pf` 统一入口调用（详见 [pf 工具](#cli-工具) 章节）：

 ```bash
-python examples/etl_pipeline.py
-python examples/parallel_run.py
-python examples/async_aggregation.py
+# 执行 YAML 任务图
+pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml
+
+# 指定执行策略
+pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml --strategy thread
+
+# 仅打印任务分层，不执行
+pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml --dry-run
+
+# 列出所有任务名
+pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml --list
+
+# 静默模式
+pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml --quiet
 ```

+### YAML Schema（GitHub Actions 风格）
+
+```yaml
+strategy: thread              # 图级默认策略
+defaults:                     # 图级默认值
+  retry: {max_attempts: 3}
+  verbose: true
+  env: {CI: "true"}
+
+jobs:
+  setup:
+    cmd: ["git", "clone", "..."]
+    runs-on: linux
+
+  build:
+    needs: [setup]            # 依赖列表
+    cmd: ["python", "-m", "build"]
+    timeout: 300
+    retry: {max_attempts: 2, delay: 1.0}
+
+  test:
+    needs: [build]
+    cmd: ["python${{ matrix.version }}", "-m", "pytest"]  # 矩阵占位符
+    strategy:
+      matrix:                  # 笛卡尔积展开为 6 个任务
+        version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        os: ["linux", "macos"]
+    if: "env.CI"               # 条件: 环境变量存在
+
+  lint:
+    needs: [build]
+    cmd: ["ruff", "check"]
+    if: "env.CI == 'true'"     # 条件: 环境变量等于
+
+  deploy:
+    needs: [test, lint]        # 矩阵依赖自动展开
+    cmd: ["twine", "upload"]
+    if: "env.DEPLOY_TOKEN != ''"
+    allow-upstream-skip: true
+    concurrency-key: deploy_lock
+```
+
+### 字段映射
+
+| YAML 字段 | TaskSpec 字段 | 说明 |
+|-----------|---------------|------|
+| `jobs.<id>` | `name` | job ID 作为任务名 |
+| `cmd` / `run` | `cmd` | `cmd` 为列表形式，`run` 为 shell 字符串 |
+| `needs` | `depends_on` | 依赖列表（矩阵任务自动展开） |
+| `if` | `conditions` | `success()` / `always()` / `env.VAR` / `env.VAR == 'x'` |
+| `strategy.matrix` | 矩阵扇出 | 笛卡尔积展开为多个任务 |
+| `${{ matrix.key }}` | 占位符 | 在 cmd/run/cwd/env 中替换 |
+| `timeout` | `timeout` | 超时秒数 |
+| `retry` | `retry` | `{max_attempts, delay, backoff, jitter}` |
+| `cwd` | `cwd` | 工作目录 |
+| `env` | `env` | 环境变量 |
+| `verbose` | `verbose` | 详细输出 |
+| `continue-on-error` | `continue_on_error` | 失败不中止整图 |
+| `skip-if-missing` | `skip_if_missing` | 命令不存在时跳过 |
+| `allow-upstream-skip` | `allow_upstream_skip` | 上游跳过时仍执行 |
+| `priority` | `priority` | 同层优先级 |
+| `concurrency-key` | `concurrency_key` | 并发限制键 |
+| `tags` | `tags` | 自由标签 |
+| `runs-on` | `tags`（追加） | 运行环境标签 |
+
 ## 断点续跑

 ```python
 from pyflowx import JSONBackend

 # 第一次运行：成功结果写入 state.json
-backend = JSONBackend("state.json")
+backend = JSONBackend("state.json", ttl=3600)  # ttl 秒数，过期条目自动忽略
 report = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential", state=backend)

-# 第二次运行：已缓存任务自动跳过
+# 第二次运行：已缓存任务自动跳过（状态为 SKIPPED）
 report = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential", state=backend)
-# report.results 中缓存任务状态为 SKIPPED
+```
+
+`run()` 内部以 `backend.batch()` 包裹整个执行：所有 `save` 延迟到运行结束时统一落盘一次
+（`JSONBackend` 从 O(N²) 降为 O(N) 磁盘写入；`MemoryBackend` 为 no-op）。
+
+**缓存键**：默认存储键为任务名。配置 `cache_key` 函数后，键为 `"name:cache_key_value"`，
+使不同输入产生独立缓存条目：
+
+```python
+px.TaskSpec(
+    "fetch_user",
+    fn=fetch_user,
+    cache_key=lambda ctx: str(ctx.get("uid")),  # 不同 uid 独立缓存
+)
 ```

 ## 错误处理
@@ -321,23 +484,90 @@ except px.PyFlowXError:

 PyFlowX 专注于**单机 DAG 调度**的极致简洁，适合 ETL、数据处理、CI 流水线等场景。

+## 高级特性
+
+### 并发限制
+
+按 `concurrency_key` 分组限流，避免压垮下游资源：
+
+```python
+graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
+    px.TaskSpec("q1", fn=query_db, concurrency_key="db"),
+    px.TaskSpec("q2", fn=query_db, concurrency_key="db"),
+    px.TaskSpec("q3", fn=query_db, concurrency_key="db"),
+])
+# 同一时刻最多 2 个 "db" 组任务运行
+px.run(graph, strategy="async", concurrency_limits={"db": 2})
+```
+
+### 任务钩子
+
+`TaskHooks` 在任务生命周期触发（异常仅记录，不影响任务状态）：
+
+```python
+hooks = px.TaskHooks(
+    pre_run=lambda spec: print(f"start {spec.name}"),
+    post_run=lambda spec, value: print(f"done {spec.name}"),
+    on_failure=lambda spec, exc: alert(spec.name, exc),
+)
+px.TaskSpec("task", fn=work, hooks=hooks)
+```
+
+### 优先级
+
+同层内按 `priority` 降序执行（稳定排序）：
+
+```python
+px.TaskSpec("low", fn=work, priority=0)
+px.TaskSpec("high", fn=work, priority=10)  # 同层内先执行
+```
+
 ## 开发

 ```bash
 # 安装开发依赖
 uv sync --extra dev

-# 运行测试（含覆盖率）
-uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-fail-under=100
+# 运行测试（含覆盖率，阈值 95%）
+uv run pytest --cov=pyflowx --cov-fail-under=95

 # 类型检查
 uv run mypy

 # 代码风格
-uv run ruff check src tests examples
-uv run ruff format --check src tests examples
+uv run ruff check src tests
+uv run ruff format --check src tests
 ```

+## 模块结构
+
+### 核心
+
+| 模块 | 职责 |
+|------|------|
+| `task.py` | 纯数据结构：`TaskSpec`、`RetryPolicy`、`TaskHooks`、`TaskStatus` |
+| `graph.py` | DAG 构建、校验、分层、可视化 |
+| `compose.py` | 多图组合：`GraphComposer` / `compose` |
+| `context.py` | 上下文注入：参数名→依赖解析 |
+| `command.py` | 命令执行：`run_command`（list/shell/Callable） |
+| `conditions.py` | 条件执行：内置条件与组合器 |
+| `executors.py` | 执行器与 `run` 入口：四种策略共享模块级辅助；verbose 统一应用到 spec |
+| `storage.py` | 状态后端：`MemoryBackend` / `JSONBackend`（batch flush） |
+| `runner.py` | CLI 运行器：`CliRunner` |
+| `report.py` | 运行结果：`RunReport` / `TaskResult` |
+| `tools.py` | `@px.tool` 装饰器：`ToolSpec` / `run_tool` / `list_tools` / `list_subcommands` |
+| `profiling.py` | 性能分析：`Profiler` 任务耗时统计 |
+| `errors.py` | 错误家族：`PyFlowXError` 子类 |
+| `ops/` | CLI 工具模块集合（每个子模块用 `@px.tool` 注册一个工具） |
+
+### CLI 工具
+
+| 模块 | 职责 |
+|------|------|
+| `cli/pf.py` | 统一入口：`pf <tool> [command]`，按需导入 `ops/<tool>.py` 触发 `@px.tool` 注册 |
+| `cli/profiler.py` | 性能分析 CLI |
+| `cli/emlmanager.py` | 邮件管理 CLI |
+
 ## 许可证

 MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+API 参考
+========
+
+任务描述
+--------
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.TaskSpec
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :exclude-members: args, kwargs
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.RetryPolicy
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.TaskHooks
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.TaskStatus
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+图构建
+------
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.Graph
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+   :exclude-members: from_specs, from_yaml
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.GraphDefaults
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.compose
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.task_template
+
+执行
+----
+
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.run
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.RunReport
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.TaskResult
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+@px.tool 工具
+-------------
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.ToolSpec
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.tool
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.run_tool
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.list_tools
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.list_subcommands
+
+命令执行
+--------
+
+.. autofunction:: pyflowx.run_command
+
+CLI 运行器
+----------
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.CliRunner
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+状态后端
+--------
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.StateBackend
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.MemoryBackend
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+.. autoclass:: pyflowx.JSONBackend
+   :members:
+   :undoc-members:
+
+错误家族
+--------
+
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.PyFlowXError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.DuplicateTaskError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.MissingDependencyError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.CycleError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.TaskFailedError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.TaskTimeoutError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.InjectionError
+.. autoexception:: pyflowx.StorageError
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+变更日志
+========
+
+0.4.5
+-----
+
+CLI 重构
+~~~~~~~~
+
+- 新增 ``pf`` 统一入口：通过 ``pf <tool> [command] [options]`` 调用所有工具
+- 13 个工具迁移到 YAML 配置（filedate/filelevel/folderback/folderzip/screenshot/sshcopyid/lscalc/bumpversion/autofmt/piptool/packtool/pdftool/gittool）
+- YAML 配置支持 ``cli:`` 段声明命令行参数 schema，由 ``build_cli_parser`` 自动生成 argparse
+- 删除 13 个冗余 ``.py`` 入口脚本，统一通过 ``pf`` 调用
+- ``run()`` 在 ``verbose=True`` 时自动把 verbose 标记应用到所有 spec
+- 全局选项 ``--verbose`` 改为 ``--quiet``（默认显示执行过程）
+- ``cmd`` 任务成功时打印 stdout（此前被静默丢弃）
+- ``gittool`` 用 ``CLEAN_EXCLUDES`` 数组变量配置 ``git clean -e`` 参数
+
+YAML 任务编排
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+- 支持 ``variables`` 变量定义，``${VAR}`` 在 cmd/env/cwd 中替换
+- 列表变量展开为 cmd 数组多个元素
+- ``cli:`` 段支持 subcommands/positional/options 三级 schema
+- 支持 ``type: path`` 自动转为 ``pathlib.Path``
+
+文档
+~~~~
+
+- 搭建 Sphinx 文档，发布到 ReadTheDocs
+- 更新 README：CLI 示例改为 ``pf`` 统一入口，模块结构表补全
+
+0.3.x
+-----
+
+- 新增 YAML 任务编排（GitHub Actions 风格 schema）
+- 新增 ``fn:`` 函数引用与 ``register_fn`` / ``get_fn`` 注册中心
+- 新增 ``compose`` / ``GraphComposer`` 多图组合
+- 新增 ``task_template`` 任务模板工厂
+- 新增 ``concurrency_key`` + ``concurrency_limits`` 并发限制
+- 新增 ``JSONBackend`` 断点续跑与 ``batch()`` 批量落盘
+- 新增 ``cache_key`` 缓存键函数
+- 新增条件执行（``IS_WINDOWS`` / ``HAS_INSTALLED`` / ``ENV_VAR_EQUALS`` 等）
+- 四种执行策略：``sequential`` / ``thread`` / ``async`` / ``dependency``
+- 参数名即依赖的上下文注入机制
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Sphinx 配置.
+
+ReadTheDocs 构建 PyFlowX 文档站。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# 确保 src/ 在 sys.path 中, autodoc 能导入 pyflowx
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "src"))
+
+from pyflowx import __version__
+
+# -- 项目信息 --------------------------------------------------------------
+project = "PyFlowX"
+author = "pyflowx"
+copyright = "2024, pyflowx"
+release = __version__
+version = __version__
+
+# -- Sphinx 配置 -----------------------------------------------------------
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.napoleon",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "myst_parser",
+]
+
+# -- 主题 ------------------------------------------------------------------
+html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
+
+# -- autodoc 配置 ----------------------------------------------------------
+autodoc_default_options = {
+    "members": True,
+    "undoc-members": True,
+    "show-inheritance": True,
+    "member-order": "bysource",
+}
+autodoc_type_hints = "description"
+autodoc_typehints_format = "short"
+
+# -- napoleon 配置 (Google/NumPy docstring 兼容) --------------------------
+napoleon_google_docstring = True
+napoleon_numpy_docstring = True
+napoleon_include_init_with_doc = False
+napoleon_include_private_with_doc = False
+napoleon_include_special_with_doc = True
+
+# -- intersphinx -----------------------------------------------------------
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+}
+
+# -- 全局选项 ---------------------------------------------------------------
+language = "zh_CN"
+master_doc = "index"
+exclude_patterns = ["_build", "Thumbs.db", ".DS_Store"]
+source_suffix = {
+    ".rst": "restructuredtext",
+    ".md": "markdown",
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+pf 统一 CLI 入口
+================
+
+所有工具通过 ``pf <tool> [command] [options]`` 调用。工具定义在 ``cli/configs/`` 目录下的 YAML 文件中。
+
+基本用法
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   pf                         # 列出所有可用工具
+   pf filedate                # 查看 filedate 工具帮助
+   pf filedate add a.txt      # 调用 filedate 的 add 子命令
+   pf gitt c                  # 调用 gittool 的 c 子命令
+   pf pymake b                # 调用 pymake 的 b 别名
+
+全局选项
+--------
+
+所有 YAML 工具支持以下全局选项：
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 25 75
+
+   * - 选项
+     - 说明
+   * - ``--dry-run``
+     - 仅打印执行计划，不执行
+   * - ``--quiet`` / ``-q``
+     - 减少输出，不显示执行过程
+   * - ``--strategy``
+     - 执行策略（``sequential`` / ``thread`` / ``async`` / ``dependency``）
+   * - ``--list``
+     - 列出所有任务名后退出
+
+默认 ``verbose`` 开启，显示执行过程（任务开始/命令/返回码/任务成功）。``--quiet`` 关闭。
+
+YAML 配置工具
+--------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 20 15 65
+
+   * - 工具
+     - 别名
+     - 说明
+   * - ``filedate``
+     - ``fd``
+     - 文件日期处理
+   * - ``filelevel``
+     - ``fl``
+     - 文件等级重命名
+   * - ``folderback``
+     - ``fb``
+     - 文件夹备份
+   * - ``folderzip``
+     - ``fz``
+     - 文件夹压缩
+   * - ``gittool``
+     - ``gitt``
+     - Git 执行工具
+   * - ``lscalc``
+     - ``ls``
+     - LS-DYNA 计算工具
+   * - ``packtool``
+     - ``pack``
+     - Python 打包工具
+   * - ``pdftool``
+     - ``pdf``
+     - PDF 文件工具集
+   * - ``piptool``
+     - ``pip``
+     - pip 包管理工具
+   * - ``screenshot``
+     - ``ss``
+     - 截图工具
+   * - ``sshcopyid``
+     - ``ssh``
+     - SSH 密钥部署工具
+   * - ``autofmt``
+     - ``af``
+     - 自动格式化工具
+   * - ``bumpversion``
+     - ``bump``
+     - 版本号自动管理工具
+
+传统工具
+--------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 20 80
+
+   * - 工具
+     - 说明
+   * - ``pymake``
+     - 构建工具（替代 Makefile），如 ``pf pymake b`` 构建
+   * - ``yamlrun``
+     - YAML pipeline 执行器，``pf yamlrun pipeline.yaml``
+   * - ``profiler``
+     - 性能分析
+   * - ``emlman``
+     - 邮件管理
+   * - ``reseticon``
+     - 重置图标缓存
+
+自定义工具
+----------
+
+在 ``cli/configs/`` 目录新建 ``<tool>.yaml`` 即可被 ``pf`` 自动发现：
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   # cli/configs/mytool.yaml
+   strategy: sequential
+   variables:
+     MSG: "hello"
+   cli:
+     description: "我的工具"
+     usage: "pf mytool [command]"
+     subcommands:
+       greet:
+         help: "打招呼"
+   jobs:
+     greet:
+       cmd: ["echo", "${MSG}"]
+
+执行::
+
+   pf mytool greet
+
+CliRunner（编程式）
+-------------------
+
+``CliRunner`` 把多个 Graph 映射为命令行子命令，适合构建项目专属构建工具：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   runner = px.CliRunner(
+       strategy="sequential",
+       description="My Build Tool",
+       graphs={
+           "clean": clean_graph,
+           "build": build_graph,
+           "test": test_graph,
+       },
+   )
+   runner.run_cli()  # 解析 sys.argv 并执行
+
+命令行::
+
+   pf pymake clean
+   pf pymake build --strategy thread
+   pf pymake test --dry-run
+   pf pymake --list
+   pf pymake --quiet
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+执行策略与 run()
+=================
+
+``run()`` 是执行入口，支持四种策略：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   report = px.run(
+       graph,
+       strategy="async",          # sequential | thread | async | dependency
+       max_workers=8,             # thread 策略的线程池大小
+       concurrency_limits={"db": 2},  # 按 concurrency_key 限流
+       dry_run=False,             # True = 仅打印计划
+       verbose=True,              # True = 打印执行过程
+       on_event=callback,         # 状态转换回调
+       state=px.JSONBackend("state.json"),  # 断点续跑后端
+       continue_on_error=False,   # True = 单任务失败不中断整体
+   )
+
+策略对比
+--------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 18 18 30 16 18
+
+   * - 策略
+     - 并发模型
+     - 适用场景
+     - 同步任务
+     - 异步任务
+   * - ``sequential``
+     - 串行
+     - 调试、CPU 密集
+     - 直接调用
+     - 事件循环
+   * - ``thread``
+     - 线程池
+     - I/O 密集同步
+     - 线程池
+     - 不支持
+   * - ``async``
+     - 事件循环
+     - I/O 密集异步
+     - 卸载到线程池
+     - 事件循环
+   * - ``dependency``
+     - 依赖驱动
+     - 最大化并行度
+     - 卸载到线程池
+     - 事件循环
+
+所有策略都遵循 ``RetryPolicy``、``timeout``、上下文注入、状态后端、``concurrency_limits``，
+并发出 ``TaskEvent``（RUNNING/SUCCESS/FAILED/SKIPPED）。``dependency`` 策略无层屏障：
+任务在其所有硬依赖完成后立即启动。
+
+上下文注入规则
+--------------
+
+按顺序求值：
+
+1. **标注为 ``Context``** 的参数 → 接收完整上游结果映射
+2. **名称匹配依赖** 的参数 → 接收该依赖的结果（含软依赖，缺失时注入默认值）
+3. **``**kwargs``** 参数 → 接收所有依赖结果（dict）
+4. **``TaskSpec.args`` / ``kwargs``** → 为非依赖参数提供静态值
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from typing import Any, Dict
+
+   def aggregate(ctx: px.Context) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+       """ctx 包含所有 depends_on 任务的返回值。"""
+       return dict(ctx)
+
+   def merge(fetch_a: str, fetch_b: str) -> str:
+       """fetch_a / fetch_b 自动注入。"""
+       return fetch_a + fetch_b
+
+断点续跑
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   from pyflowx import JSONBackend
+
+   backend = JSONBackend("state.json", ttl=3600)
+   report = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential", state=backend)
+
+``run()`` 内部以 ``backend.batch()`` 包裹整个执行：所有 ``save`` 延迟到运行结束时统一落盘一次。
+
+缓存键：默认存储键为任务名。配置 ``cache_key`` 函数后，键为 ``"name:cache_key_value"``。
+
+完整 API 说明详见 :doc:`/api`。
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+Graph —— DAG 构建
+=================
+
+``Graph`` 管理任务集合，提供建构建、校验、分层、可视化能力。
+
+构建方式
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   # 图级默认值：TaskSpec 字段为 None 时回退
+   defaults = px.GraphDefaults(retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=2), timeout=60.0)
+
+   graph = px.Graph.from_specs([...], defaults=defaults)  # 整批校验（推荐）
+
+   # 或增量构建
+   graph = px.Graph(defaults=defaults)
+   graph.add(px.TaskSpec("a", fn_a))
+   graph.add(px.TaskSpec("b", fn_b, ("a",)))
+
+常用方法
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   graph.validate()                    # 显式校验（环检测）
+   graph.layers()                      # 拓扑分层（Kahn 算法）
+   graph.to_mermaid()                  # Mermaid 可视化
+   graph.describe()                    # 人类可读摘要
+   graph.subgraph(("api",))            # 按标签切片
+   graph.subgraph_by_names(("a", "b")) # 按名称切片
+   graph.map("fetch", [1, 2, 3], lambda i: TaskSpec(f"fetch_{i}", ...))  # 批量 fan-out
+
+图组合
+------
+
+``compose`` / ``GraphComposer`` 把带字符串引用的多个图展开为纯 ``Graph``：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   graphs = {
+       "build": px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("b", cmd=["echo", "b"])]),
+       "all": px.Graph.from_specs(["build", px.TaskSpec("t", cmd=["echo", "t"])]),
+   }
+   resolved = px.compose(graphs)  # "all" 图中的 "build" 引用被展开
+
+引用格式：``"command_name"``（整个图）或 ``"command_name.task_name"``（特定任务）。
+``CliRunner`` 内部自动调用 ``compose``。
+
+完整方法说明详见 :doc:`/api`。
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+TaskSpec —— 任务描述
+=====================
+
+``TaskSpec`` 是不可变的任务描述符（``Generic[T]``，返回类型一路传到 ``RunReport``），是唯一需要配置的东西。
+
+主要参数说明：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   px.TaskSpec(
+       name="fetch_user",              # 唯一标识
+       fn=fetch_user,                  # 同步或异步函数
+       cmd=["curl", "..."],            # 或: 执行命令（覆盖 fn）
+       depends_on=("auth",),           # 硬依赖（参与拓扑分层）
+       soft_depends_on=("cache",),     # 软依赖（仅注入，不参与分层）
+       args=(uid,),                    # 静态位置参数（追加在注入参数后）
+       kwargs={"timeout": 30},         # 静态关键字参数
+       retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=3, delay=1.0, backoff=2.0),
+       timeout=30.0,                   # 超时秒数（None = 不限制）
+       tags=("api", "user"),           # 自由标签，用于子图过滤
+       conditions=(is_prod,),          # 条件函数列表（全部为 True 才执行）
+       priority=10,                    # 同层内优先级（高优先执行，默认 0）
+       concurrency_key="db",            # 并发分组键（配合 concurrency_limits 限流）
+       cache_key=lambda ctx: str(ctx.get("uid")),  # 缓存键函数
+       hooks=px.TaskHooks(pre_run=..., post_run=..., on_failure=...),
+       cwd=Path("/tmp"),               # 命令工作目录（仅 cmd 模式）
+       env={"DEBUG": "1"},             # 环境变量覆盖
+       verbose=True,                   # 打印命令输出（仅 cmd 模式）
+       skip_if_missing=True,           # 命令不存在时自动跳过（仅 list[str] cmd）
+       allow_upstream_skip=False,      # 上游 SKIPPED/FAILED 时是否仍执行
+       continue_on_error=False,        # 本任务失败是否不中断整体
+   )
+
+两种任务形态
+------------
+
+- **函数任务**（``fn``）：普通 Python 函数，参数名驱动自动注入
+- **命令任务**（``cmd``）：执行外部命令，支持 ``list[str]``、``str``（shell）、``Callable`` 三种形态
+
+``skip_if_missing=True`` 时，``list[str]`` 类型的 ``cmd`` 会通过 ``shutil.which`` 检查命令是否存在，不存在则跳过任务（标记为 ``SKIPPED``）而非失败。
+
+重试策略
+--------
+
+``RetryPolicy`` 配置重试次数、延迟、退避：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   retry = px.RetryPolicy(
+       max_attempts=3,    # 最大尝试次数
+       delay=1.0,         # 初始延迟秒数
+       backoff=2.0,       # 退避倍数
+       jitter=0.1,        # 随机抖动（避免惊群）
+       retry_on=(ConnectionError,),  # 仅对这些异常重试
+   )
+
+任务钩子
+--------
+
+``TaskHooks`` 在任务生命周期触发（异常仅记录，不影响任务状态）：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   hooks = px.TaskHooks(
+       pre_run=lambda spec: print(f"start {spec.name}"),
+       post_run=lambda spec, value: print(f"done {spec.name}"),
+       on_failure=lambda spec, exc: alert(spec.name, exc),
+   )
+   px.TaskSpec("task", fn=work, hooks=hooks)
+
+任务模板
+--------
+
+``task_template`` 工厂批量生成相似 TaskSpec：
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   fetch = px.task_template(
+       fn=fetch_url,
+       retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=5),
+       timeout=30.0,
+       tags=("api",),
+   )
+   graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
+       fetch("users", url="https://api.example.com/users"),
+       fetch("posts", url="https://api.example.com/posts"),
+   ])
+
+完整字段说明详见 :doc:`/api`。
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+YAML 任务编排
+=============
+
+PyFlowX 支持 GitHub Actions 风格的声明式 YAML 任务编排，从 YAML 文件直接加载任务图。
+
+编程式 API
+----------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import pyflowx as px
+
+   # 从 YAML 文件加载任务图
+   graph = px.Graph.from_yaml("pipeline.yaml")
+   report = px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
+
+   # 或用函数式 API
+   graph = px.load_yaml("pipeline.yaml")
+
+   # 从字符串解析
+   graph = px.parse_yaml_string("""
+   jobs:
+     hello:
+       cmd: ["echo", "hello"]
+   """)
+
+YAML Schema
+-----------
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   strategy: thread              # 图级默认策略
+   defaults:                     # 图级默认值
+     retry: {max_attempts: 3}
+     verbose: true
+     env: {CI: "true"}
+
+   variables:                    # 变量定义 (可在 cmd/env 中 ${VAR} 引用)
+     OUTPUT: "dist"
+
+   jobs:
+     setup:
+       cmd: ["git", "clone", "..."]
+       runs-on: linux
+
+     build:
+       needs: [setup]            # 依赖列表
+       cmd: ["python", "-m", "build"]
+       timeout: 300
+       retry: {max_attempts: 2, delay: 1.0}
+
+     test:
+       needs: [build]
+       cmd: ["python${{ matrix.version }}", "-m", "pytest"]
+       strategy:
+         matrix:                  # 笛卡尔积展开为 6 个任务
+           version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+           os: ["linux", "macos"]
+       if: "env.CI"             # 条件: 环境变量存在
+
+     lint:
+       needs: [build]
+       cmd: ["ruff", "check"]
+       if: "env.CI == 'true'"
+
+     deploy:
+       needs: [test, lint]        # 矩阵依赖自动展开
+       cmd: ["twine", "upload"]
+       if: "env.DEPLOY_TOKEN != ''"
+       allow-upstream-skip: true
+       concurrency-key: deploy_lock
+
+字段映射
+--------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 30 30 40
+
+   * - YAML 字段
+     - TaskSpec 字段
+     - 说明
+   * - ``jobs.<id>``
+     - ``name``
+     - job ID 作为任务名
+   * - ``cmd`` / ``run``
+     - ``cmd``
+     - ``cmd`` 为列表形式，``run`` 为 shell 字符串
+   * - ``needs``
+     - ``depends_on``
+     - 依赖列表（矩阵任务自动展开）
+   * - ``if``
+     - ``conditions``
+     - ``success()`` / ``always()`` / ``env.VAR`` / ``env.VAR == 'x'``
+   * - ``strategy.matrix``
+     - 矩阵扇出
+     - 笛卡尔积展开为多个任务
+   * - ``${{ matrix.key }}``
+     - 占位符
+     - 在 cmd/run/cwd/env 中替换
+   * - ``timeout``
+     - ``timeout``
+     - 超时秒数
+   * - ``retry``
+     - ``retry``
+     - ``{max_attempts, delay, backoff, jitter}``
+   * - ``cwd``
+     - ``cwd``
+     - 工作目录
+   * - ``env``
+     - ``env``
+     - 环境变量
+   * - ``verbose``
+     - ``verbose``
+     - 详细输出
+   * - ``continue-on-error``
+     - ``continue_on_error``
+     - 失败不中止整图
+   * - ``skip-if-missing``
+     - ``skip_if_missing``
+     - 命令不存在时跳过
+   * - ``allow-upstream-skip``
+     - ``allow_upstream_skip``
+     - 上游跳过时仍执行
+   * - ``priority``
+     - ``priority``
+     - 同层优先级
+   * - ``concurrency-key``
+     - ``concurrency_key``
+     - 并发限制键
+   * - ``tags``
+     - ``tags``
+     - 自由标签
+   * - ``runs-on``
+     - ``tags``（追加）
+     - 运行环境标签
+
+CLI 配置段（``cli:``）
+----------------------
+
+工具 YAML 还可定义 ``cli:`` 段，声明命令行参数 schema，由 ``pf`` 自动解析：
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   cli:
+     description: "FileDate - 文件日期处理工具"
+     usage: "pf filedate <command> [files...]"
+     subcommands:
+       add:
+         help: "添加日期前缀"
+         positional:
+           - name: FILES
+             nargs: "+"
+             type: path
+             help: "文件路径"
+         options:
+           - name: CLEAR
+             flag: "--clear"
+             action: store_true
+             help: "清除已有日期前缀"
+
+支持的 ``type``：``str`` / ``int`` / ``float`` / ``path``。
+
+完整 API 说明详见 :doc:`/api`。
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+PyFlowX 文档
+============
+
+PyFlowX 是一个轻量、类型安全的 DAG 任务调度器：**参数名就是依赖声明**。
+无需装饰器、无需样板包装器，写一个普通函数，框架按参数名自动注入上游结果。
+
+特性
+----
+
+- **零样板** —— 参数名即依赖，框架自动注入上游结果
+- **四种执行策略** —— sequential（串行）、thread（线程池）、async（事件循环）、dependency（依赖驱动，最大化并行）
+- **类型安全** —— ``TaskSpec[T]`` 把返回类型一路传到 ``RunReport``
+- **DAG 校验** —— 构建时即时校验重名、缺失依赖、环
+- **自动分层** —— Kahn 算法分组，同层任务可并行
+- **重试与超时** —— 每个任务独立配置 ``RetryPolicy`` 与 ``timeout``
+- **并发限制** —— ``concurrency_key`` + ``concurrency_limits`` 按组限流
+- **断点续跑** —— ``MemoryBackend`` / ``JSONBackend``，成功结果可缓存复用
+- **命令任务** —— ``cmd`` 参数直接执行外部命令
+- **条件执行** —— ``conditions`` 按平台、环境变量等条件跳过任务
+- **YAML 任务编排** —— GitHub Actions 风格声明式任务图
+- **pf 统一 CLI** —— ``pf <tool> [command]`` 调用所有工具
+- **最小依赖** —— 仅依赖标准库 + PyYAML
+
+文档导航
+--------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: 入门
+
+   installation
+   quickstart
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: 用户指南
+
+   guide/task
+   guide/graph
+   guide/execution
+   guide/yaml
+   guide/cli
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: 参考
+
+   api
+   changelog
+
+索引
+----
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+安装
+====
+
+PyFlowX 支持 Python 3.8+，仅依赖标准库与 PyYAML（3.8 额外需要 ``graphlib_backport`` 和 ``typing-extensions``）。
+
+pip 安装
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   pip install pyflowx
+
+uv 安装
+-------
+
+推荐使用 `uv <https://docs.astral.sh/uv/>`_：
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   uv add pyflowx
+
+可选依赖
+--------
+
+``office`` —— PDF/图片处理（pdftool、screenshot 等工具需要）：
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   pip install pyflowx[office]
+
+``dev`` —— 开发工具链（ruff、pyrefly、pytest、tox 等）：
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   pip install pyflowx[dev]
+
+验证安装
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   pf --version
+
+输出示例::
+
+   PyFlowX 0.4.5
+
+下一步
+------
+
+前往 :doc:`quickstart` 开始使用。
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+快速上手
+========
+
+核心思想：**参数名即依赖**。写一个普通函数，参数名匹配上游任务名，框架自动注入结果。
+
+最小示例
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   import pyflowx as px
+
+   def extract() -> list[int]:
+       return [1, 2, 3]
+
+   # 参数名 extract 自动匹配上游任务名 → 自动注入
+   def double(extract: list[int]) -> list[int]:
+       return [x * 2 for x in extract]
+
+   graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
+       px.TaskSpec("extract", extract),
+       px.TaskSpec("double", double, ("extract",)),
+   ])
+
+   report = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential")
+   print(report["double"])  # [2, 4, 6]
+
+三种任务形态
+------------
+
+1. **函数任务**（``fn``）：普通 Python 函数，参数名驱动自动注入
+2. **命令任务**（``cmd``）：执行外部命令，支持 ``list[str]`` / ``str``（shell）/ ``Callable``
+3. **YAML 声明式**：从 YAML 文件加载任务图
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
+       px.TaskSpec("list", cmd=["ls", "-la"]),
+       px.TaskSpec("greet", fn=lambda: "hello"),
+   ])
+
+执行策略
+--------
+
+PyFlowX 提供四种执行策略：
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 20 20 60
+
+   * - 策略
+     - 并发模型
+     - 适用场景
+   * - ``sequential``
+     - 串行
+     - 调试、CPU 密集
+   * - ``thread``
+     - 线程池
+     - I/O 密集同步
+   * - ``async``
+     - 事件循环
+     - I/O 密集异步
+   * - ``dependency``
+     - 依赖驱动
+     - 最大化并行度（默认推荐）
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   report = px.run(graph, strategy="dependency")
+
+结果访问
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   report["task_name"]              # 任务返回值
+   report.result_of("task_name")     # 完整 TaskResult
+   report.success                   # 整体是否成功
+   report.summary()                 # 统计字典
+   report.failed_tasks()            # 失败任务名列表
+
+下一步
+------
+
+- :doc:`guide/task` —— TaskSpec 详细配置
+- :doc:`guide/yaml` —— YAML 声明式任务编排
+- :doc:`guide/cli` —— ``pf`` 统一 CLI 入口
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 dependencies = [
    "graphlib_backport >= 1.0.0; python_version < '3.9'",
-    "typing-extensions>=4.13.2",
+    "typing-extensions>=4.13.2; python_version < '3.13'",
 ]
 description = "Lightweight, type-safe DAG task scheduler with multi-strategy execution."
 keywords = ["async", "dag", "scheduler", "task", "workflow"]
@@ -21,34 +21,12 @@ license = { text = "MIT" }
 name = "pyflowx"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.8"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.4.8"

 [project.scripts]
-autofmt     = "pyflowx.cli.autofmt:main"
-bumpversion = "pyflowx.cli.bumpversion:main"
-clr         = "pyflowx.cli.clearscreen:main"
-emlman      = "pyflowx.cli.emlmanager:main"
-envdev      = "pyflowx.cli.envdev:main"
-envpy       = "pyflowx.cli.envpy:main"
-envqt       = "pyflowx.cli.envqt:main"
-envrs       = "pyflowx.cli.envrs:main"
-filedate    = "pyflowx.cli.filedate:main"
-filelvl     = "pyflowx.cli.filelevel:main"
-foldback    = "pyflowx.cli.folderback:main"
-foldzip     = "pyflowx.cli.folderzip:main"
-gitt        = "pyflowx.cli.gittool:main"
-lscalc      = "pyflowx.cli.lscalc:main"
-msdown      = "pyflowx.cli.llm.msdownload:main"
-packtool    = "pyflowx.cli.packtool:main"
-pdftool     = "pyflowx.cli.pdftool:main"
-piptool     = "pyflowx.cli.piptool:main"
-pymake      = "pyflowx.cli.pymake:main"
-reseticon   = "pyflowx.cli.reseticoncache:main"
-scrcap      = "pyflowx.cli.screenshot:main"
-sglang      = "pyflowx.cli.llm.sglang:main"
-sshcopy     = "pyflowx.cli.sshcopyid:main"
-taskk       = "pyflowx.cli.taskkill:main"
-wch         = "pyflowx.cli.which:main"
+emlman = "pyflowx.cli.emlmanager:main"
+pf     = "pyflowx.cli.pf:main"
+pxp    = "pyflowx.cli.profiler:main"

 [project.optional-dependencies]
 dev = [
@@ -66,9 +44,7 @@ dev = [
    "tox-uv>=1.13.1",
    "tox>=4.25.0",
 ]
-llm = [
-    "sglang[all]==0.5.10rc0; python_version >= '3.10' and sys_platform == 'linux'",
-]
+docs = ["myst-parser>=3.0", "sphinx-rtd-theme>=2.0", "sphinx>=7.0"]
 office = [
    "pillow>=10.4.0",
    "pymupdf>=1.24.11",
@@ -80,6 +56,9 @@ office = [
 build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 requires      = ["hatchling"]

+[tool.uv]
+required-version = ">=0.5.0"
+
 [[tool.uv.index]]
 default = true
 url     = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
@@ -94,12 +73,12 @@ packages = ["src/pyflowx"]
 pyflowx = { workspace = true }

 [dependency-groups]
-dev = ["pyflowx[dev,office,llm]"]
+dev = ["pyflowx[dev,docs,office]"]

 [tool.coverage.run]
 branch      = true
 concurrency = ["thread"]
-omit        = ["src/pyflowx/examples/*", "tests/*"]
+omit        = ["src/pyflowx/cli/*", "tests/*"]
 source      = ["pyflowx"]

 [tool.coverage.report]
@@ -109,7 +88,7 @@ exclude_lines = [
    "pragma: no cover",
    "raise NotImplementedError",
 ]
-fail_under = 80
+fail_under = 95
 show_missing = true

 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
@@ -152,7 +131,8 @@ select = [
 ]

 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
-"**/tests/**" = ["ARG001", "ARG002"]
+"**/tests/**"          = ["ARG001", "ARG002"]
+"src/pyflowx/tools.py" = ["PLR0911"]

 [tool.pyrefly]
 preset           = "strict"
@@ -58,15 +58,9 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

-from .conditions import (
-    IS_LINUX,
-    IS_MACOS,
-    IS_POSIX,
-    IS_WINDOWS,
-    BuiltinConditions,
-    Condition,
-    Constants,
-)
+from .command import run_command
+from .compose import GraphComposer, compose
+from .conditions import IS_LINUX, IS_MACOS, IS_POSIX, IS_WINDOWS, BuiltinConditions, Condition, Constants
 from .context import Context, build_call_args, describe_injection
 from .errors import (
    CycleError,
@@ -79,7 +73,8 @@ from .errors import (
    TaskTimeoutError,
 )
 from .executors import Strategy, run
-from .graph import Graph, GraphComposer, GraphDefaults, compose
+from .graph import Graph, GraphDefaults
+from .profiling import ProfileReport, TaskProfile
 from .report import RunReport
 from .runner import CliExitCode, CliRunner
 from .storage import JSONBackend, MemoryBackend, StateBackend
@@ -92,10 +87,13 @@ from .task import (
    TaskResult,
    TaskSpec,
    TaskStatus,
+    cmd,
+    task,
    task_template,
 )
+from .tools import ToolSpec, list_subcommands, list_tools, run_tool, tool

-__version__ = "0.3.2"
+__version__ = "0.4.8"

 __all__ = [
    "IS_LINUX",
@@ -118,6 +116,7 @@ __all__ = [
    "JSONBackend",
    "MemoryBackend",
    "MissingDependencyError",
+    "ProfileReport",
    "PyFlowXError",
    "RetryPolicy",
    "RunReport",
@@ -128,13 +127,22 @@ __all__ = [
    "TaskEvent",
    "TaskFailedError",
    "TaskHooks",
+    "TaskProfile",
    "TaskResult",
    "TaskSpec",
    "TaskStatus",
    "TaskTimeoutError",
+    "ToolSpec",
    "build_call_args",
+    "cmd",
    "compose",
    "describe_injection",
+    "list_subcommands",
+    "list_tools",
    "run",
+    "run_command",
+    "run_tool",
+    "task",
    "task_template",
+    "tool",
 ]
@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-"""版本号自动管理工具.
-
-使用 TaskSpec 模式实现, 支持语义化版本管理和多文件格式的版本号更新.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import re
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, get_args
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-BumpVersionType = Literal["patch", "minor", "major"]
-
-# 针对不同文件类型的版本号匹配模式
-# pyproject.toml: version = "X.Y.Z" 或 version = 'X.Y.Z'
-_PYPROJECT_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    r'(?:^|\n)\s*version\s*=\s*["\']'
-    r"(?P<major>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<minor>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<patch>0|[1-9]\d*)"
-    r"(?:-(?P<prerelease>(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?"
-    r"(?:\+(?P<buildmetadata>[0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?"
-    r'["\']',
-    re.MULTILINE,
-)
-
-# __init__.py: __version__ = "X.Y.Z" 或 __version__ = 'X.Y.Z'
-_INIT_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
-    r'(?:^|\n)\s*__version__\s*=\s*["\']'
-    r"(?P<major>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<minor>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<patch>0|[1-9]\d*)"
-    r"(?:-(?P<prerelease>(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?"
-    r"(?:\+(?P<buildmetadata>[0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?"
-    r'["\']',
-    re.MULTILINE,
-)
-
-
-def _get_pattern_for_file(file_name: str) -> re.Pattern[str] | None:
-    """根据文件类型获取对应的正则表达式.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    file_name : str
-        文件名
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    re.Pattern[str] | None
-        对应的正则表达式，如果无法确定则返回 None
-    """
-    if file_name == "pyproject.toml":
-        return _PYPROJECT_VERSION_PATTERN
-    if file_name == "__init__.py":
-        return _INIT_VERSION_PATTERN
-    return None
-
-
-def _calculate_new_version(major: int, minor: int, patch: int, part: BumpVersionType) -> str:
-    """计算新版本号.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    major : int
-        当前主版本号
-    minor : int
-        当前次版本号
-    patch : int
-        当前补丁版本号
-    part : BumpVersionType
-        要更新的部分
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    str
-        新版本号
-    """
-    if part == "major":
-        return f"{major + 1}.0.0"
-    if part == "minor":
-        return f"{major}.{minor + 1}.0"
-    return f"{major}.{minor}.{patch + 1}"
-
-
-def _build_replacement_string(original_match: str, new_version: str, file_name: str) -> str:
-    """构建替换字符串，保留原始格式.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    original_match : str
-        原始匹配的字符串
-    new_version : str
-        新版本号
-    file_name : str
-        文件名
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    str
-        替换字符串
-    """
-    quote_char = '"' if '"' in original_match else "'"
-
-    if file_name == "pyproject.toml":
-        prefix_match = re.match(r'(\s*version\s*=\s*)["\']', original_match)
-        prefix = prefix_match.group(1) if prefix_match else "version = "
-        return f"{prefix}{quote_char}{new_version}{quote_char}"
-
-    if file_name == "__init__.py":
-        prefix_match = re.match(r'(\s*__version__\s*=\s*)["\']', original_match)
-        prefix = prefix_match.group(1) if prefix_match else "__version__ = "
-        return f"{prefix}{quote_char}{new_version}{quote_char}"
-
-    return new_version
-
-
-def bump_file_version(file_path: Path, part: BumpVersionType = "patch") -> str | None:
-    """更新文件中的版本号.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    file_path : Path
-        要更新的文件路径
-    part : BumpVersionType
-        版本部分: patch, minor, major
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    str | None
-        更新后的新版本号，如果文件中未找到版本号则返回 None
-    """
-    try:
-        content = file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"读取文件 {file_path} 时出错: {e}")
-        raise
-
-    # 获取文件对应的正则表达式
-    pattern = _get_pattern_for_file(file_path.name)
-
-    # 对于未知文件类型，尝试两种模式
-    if pattern:
-        match = pattern.search(content)
-    else:
-        match = _PYPROJECT_VERSION_PATTERN.search(content) or _INIT_VERSION_PATTERN.search(content)
-
-    if not match:
-        print(f"文件 {file_path} 中未找到版本号模式")
-        return None
-
-    # 提取当前版本号
-    major = int(match.group("major"))
-    minor = int(match.group("minor"))
-    patch = int(match.group("patch"))
-
-    # 计算新版本号
-    new_version = _calculate_new_version(major, minor, patch, part)
-
-    # 构建替换字符串
-    original_match = match.group(0)
-    replacement = _build_replacement_string(original_match, new_version, file_path.name)
-
-    # 更新文件内容
-    content = content.replace(original_match, replacement)
-
-    try:
-        file_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-    except Exception as e:
-        print(f"更新文件 {file_path} 版本号时出错: {e}")
-        raise
-
-    return new_version
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """版本号管理工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="BumpVersion - 版本号自动管理工具")
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "part",
-        type=str,
-        nargs="?",
-        default="patch",
-        choices=get_args(BumpVersionType),
-        help=f"版本部分: {get_args(BumpVersionType)}",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--no-tag",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="提交后不创建 git tag",
-    )
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    part = args.part
-
-    # 搜索文件，排除常见的虚拟环境和缓存目录
-    ignore_dirs = {".venv", "venv", ".git", "__pycache__", ".tox", "node_modules", "build", "dist", ".eggs"}
-    all_files = set()
-
-    for pattern in ["__init__.py", "pyproject.toml"]:
-        for file in Path.cwd().rglob(pattern):
-            # 检查路径中是否包含需要忽略的目录
-            if not any(ignore_dir in file.parts for ignore_dir in ignore_dirs):
-                all_files.add(file)
-
-    if not all_files:
-        print("未找到包含版本号的文件")
-        return
-
-    print(f"找到 {len(all_files)} 个文件需要更新版本号")
-    for file in sorted(all_files):
-        print(f"  - {file.relative_to(Path.cwd())}")
-
-    # 更新所有文件的版本号（使用顺序执行避免竞争条件）
-    # 使用相对于 cwd 的路径作为任务名，确保唯一性
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            f"bump_{file.relative_to(Path.cwd())}".replace("\\", "_").replace("/", "_").replace(".", "_"),
-            fn=bump_file_version,
-            args=(file, part),
-        )
-        for file in all_files
-    ])
-    report = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential")
-
-    # 收集新版本号（取第一个成功的结果）
-    new_version = None
-    for task_name in report:
-        result = report[task_name]
-        if result is not None:
-            new_version = result
-            break
-
-    if not new_version:
-        print("未能获取新版本号")
-        return
-
-    print(f"版本号已更新为: {new_version}")
-
-    # 提交修改并创建标签
-    tasks = [
-        px.TaskSpec("git_add", cmd=["git", "add", "."]),
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            "git_commit",
-            cmd=["git", "commit", "-m", f"bump version to {new_version}"],
-            depends_on=("git_add",),
-        ),
-    ]
-
-    if not args.no_tag:
-        tag_name = f"v{new_version}"
-        tasks.append(
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "git_tag",
-                cmd=["git", "tag", "-a", tag_name, "-m", f"Release {tag_name}"],
-                depends_on=("git_commit",),
-            )
-        )
-
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs(tasks)
-    px.run(graph, strategy="sequential")
-
-    if not args.no_tag:
-        print(f"已创建标签: v{new_version}")
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-"""清屏工具.
-
-跨平台清屏工具, 支持终端和控制台清屏.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.tasks.system import clr
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """清屏工具主函数."""
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([clr()])
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def _parse_email_date(date_str: str) -> str:
    try:
        dt = parsedate_to_datetime(date_str)
        return dt.isoformat()
-    except Exception:
+    except (ValueError, TypeError, OverflowError):
        return date_str


@@ -277,11 +277,11 @@ def _extract_email_body_part(part: Any) -> str:
            decoded_text = payload.decode(charset, errors="replace")
        except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError) as decode_error:
            # 如果指定编码失败，尝试常见编码
-            logger.warning(f"字符编码 {charset} 解码失败: {decode_error}")
+            logger.warning("字符编码 %s 解码失败: %s", charset, decode_error)
            for fallback_charset in ["utf-8", "gbk", "gb2312", "latin-1"]:
                try:
                    decoded_text = payload.decode(fallback_charset, errors="replace")
-                    logger.info(f"成功使用备用编码 {fallback_charset} 解码")
+                    logger.info("成功使用备用编码 %s 解码", fallback_charset)
                    break
                except (UnicodeDecodeError, LookupError):
                    continue
@@ -293,15 +293,15 @@ def _extract_email_body_part(part: Any) -> str:
        # 限制长度并返回
        result = decoded_text[:MAX_BODY_LENGTH]
        if len(decoded_text) > MAX_BODY_LENGTH:
-            logger.debug(f"正文内容过长，截取前{MAX_BODY_LENGTH}字符")
+            logger.debug("正文内容过长，截取前%d字符", MAX_BODY_LENGTH)

        return result

    except AttributeError as attr_error:
-        logger.error(f"邮件部分对象属性错误: {attr_error}")
+        logger.error("邮件部分对象属性错误: %s", attr_error)
        return ""
    except Exception as unexpected_error:
-        logger.error(f"提取邮件正文时发生未知错误: {unexpected_error}")
+        logger.error("提取邮件正文时发生未知错误: %s", unexpected_error)
        return ""


@@ -567,13 +567,15 @@ class EmlManagerHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

        emails = self.db.search_emails(keyword, field, limit, offset)
        total_count = self.db.get_email_count()
-        self._send_json_response({
-            "emails": emails,
-            "count": len(emails),
-            "total": total_count,
-            "limit": limit,
-            "offset": offset,
-        })
+        self._send_json_response(
+            {
+                "emails": emails,
+                "count": len(emails),
+                "total": total_count,
+                "limit": limit,
+                "offset": offset,
+            }
+        )

    def _api_get_email(self, query_params: dict[str, list[str]]) -> None:
        """API: 获取单个邮件详情."""
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-from typing import TypedDict
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-
-class EnvConfig(TypedDict):
-    """环境配置项."""
-
-    name: str
-    value: str
-    description: str
-
-
-PIP_INDEX_URL_CONFIG: EnvConfig = {
-    "name": "PIP_INDEX_URL",
-    "value": "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple",
-    "description": "PIP索引URL",
-}
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 配置
-# ============================================================================
-
-PIP_INDEX_URLS: dict[str, str] = {
-    "tsinghua": "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple",
-    "aliyun": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/",
-}
-
-PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS: dict[str, str] = {
-    "tsinghua": "pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn",
-    "aliyun": "mirrors.aliyun.com",
-}
-
-UV_INDEX_URL: str = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
-UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR: str = "https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python-build-standalone"
-
-CONDA_MIRROR_URLS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
-    "tsinghua": [
-        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
-        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
-        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
-    ],
-    "aliyun": [
-        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
-        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
-        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
-    ],
-}
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """主函数."""
-    # 使用更安全的分步执行方式，便于调试和捕获错误
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        px.TaskSpec("download", cmd="curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh -o /tmp/linuxmirrors.sh", verbose=True),
-        px.TaskSpec("install", cmd="sudo bash /tmp/linuxmirrors.sh", verbose=True, depends_on=("download",)),
-    ])
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-"""Python 环境配置工具.
-
-用于设置 pip 镜像源, 支持清华和阿里云等国内镜像源,
-同时配置 UV 和 Conda 的镜像源.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 配置
-# ============================================================================
-
-PIP_INDEX_URLS: dict[str, str] = {
-    "tsinghua": "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple",
-    "aliyun": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/",
-}
-
-PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS: dict[str, str] = {
-    "tsinghua": "pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn",
-    "aliyun": "mirrors.aliyun.com",
-}
-
-UV_INDEX_URL: str = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
-UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR: str = "https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python-build-standalone"
-
-CONDA_MIRROR_URLS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
-    "tsinghua": [
-        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
-        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
-        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
-    ],
-    "aliyun": [
-        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
-        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
-        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
-    ],
-}
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def set_pip_mirror(mirror: str = "tsinghua", token: str | None = None) -> None:
-    """设置 pip 镜像源.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    mirror : str
-        镜像源名称: tsinghua, aliyun
-    token : str | None
-        PyPI token for publishing
-    """
-    index_url = PIP_INDEX_URLS.get(mirror, PIP_INDEX_URLS["tsinghua"])
-    trusted_host = PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS.get(mirror, "")
-
-    # 设置环境变量
-    os.environ["PIP_INDEX_URL"] = index_url
-    os.environ["UV_INDEX_URL"] = UV_INDEX_URL
-    os.environ["UV_DEFAULT_INDEX"] = UV_INDEX_URL
-    os.environ["UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR"] = UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR
-
-    # 写入 pip 配置文件
-    pip_dir = Path.home() / "pip"
-    pip_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    pip_conf = pip_dir / ("pip.ini" if Constants.IS_WINDOWS else "pip.conf")
-    pip_conf.write_text(f"[global]\nindex-url = {index_url}\n[install]\ntrusted-host = {trusted_host}\n")
-
-    # 写入 conda 配置文件
-    condarc = Path.home() / ".condarc"
-    conda_urls = CONDA_MIRROR_URLS.get(mirror, CONDA_MIRROR_URLS["tsinghua"])
-    condarc.write_text(
-        "show_channel_urls: true\nchannels:\n" + "\n".join(f"  - {url}" for url in conda_urls) + "\n  - defaults\n"
-    )
-
-    # 写入 pypirc 配置文件 (如果有 token)
-    if token:
-        pypirc = Path.home() / ".pypirc"
-        pypirc.write_text(
-            f"[pypi]\nrepository: https://upload.pypi.org/legacy/\nusername: __token__\npassword: {token}\n"
-        )
-
-    print(f"已设置 pip 镜像源: {mirror} ({index_url})")
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """Python 环境配置工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="EnvPy - Python 环境配置工具",
-        usage="envpy <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 设置镜像源命令
-    mirror_parser = subparsers.add_parser("mirror", help="设置 pip 镜像源")
-    mirror_parser.add_argument("name", choices=["tsinghua", "aliyun"], help="镜像源名称")
-    mirror_parser.add_argument("--token", type=str, help="PyPI token for publishing")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "mirror":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("set_pip_mirror", fn=set_pip_mirror, args=(args.name,), kwargs={"token": args.token})
-        ])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-"""PyQt 环境配置工具.
-
-用于设置 PyQt 相关环境变量, 安装依赖环境.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
-
-QT_LIBS: list[str] = [
-    "build-essential",
-    "libgl1",
-    "libegl1",
-    "libglib2.0-0",
-    "libfontconfig1",
-    "libfreetype6",
-    "libxkbcommon0",
-    "libdbus-1-3",
-    "libxcb-xinerama0",
-    "libxcb-icccm4",
-    "libxcb-image0",
-    "libxcb-keysyms1",
-    "libxcb-randr0",
-    "libxcb-render-util0",
-    "libxcb-shape0",
-    "libxcb-xfixes0",
-    "libxcb-cursor0",
-]
-
-CHINESE_FONTS: list[str] = [
-    "fonts-noto-cjk",
-    "fonts-wqy-microhei",
-    "fonts-wqy-zenhei",
-    "fonts-noto-color-emoji",
-]
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """PyQt 环境配置工具主函数."""
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-        [
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "envqt_install",
-                cmd=["sudo", "apt", "install", "-y", *QT_LIBS],
-                conditions=(lambda _: Constants.IS_LINUX,),
-                verbose=True,
-            ),
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "envqt_fonts",
-                cmd=["sudo", "apt", "install", "-y", *CHINESE_FONTS],
-                conditions=(lambda _: Constants.IS_LINUX,),
-                verbose=True,
-            ),
-        ],
-    )
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread", verbose=True)
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-"""Rust 环境配置工具.
-
-配置 Rustup 和 Cargo 的国内镜像源,
-加速 Rust 工具链和依赖包的下载.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import os
-import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, get_args
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 配置
-# ============================================================================
-
-RUSTUP_MIRRORS: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {
-    "aliyun": {
-        "RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup",
-        "RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup",
-        "TOML_REGISTRY": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/crates.io-index/",
-    },
-    "ustc": {
-        "RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER": "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static",
-        "RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT": "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup",
-        "TOML_REGISTRY": "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/",
-    },
-    "tsinghua": {
-        "RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup",
-        "RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup",
-        "TOML_REGISTRY": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/",
-    },
-}
-
-UsableRustVersion = Literal["stable", "nightly", "beta"]
-UsableMirror = Literal["aliyun", "ustc", "tsinghua"]
-
-DEFAULT_RUST_VERSION: UsableRustVersion = "stable"
-DEFAULT_MIRROR: UsableMirror = "tsinghua"
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def set_rust_mirror(mirror: UsableMirror = DEFAULT_MIRROR) -> None:
-    """设置 Rust 镜像源.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    mirror : str
-        镜像源名称: aliyun, ustc, tsinghua
-    """
-    mirror_dict = RUSTUP_MIRRORS.get(mirror, RUSTUP_MIRRORS[DEFAULT_MIRROR])
-    server = mirror_dict["RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER"]
-    update_root = mirror_dict["RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT"]
-    toml_registry = mirror_dict["TOML_REGISTRY"]
-
-    # 设置环境变量
-    os.environ["RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER"] = server
-    os.environ["RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT"] = update_root
-
-    # 写入 cargo 配置
-    cargo_dir = Path.home() / ".cargo"
-    cargo_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-    cargo_config = cargo_dir / "config.toml"
-    cargo_config.write_text(
-        f"""[source.crates-io]
-replace-with = '{mirror}'
-
-[source.{mirror}]
-registry = "sparse+{toml_registry}"
-
-[registries.{mirror}]
-index = "sparse+{toml_registry}"
-"""
-    )
-
-    print(f"已设置 Rust 镜像源: {mirror}")
-
-
-def install_rust(version: UsableRustVersion = DEFAULT_RUST_VERSION) -> None:
-    """安装 Rust 工具链.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    version : str
-        Rust 版本: stable, nightly, beta
-    """
-    try:
-        subprocess.run(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", version], check=True)
-        print(f"已安装 Rust {version}")
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        print("未找到 rustup，请先安装 Rust: https://rustup.rs")
-        raise
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """Rust 环境配置工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="EnvRs - Rust 环境配置工具",
-        usage="envrs <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 设置镜像源命令
-    mirror_parser = subparsers.add_parser("mirror", help="设置 Rust 镜像源")
-    mirror_parser.add_argument(
-        "name",
-        nargs="?",
-        default=DEFAULT_MIRROR,
-        choices=get_args(UsableMirror),
-        help=f"镜像源名称 ({get_args(UsableMirror)})",
-    )
-
-    # 安装 Rust 命令
-    install_parser = subparsers.add_parser("install", help="安装 Rust 工具链")
-    install_parser.add_argument(
-        "version",
-        nargs="?",
-        default=DEFAULT_RUST_VERSION,
-        choices=get_args(UsableRustVersion),
-        help=f"Rust 版本 ({get_args(UsableRustVersion)})",
-    )
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "mirror":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("set_rust_mirror", fn=set_rust_mirror, args=(args.name,), verbose=True)
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "install":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("install_rust", cmd=["rustup", "toolchain", "install", args.version], verbose=True)
-        ])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread", verbose=True)
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-"""Git 工具模块.
-
-提供 Git 仓库管理的常用操作封装,
-支持初始化、提交、清理、推送等功能.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-EXCLUDE_DIRS = [
-    # 编辑器相关目录
-    ".vscode",
-    ".idea",
-    ".editorconfig",
-    ".trae",
-    ".qoder",
-    # 项目相关目录
-    ".venv",
-    ".git",
-    ".tox",
-    ".pytest_cache",
-    "node_modules",
-    ".ruff_cache",
-]
-EXCLUDE_CMDS = [arg for d in EXCLUDE_DIRS for arg in ["-e", d]]
-
-
-def init_sub_dirs() -> None:
-    """初始化子目录的Git仓库."""
-    sub_dirs = [subdir for subdir in Path.cwd().iterdir() if subdir.is_dir()]
-    for subdir in sub_dirs:
-        px.run(
-            px.Graph.from_specs([
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "init",
-                    cmd=["git", "init"],
-                    conditions=(lambda _: not_has_git_repo(),),
-                    cwd=subdir,
-                ),
-                px.TaskSpec("add", cmd=["git", "add", "."], depends_on=("init",)),
-                px.TaskSpec("commit", cmd=["git", "commit", "-m", "init commit"], depends_on=("add",)),
-            ]),
-        )
-
-
-isub: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("isub", fn=init_sub_dirs)
-push: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("push", cmd=["git", "push"])
-pull: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("pull", cmd=["git", "pull"])
-kill_tgit: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("task_kill", cmd=["taskkill", "/f", "/t", "/im", "tgitcache.exe"])
-
-
-def not_has_git_repo() -> bool:
-    """检查当前目录没有Git仓库."""
-    return not Path.cwd().exists() or not (Path.cwd() / ".git").is_dir()
-
-
-def has_files() -> bool:
-    """检查当前目录是否有文件."""
-    return bool(list(Path.cwd().glob("*")))
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """Git工具主函数."""
-    runner = px.CliRunner(
-        strategy="thread",
-        description="Gittool - Git 执行工具.",
-        graphs={
-            # 添加并提交
-            "a": px.Graph.from_specs([
-                px.TaskSpec("add", cmd=["git", "add", "."], conditions=(lambda _: has_files(),)),
-                px.TaskSpec("commit", cmd=["git", "commit", "-m", "chore: update"], depends_on=("add",)),
-            ]),
-            # 清理
-            "c": px.Graph.from_specs([
-                px.TaskSpec("clean", cmd=["git", "clean", "-xfd", *EXCLUDE_CMDS]),
-                px.TaskSpec("status", cmd=["git", "status", "--porcelain"], depends_on=("clean",)),
-            ]),
-            # 初始化、添加并提交
-            "i": px.Graph.from_specs([
-                px.TaskSpec("init", cmd=["git", "init"], conditions=(lambda _: not_has_git_repo(),)),
-                px.TaskSpec("add", cmd=["git", "add", "."], depends_on=("init",), conditions=(lambda _: has_files(),)),
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "commit",
-                    cmd=["git", "commit", "-m", "init commit"],
-                    depends_on=("add",),
-                    conditions=(lambda _: has_files(),),
-                ),
-            ]),
-            # 初始化子目录
-            "isub": px.Graph.from_specs([isub]),
-            # 推送
-            "p": px.Graph.from_specs([push]),
-            # 拉取
-            "pl": px.Graph.from_specs([pull]),
-            # 重启TGit缓存
-            "r": px.Graph.from_specs([kill_tgit]),
-        },
-    )
-    runner.run_cli()
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-"""Download from ModelScopeHub."""
-
-import argparse
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Literal, get_args
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-DownloadType = Literal["model", "dataset", "space"]
-
-
-def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Download a model from ModelScopeHub.")
-    parser.add_argument("name", help="Target name.")
-    parser.add_argument("--type", "-t", nargs="?", default="model", choices=get_args(DownloadType), help="Target type.")
-    parser.add_argument("--dir", default=None, help="Download directory.")
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if not args.name:
-        parser.error("name is required")
-
-    download_dir: Path = Path(args.dir) if args.dir else Path.home() / ".models" / args.name.split("/")[-1]
-    download_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            name="download",
-            cmd=[
-                "uvx",
-                "modelscope",
-                "download",
-                f"--{args.type}",
-                args.name,
-                "--local_dir",
-                str(download_dir),
-            ],
-            verbose=True,
-        ),
-    ])
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread", verbose=True)
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-"""使用 SGLang 运行本地模型."""
-
-import argparse
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.conditions import BuiltinConditions, Constants
-
-
-def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="启动 SGLang 服务")
-    parser.add_argument("--model", default="~/.models/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct-AWQ", help="模型路径")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=8000, help="服务端口")
-    parser.add_argument("--ctx-len", type=int, default=28672, help="最大上下文长度")
-    parser.add_argument("--mem", type=float, default=0.75, help="显存占比 (0-1)")
-    parser.add_argument("--host", default="0.0.0.0", help="主机地址")
-    parser.add_argument("--log-level", default="info", help="日志级别")
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if not args.model:
-        parser.error("model is required")
-
-    model_dir = Path(args.model).expanduser()
-    if not model_dir.exists():
-        parser.error(f"Model directory {model_dir} does not exist.")
-
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            name="download",
-            cmd=[
-                "uv",
-                "install",
-                "sglang[all]",
-            ],
-            conditions=(BuiltinConditions.NOT(BuiltinConditions.HAS_INSTALLED("sglang")),),
-            verbose=True,
-        ),
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            name="run",
-            cmd=[
-                "python" if Constants.IS_WINDOWS else "python3",
-                "-m",
-                "sglang.launch_server",
-                "--model-path",
-                str(model_dir),
-                "--host",
-                str(args.host),
-                "--port",
-                "8000",
-                "--mem-fraction-static",
-                str(args.mem),
-                "--context-length",
-                "32768",
-                "--tool-call-parser",
-                "qwen",
-                "--log-level",
-                str(args.log_level),
-            ],
-            verbose=True,
-        ),
-    ])
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="sequential", verbose=True)
@@ -1,523 +0,0 @@
-"""PDF 工具模块.
-
-提供 PDF 文件操作的常用功能封装,
-支持合并、拆分、压缩、加密、水印、OCR等功能.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-try:
-    import fitz  # PyMuPDF
-
-    HAS_PYMUPDF = True
-except ImportError:
-    HAS_PYMUPDF = False
-
-try:
-    import pypdf
-
-    HAS_PYPDF = True
-except ImportError:
-    HAS_PYPDF = False
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 配置
-# ============================================================================
-
-PDF_SUFFIX = ".pdf"
-DEFAULT_QUALITY = 75
-DEFAULT_PASSWORD = ""
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def pdf_merge(input_paths: list[Path], output_path: Path) -> None:
-    """合并多个 PDF 文件."""
-    if not HAS_PYPDF:
-        print("未安装 pypdf 库，请安装: pip install pypdf")
-        return
-
-    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
-    for input_path in input_paths:
-        if input_path.exists():
-            reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
-            for page in reader.pages:
-                writer.add_page(page)
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
-        writer.write(f)
-
-    print(f"合并完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_split(input_path: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
-    """拆分 PDF 文件为单页."""
-    if not HAS_PYPDF:
-        print("未安装 pypdf 库，请安装: pip install pypdf")
-        return
-
-    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
-    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
-        writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
-        writer.add_page(page)
-        output_file = output_dir / f"{input_path.stem}_page_{i + 1}.pdf"
-        with open(output_file, "wb") as f:
-            writer.write(f)
-
-    print(f"拆分完成: {output_dir}")
-
-
-def pdf_compress(input_path: Path, output_path: Path) -> None:
-    """压缩 PDF 文件."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    doc.save(str(output_path), garbage=4, deflate=True, clean=True)
-    doc.close()
-
-    original_size = input_path.stat().st_size
-    new_size = output_path.stat().st_size
-    ratio = (1 - new_size / original_size) * 100
-    print(f"压缩完成: {output_path} (缩小 {ratio:.1f}%)")
-
-
-def pdf_encrypt(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, password: str) -> None:
-    """加密 PDF 文件."""
-    if not HAS_PYPDF:
-        print("未安装 pypdf 库，请安装: pip install pypdf")
-        return
-
-    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
-    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
-
-    for page in reader.pages:
-        writer.add_page(page)
-
-    writer.encrypt(user_password=password, owner_password=password, use_128bit=True)
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
-        writer.write(f)
-
-    print(f"加密完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_decrypt(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, password: str) -> None:
-    """解密 PDF 文件."""
-    if not HAS_PYPDF:
-        print("未安装 pypdf 库，请安装: pip install pypdf")
-        return
-
-    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
-    if reader.is_encrypted:
-        reader.decrypt(password)
-
-    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
-    for page in reader.pages:
-        writer.add_page(page)
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
-        writer.write(f)
-
-    print(f"解密完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_extract_text(input_path: Path, output_path: Path) -> None:
-    """提取 PDF 文本."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    text = ""
-    for page in doc:
-        text += str(page.get_text()) + "\n\n"
-    doc.close()
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    output_path.write_text(text, encoding="utf-8")
-    print(f"文本提取完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_extract_images(input_path: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
-    """提取 PDF 图片."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    image_count = 0
-    # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
-    for page_num, page in enumerate(doc):
-        images = page.get_images(full=True)
-        for img_idx, img in enumerate(images):
-            xref = img[0]
-            base_image = doc.extract_image(xref)
-            image_data = base_image["image"]
-            image_ext = base_image["ext"]
-            image_path = output_dir / f"page_{page_num + 1}_img_{img_idx + 1}.{image_ext}"
-            image_path.write_bytes(image_data)
-            image_count += 1
-
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"图片提取完成: {output_dir} (共 {image_count} 张)")
-
-
-def pdf_add_watermark(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, text: str = "CONFIDENTIAL") -> None:
-    """添加 PDF 水印."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    for page in doc:
-        rect = page.rect
-        text_width = fitz.get_text_length(text, fontsize=48)
-        x = (rect.width - text_width) / 2
-        y = rect.height / 2
-        page.insert_text((x, y), text, fontsize=48, rotate=45, color=(0, 0, 0))
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    doc.save(str(output_path))
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"水印添加完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_rotate(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, rotation: int = 90) -> None:
-    """旋转 PDF 页面."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    for page in doc:
-        page.set_rotation(rotation)
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    doc.save(str(output_path))
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"旋转完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_crop(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, margins: tuple[int, int, int, int]) -> None:
-    """裁剪 PDF 页面."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    left, top, right, bottom = margins
-
-    for page in doc:
-        rect = page.rect
-        new_rect = fitz.Rect(
-            rect.x0 + left,
-            rect.y0 + top,
-            rect.x1 - right,
-            rect.y1 - bottom,
-        )
-        page.set_cropbox(new_rect)
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    doc.save(str(output_path))
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"裁剪完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_info(input_path: Path) -> None:
-    """显示 PDF 信息."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    print(f"文件: {input_path}")
-    print(f"页数: {doc.page_count}")
-    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
-    print(f"标题: {doc.metadata.get('title', 'N/A')}")
-    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
-    print(f"作者: {doc.metadata.get('author', 'N/A')}")
-    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
-    print(f"创建日期: {doc.metadata.get('creationDate', 'N/A')}")
-    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
-    print(f"修改日期: {doc.metadata.get('modDate', 'N/A')}")
-    print(f"文件大小: {input_path.stat().st_size / 1024:.1f} KB")
-    doc.close()
-
-
-def pdf_ocr(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, lang: str = "chi_sim+eng") -> None:
-    """PDF OCR 识别."""
-    try:
-        import pytesseract
-        from PIL import Image
-    except ImportError:
-        print("未安装 OCR 相关库，请安装: pip install pytesseract pillow")
-        return
-
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    new_doc = fitz.open()
-
-    for page in doc:
-        pix = page.get_pixmap()
-        img = Image.frombytes("RGB", (pix.width, pix.height), pix.samples)
-        ocr_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(img, lang=lang)
-
-        new_page = new_doc.new_page(width=page.rect.width, height=page.rect.height)
-        new_page.insert_image(new_page.rect, pixmap=pix)
-        text_rect = fitz.Rect(0, 0, page.rect.width, page.rect.height)
-        # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
-        new_page.insert_textbox(text_rect, ocr_text)
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    new_doc.save(str(output_path))
-    new_doc.close()
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"OCR 识别完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_reorder(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, order: list[int]) -> None:
-    """重排 PDF 页面顺序."""
-    if not HAS_PYPDF:
-        print("未安装 pypdf 库，请安装: pip install pypdf")
-        return
-
-    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
-    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
-
-    for page_num in order:
-        if 0 <= page_num < len(reader.pages):
-            writer.add_page(reader.pages[page_num])
-
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
-        writer.write(f)
-
-    print(f"重排完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-def pdf_to_images(input_path: Path, output_dir: Path, dpi: int = 300) -> None:
-    """PDF 转图片."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
-    for page_num, page in enumerate(doc):
-        pix = page.get_pixmap(dpi=dpi)
-        image_path = output_dir / f"{input_path.stem}_page_{page_num + 1}.png"
-        pix.save(str(image_path))
-
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"转换完成: {output_dir}")
-
-
-def pdf_repair(input_path: Path, output_path: Path) -> None:
-    """修复 PDF 文件."""
-    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
-        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库，请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
-        return
-
-    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
-    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    doc.save(str(output_path), garbage=4, deflate=True, clean=True)
-    doc.close()
-    print(f"修复完成: {output_path}")
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:  # noqa: PLR0912
-    """PDF 工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="PDFTool - PDF 文件工具集",
-        usage="pdftool <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 合并 PDF 命令
-    merge_parser = subparsers.add_parser("m", help="合并 PDF 文件")
-    merge_parser.add_argument("inputs", nargs="+", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    merge_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="merged.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-
-    # 拆分 PDF 命令
-    split_parser = subparsers.add_parser("s", help="拆分 PDF 文件为单页")
-    split_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    split_parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=str, default="split", help="输出目录")
-
-    # 压缩 PDF 命令
-    compress_parser = subparsers.add_parser("c", help="压缩 PDF 文件")
-    compress_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    compress_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="compressed.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-
-    # 加密 PDF 命令
-    encrypt_parser = subparsers.add_parser("e", help="加密 PDF 文件")
-    encrypt_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    encrypt_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="encrypted.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-    encrypt_parser.add_argument("--password", type=str, required=True, help="密码")
-
-    # 解密 PDF 命令
-    decrypt_parser = subparsers.add_parser("d", help="解密 PDF 文件")
-    decrypt_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    decrypt_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="decrypted.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-    decrypt_parser.add_argument("--password", type=str, required=True, help="密码")
-
-    # 提取文本命令
-    extract_text_parser = subparsers.add_parser("xt", help="提取 PDF 文本")
-    extract_text_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    extract_text_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="output.txt", help="输出文件路径")
-
-    # 提取图片命令
-    extract_images_parser = subparsers.add_parser("xi", help="提取 PDF 图片")
-    extract_images_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    extract_images_parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=str, default="images", help="输出目录")
-
-    # 添加水印命令
-    watermark_parser = subparsers.add_parser("w", help="添加 PDF 水印")
-    watermark_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    watermark_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="watermarked.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-    watermark_parser.add_argument("--text", type=str, default="CONFIDENTIAL", help="水印文本")
-
-    # 旋转 PDF 命令
-    rotate_parser = subparsers.add_parser("r", help="旋转 PDF 页面")
-    rotate_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    rotate_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="rotated.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-    rotate_parser.add_argument("--rotation", type=int, default=90, help="旋转角度 (90, 180, 270)")
-
-    # 裁剪 PDF 命令
-    crop_parser = subparsers.add_parser("crop", help="裁剪 PDF 页面")
-    crop_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    crop_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="cropped.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-    crop_parser.add_argument("--left", type=int, default=10, help="左边裁剪")
-    crop_parser.add_argument("--top", type=int, default=10, help="顶部裁剪")
-    crop_parser.add_argument("--right", type=int, default=10, help="右边裁剪")
-    crop_parser.add_argument("--bottom", type=int, default=10, help="底部裁剪")
-
-    # 显示信息命令
-    info_parser = subparsers.add_parser("i", help="显示 PDF 信息")
-    info_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-
-    # OCR 识别命令
-    ocr_parser = subparsers.add_parser("ocr", help="PDF OCR 识别")
-    ocr_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    ocr_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="ocr.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-    ocr_parser.add_argument("--lang", type=str, default="chi_sim+eng", help="OCR 语言")
-
-    # 转换图片命令
-    to_images_parser = subparsers.add_parser("img", help="PDF 转图片")
-    to_images_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    to_images_parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=str, default="images", help="输出目录")
-    to_images_parser.add_argument("--dpi", type=int, default=300, help="图片 DPI")
-
-    # 修复 PDF 命令
-    repair_parser = subparsers.add_parser("repair", help="修复 PDF 文件")
-    repair_parser.add_argument("input", help="输入 PDF 文件路径")
-    repair_parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default="repaired.pdf", help="输出文件路径")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "m":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_merge", fn=pdf_merge, args=([Path(p) for p in args.inputs], Path(args.output)))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "s":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_split", fn=pdf_split, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output_dir)))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "c":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_compress", fn=pdf_compress, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "e":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_encrypt", fn=pdf_encrypt, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output), args.password))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "d":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_decrypt", fn=pdf_decrypt, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output), args.password))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "xt":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_extract_text", fn=pdf_extract_text, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "xi":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_extract_images", fn=pdf_extract_images, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output_dir)))
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "w":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "pdf_watermark",
-                fn=pdf_add_watermark,
-                args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)),
-                kwargs={"text": args.text},
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "r":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "pdf_rotate",
-                fn=pdf_rotate,
-                args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)),
-                kwargs={"rotation": args.rotation},
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "crop":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "pdf_crop",
-                fn=pdf_crop,
-                args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)),
-                kwargs={"margins": (args.left, args.top, args.right, args.bottom)},
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "i":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("pdf_info", fn=pdf_info, args=(Path(args.input),))])
-    elif args.command == "ocr":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_ocr", fn=pdf_ocr, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)), kwargs={"lang": args.lang})
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "img":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "pdf_to_images",
-                fn=pdf_to_images,
-                args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output_dir)),
-                kwargs={"dpi": args.dpi},
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "repair":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pdf_repair", fn=pdf_repair, args=(Path(args.input), Path(args.output)))
-        ])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+"""PyFlowX 统一 CLI 入口.
+
+通过 ``pf <tool> [command] [options]`` 调用所有工具,
+工具定义在 ``pyflowx.ops`` 子包中, 每个模块用 ``@px.tool`` 装饰器注册.
+
+用法
+----
+    pf                    # 列出所有可用工具
+    pf filedate           # 查看 filedate 工具帮助
+    pf filedate add a.txt # 调用 filedate 的 add 子命令
+    pf pymake b           # 调用 pymake 的 b 别名
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import importlib
+import sys
+from typing import Sequence
+
+from pyflowx.tools import _TOOL_REGISTRY, run_tool
+
+
+class PfApp:
+    """pf 统一入口应用.
+
+    路由 ``pf <tool> [command]`` 到 ``@px.tool`` 注册的工具或传统 Python 工具.
+    """
+
+    # 工具名到 ops 模块名的映射 (支持短别名)
+    _TOOL_ALIASES: dict[str, str] = {
+        "autofmt": "autofmt",
+        "af": "autofmt",
+        "bump": "bumpversion",
+        "bumpversion": "bumpversion",
+        "bv": "bumpversion",
+        "clr": "clr",
+        "clearscreen": "clr",
+        "dockercmd": "dockercmd",
+        "docker": "dockercmd",
+        "envdev": "envdev",
+        "env": "envdev",
+        "filedate": "filedate",
+        "fd": "filedate",
+        "filelevel": "filelevel",
+        "fl": "filelevel",
+        "folderback": "folderback",
+        "foldback": "folderback",
+        "fb": "folderback",
+        "folderzip": "folderzip",
+        "foldzip": "folderzip",
+        "fz": "folderzip",
+        "git": "gittool",
+        "gitt": "gittool",
+        "gittool": "gittool",
+        "gt": "gittool",
+        "ls": "lscalc",
+        "lscalc": "lscalc",
+        "msdown": "msdownload",
+        "msdownload": "msdownload",
+        "msd": "msdownload",
+        "pack": "packtool",
+        "packtool": "packtool",
+        "pk": "packtool",
+        "pdf": "pdftool",
+        "pdftool": "pdftool",
+        "pt": "pdftool",
+        "pip": "piptool",
+        "pymake": "pymake",
+        "piptool": "piptool",
+        "pp": "piptool",
+        "reseticon": "reseticoncache",
+        "reseticoncache": "reseticoncache",
+        "ric": "reseticoncache",
+        "screenshot": "screenshot",
+        "scrcap": "screenshot",
+        "ss": "screenshot",
+        "sglang": "sglang",
+        "sg": "sglang",
+        "ssh": "sshcopyid",
+        "sshcopy": "sshcopyid",
+        "sshcopyid": "sshcopyid",
+        "sc": "sshcopyid",
+        "taskk": "taskkill",
+        "taskkill": "taskkill",
+        "tk": "taskkill",
+        "wch": "which",
+        "which": "which",
+    }
+
+    # 传统工具: 有自己的 main() 函数 (无法 @px.tool 化的复杂逻辑)
+    _LEGACY_TOOLS: dict[str, str] = {
+        "emlman": "pyflowx.cli.emlmanager:main",
+        "profiler": "pyflowx.cli.profiler:main",
+        "pxp": "pyflowx.cli.profiler:main",
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, argv: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> None:
+        self._argv = list(argv) if argv is not None else sys.argv[1:]
+
+    def run(self) -> int:
+        """主入口, 返回退出码."""
+        if not self._argv:
+            self._list_tools()
+            return 0
+
+        tool_name = self._argv[0]
+        rest_argv = self._argv[1:]
+
+        resolved = self._resolve_tool(tool_name)
+        if resolved is None:
+            print(f"错误: 未知工具 '{tool_name}'", file=sys.stderr)
+            print("运行 'pf' 查看可用工具列表", file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+        tool_type, target = resolved
+        if tool_type == "legacy":
+            return self._run_legacy(target, rest_argv)
+        return self._run_tool(target, rest_argv)
+
+    def _list_tools(self) -> None:
+        """列出所有可用工具."""
+        print("PyFlowX 工具列表:")
+        print()
+        print("@px.tool 工具:")
+        yaml_tools = sorted(set(self._TOOL_ALIASES.values()))
+        for tool in yaml_tools:
+            description = self._tool_description(tool)
+            if description:
+                print(f"  pf {tool:<15} - {description}")
+            else:
+                print(f"  pf {tool:<15}")
+        print()
+        print("传统工具:")
+        for tool in sorted(self._LEGACY_TOOLS):
+            print(f"  pf {tool:<15}")
+        print()
+        print("示例:")
+        print("  pf filedate add a.txt")
+        print("  pf pymake b")
+
+    def _tool_description(self, tool_name: str) -> str:
+        """获取工具描述 (从 _TOOL_REGISTRY 中已注册 ToolSpec 的 description/help)."""
+        # 触发 @px.tool 注册
+        with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
+            importlib.import_module(f"pyflowx.ops.{tool_name}")
+
+        if tool_name not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+            return ""
+
+        subs = _TOOL_REGISTRY[tool_name]
+        # 优先取 description, 否则取任一 subcommand 的 help
+        for spec in subs.values():
+            if spec.description:
+                return spec.description
+        # 取第一个非 hidden subcommand 的 help
+        for spec in subs.values():
+            if not spec.hidden and spec.help:
+                return spec.help
+        return ""
+
+    def _resolve_tool(self, name: str) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        """解析工具名, 返回 (类型, 目标).
+
+        类型: "tool" 或 "legacy"
+        目标: ops 模块名或 legacy 模块路径
+        """
+        if name in self._TOOL_ALIASES:
+            return ("tool", self._TOOL_ALIASES[name])
+        if name in self._LEGACY_TOOLS:
+            return ("legacy", self._LEGACY_TOOLS[name])
+        return None
+
+    def _run_legacy(self, module_path: str, argv: list[str]) -> int:
+        """运行传统工具的 main() 函数."""
+        module_name, func_name = module_path.split(":", 1)
+        module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
+        func = getattr(module, func_name)
+
+        original_argv = sys.argv
+        sys.argv = [f"pf {module_name.split('.')[-1]}", *argv]
+        try:
+            func()
+            return 0
+        except SystemExit as e:
+            return int(e.code) if e.code is not None else 0
+        finally:
+            sys.argv = original_argv
+
+    def _run_tool(self, target: str, argv: list[str]) -> int:
+        """运行 @px.tool 工具.
+
+        导入 ``pyflowx.ops.<target>`` 触发 ``@px.tool`` 注册, 然后调用 ``run_tool``.
+        """
+        with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
+            importlib.import_module(f"pyflowx.ops.{target}")
+
+        if target not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+            print(f"错误: 未找到工具 '{target}'", file=sys.stderr)
+            print("运行 'pf' 查看可用工具列表", file=sys.stderr)
+            return 1
+
+        return run_tool(target, argv)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """pf 统一入口主函数."""
+    sys.exit(PfApp().run())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-"""pip 包管理工具模块.
-
-提供 pip 包管理操作的封装,
-支持安装、卸载、下载等功能.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-import fnmatch
-import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 配置
-# ============================================================================
-
-PACKAGE_DIR = "packages"
-REQUIREMENTS_FILE = "requirements.txt"
-
-# 受保护的包名集合
-_PROTECTED_PACKAGES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
-    "pyflowx",
-    "bitool",
-})
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def _get_installed_packages() -> list[str]:
-    """获取当前环境中所有已安装的包名."""
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            ["pip", "list", "--format=freeze"],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            check=True,
-        )
-        packages: list[str] = []
-        for line in result.stdout.strip().split("\n"):
-            if line and "==" in line:
-                pkg_name = line.split("==")[0].strip()
-                packages.append(pkg_name)
-    except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError):
-        return []
-    return packages
-
-
-def _expand_wildcard_packages(pattern: str) -> list[str]:
-    """展开通配符模式为实际的包名列表."""
-    if not any(char in pattern for char in ["*", "?", "[", "]"]):
-        return [pattern]
-
-    installed_packages = _get_installed_packages()
-    matched = [pkg for pkg in installed_packages if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(pkg.lower(), pattern.lower())]
-    return matched
-
-
-def _filter_protected_packages(packages: list[str]) -> list[str]:
-    """过滤掉受保护的包名."""
-    safe = [p for p in packages if p.lower() not in {p.lower() for p in _PROTECTED_PACKAGES}]
-    filtered = [p for p in packages if p.lower() in {p.lower() for p in _PROTECTED_PACKAGES}]
-    if filtered:
-        print(f"跳过受保护的包: {', '.join(filtered)}")
-    return safe
-
-
-def pip_uninstall(pkg_names: list[str]) -> None:
-    """卸载包."""
-    packages_to_uninstall: list[str] = []
-    for pattern in pkg_names:
-        packages_to_uninstall.extend(_expand_wildcard_packages(pattern))
-
-    packages_to_uninstall = _filter_protected_packages(packages_to_uninstall)
-
-    if not packages_to_uninstall:
-        return
-
-    subprocess.run(["pip", "uninstall", "-y", *packages_to_uninstall], check=True)
-
-
-def pip_reinstall(pkg_names: list[str], offline: bool = False) -> None:
-    """重新安装包."""
-    safe_pkgs = _filter_protected_packages(pkg_names)
-    if not safe_pkgs:
-        print("所有指定的包均为受保护包, 跳过重装")
-        return
-
-    subprocess.run(["pip", "uninstall", "-y", *safe_pkgs], check=True)
-
-    options = ["--no-index", "--find-links", "."] if offline else []
-    subprocess.run(["pip", "install", *options, *safe_pkgs], check=True)
-
-
-def pip_download(pkg_names: list[str], offline: bool = False) -> None:
-    """下载包."""
-    options = ["--no-index", "--find-links", "."] if offline else []
-    subprocess.run(
-        ["pip", "download", *pkg_names, *options, "-d", PACKAGE_DIR],
-        check=True,
-    )
-
-
-def pip_freeze() -> None:
-    """冻结依赖."""
-    result = subprocess.run(
-        ["pip", "freeze", "--exclude-editable"],
-        capture_output=True,
-        text=True,
-        check=True,
-    )
-    Path(REQUIREMENTS_FILE).write_text(result.stdout)
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """pip 工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="PipTool - pip 包管理工具",
-        usage="piptool <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 安装命令
-    install_parser = subparsers.add_parser("i", help="安装包")
-    install_parser.add_argument("packages", nargs="+", help="要安装的包名")
-
-    # 卸载命令
-    uninstall_parser = subparsers.add_parser("u", help="卸载包")
-    uninstall_parser.add_argument("packages", nargs="+", help="要卸载的包名 (支持通配符)")
-
-    # 重装命令
-    reinstall_parser = subparsers.add_parser("r", help="重新安装包")
-    reinstall_parser.add_argument("packages", nargs="+", help="要重装的包名")
-    reinstall_parser.add_argument("--offline", action="store_true", help="使用离线模式")
-
-    # 下载命令
-    download_parser = subparsers.add_parser("d", help="下载包")
-    download_parser.add_argument("packages", nargs="+", help="要下载的包名")
-    download_parser.add_argument("--offline", action="store_true", help="使用离线模式")
-
-    # 升级 pip 命令
-    subparsers.add_parser("up", help="升级 pip")
-
-    # 冻结依赖命令
-    subparsers.add_parser("f", help="冻结依赖到 requirements.txt")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "i":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("pip_install", cmd=["pip", "install", *args.packages], verbose=True)])
-    elif args.command == "u":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pip_uninstall", fn=pip_uninstall, args=(args.packages,), verbose=True)
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "r":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "pip_reinstall",
-                fn=pip_reinstall,
-                args=(args.packages,),
-                kwargs={"offline": args.offline},
-                verbose=True,
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "d":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "pip_download",
-                fn=pip_download,
-                args=(args.packages,),
-                kwargs={"offline": args.offline},
-                verbose=True,
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "up":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("pip_upgrade", cmd=["python", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "pip"], verbose=True)
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "f":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("pip_freeze", fn=pip_freeze, verbose=True)])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+"""pxp —— PyFlowX 性能分析器.
+
+分析包含 ``px`` 调用的 Python 脚本，生成工作流执行性能剖面报告。
+
+工作原理
+--------
+1. 注入 hook：monkey-patch ``pyflowx.run`` / ``pyflowx.executors.run`` /
+   ``pyflowx.runner.run``，捕获最后一次执行的 ``Graph`` 与 ``RunReport``。
+2. 执行目标脚本：用 ``runpy.run_path`` 以 ``__main__`` 身份执行，
+   捕获 ``SystemExit``（脚本可能调 ``sys.exit``）。
+3. 生成报告：从捕获的 report + graph 构建 :class:`ProfileReport`，
+   默认输出 HTML 并自动打开浏览器。
+
+使用方式
+--------
+    # 分析 pymake.py，生成 HTML 报告并打开浏览器
+    pxp pymake.py
+
+    # 传递参数给被分析脚本（用 -- 分隔）
+    pxp pymake.py -- t
+
+    # 指定输出文件
+    pxp pymake.py -o report.html
+
+    # 不打开浏览器
+    pxp pymake.py --no-browser
+
+    # 输出纯文本报告
+    pxp pymake.py -E text
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = ["main"]
+
+import argparse
+import runpy
+import sys
+import webbrowser
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+from .. import executors as _executors
+from .. import runner as _runner
+from ..profiling import ProfileReport
+from ..report import RunReport
+
+
+def _build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    """构建参数解析器。"""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="pxp",
+        description="PyFlowX 性能分析器：分析包含 px 调用的脚本，生成性能剖面报告。",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog=(
+            "示例:\n"
+            "  pxp pymake.py              # 分析并打开 HTML 报告\n"
+            "  pxp pymake.py -- t         # 传递参数 t 给脚本\n"
+            "  pxp pymake.py -E text      # 输出纯文本报告\n"
+            "  pxp pymake.py -o out.html  # 指定输出文件\n"
+        ),
+    )
+    _ = parser.add_argument(
+        "--export",
+        "-E",
+        choices=["html", "text"],
+        default="html",
+        help="导出格式（默认: html）",
+    )
+    _ = parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-browser",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="不自动打开浏览器（仅 HTML 格式有效）",
+    )
+    _ = parser.add_argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--output",
+        help="输出文件路径（默认: <script>_profile.html）",
+    )
+    return parser
+
+
+def _capture_px_run() -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """注入 hook 捕获 px.run() 调用。
+
+    返回一个字典，``run()`` 执行后填充 ``graph`` 与 ``report``。
+    同时返回还原函数用于 finally 块。
+
+    Note
+    -----
+    需同时 patch 三处引用：
+    * ``pyflowx.executors.run`` —— 实际实现
+    * ``pyflowx.runner.run`` —— ``CliRunner`` 直接 import 的引用
+    * ``pyflowx.run`` —— 顶层包导出的引用（用户脚本常用 ``px.run()``）
+
+    另外 patch ``RunReport.__init__`` 以捕获 ``run()`` 内部创建的 report 实例。
+    这对于 ``run()`` 抛出 ``TaskFailedError`` 的场景至关重要：此时 ``run()``
+    不会正常返回 report，但 report 对象已在内部创建并填充了已执行任务的结果。
+    通过 ``capture_enabled`` 标志确保只在 ``patched_run`` 调用期间捕获。
+    """
+    captured: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    original_exec_run = _executors.run
+    original_runner_run = _runner.run
+    # 惰性获取顶层 pyflowx.run 引用（避免循环导入）
+    import pyflowx as px_mod
+
+    original_px_run = px_mod.run
+    original_report_init = RunReport.__init__
+    capture_enabled = [False]
+
+    def patched_report_init(self: RunReport, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        original_report_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        if capture_enabled[0]:
+            captured["report"] = self
+
+    RunReport.__init__ = patched_report_init  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def patched_run(graph: Any, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> RunReport:
+        captured["graph"] = graph
+        capture_enabled[0] = True
+        try:
+            report = original_exec_run(graph, *args, **kwargs)
+            # 正常返回时确保 captured["report"] 是返回的 report
+            captured["report"] = report
+            return report
+        finally:
+            capture_enabled[0] = False
+
+    # patch 所有引用 run 的入口
+    _executors.run = patched_run  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    _runner.run = patched_run  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    px_mod.run = patched_run  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    def _restore() -> None:
+        _executors.run = original_exec_run  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        _runner.run = original_runner_run  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        px_mod.run = original_px_run  # type: ignore[assignment]
+        RunReport.__init__ = original_report_init  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    captured["_restore"] = _restore
+    return captured
+
+
+def _run_target_script(script: Path, script_args: list[str]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """执行目标脚本。
+
+    将脚本所在目录加入 ``sys.path``，设置 ``sys.argv``，然后用
+    ``runpy.run_path`` 以 ``__main__`` 身份执行。捕获 ``SystemExit``。
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, Any]
+        脚本模块的全局变量字典（含 ``main`` 等定义）。
+    """
+    sys.argv = [str(script), *script_args]
+    script_dir = str(script.parent.resolve())
+    if script_dir not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.insert(0, script_dir)
+    return runpy.run_path(str(script), run_name="__main__")
+
+
+def _try_call_main(module_globals: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """若模块定义了 ``main`` 可调用对象，调用它。
+
+    用于脚本无 ``if __name__ == "__main__"`` 块的场景（如通过 entry points
+    注册的 CLI 工具脚本）。``main`` 通常调用 ``CliRunner.run_cli()``，
+    后者读取 ``sys.argv[1:]`` 执行对应命令。
+    """
+    main_fn = module_globals.get("main")
+    if callable(main_fn):
+        main_fn()
+
+
+def _output_report(
+    profile: ProfileReport,
+    export: str,
+    output: str | None,
+    script_stem: str,
+    no_browser: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """输出性能报告。"""
+    if export == "text":
+        print(profile.describe())
+        return
+
+    # HTML 格式
+    html = profile.to_html()
+    if output:
+        out_path = Path(output)
+    else:
+        out_path = Path.cwd() / f"{script_stem}_profile.html"
+    out_path.write_text(html, encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"HTML 报告已生成: {out_path}")
+
+    if not no_browser:
+        try:
+            webbrowser.open(f"file://{out_path.resolve()}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"警告：无法打开浏览器: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """pxp CLI 入口。"""
+    parser = _build_parser()
+    pxp_args, remaining = parser.parse_known_args()
+
+    if not remaining:
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    script_str = remaining[0]
+    script_args = remaining[1:]
+    script_path = Path(script_str).resolve()
+
+    if not script_path.is_file():
+        print(f"错误：脚本不存在: {script_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+    # 注入 hook
+    captured = _capture_px_run()
+
+    # 执行目标脚本
+    print(f"正在分析: {script_path}")
+    if script_args:
+        print(f"脚本参数: {script_args}")
+    print("-" * 60)
+
+    module_globals: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    try:
+        module_globals = _run_target_script(script_path, script_args)
+    except SystemExit:
+        # 脚本调用了 sys.exit，正常情况
+        pass
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"警告：脚本执行抛出异常: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # 若脚本执行未捕获到 run()，尝试调用模块的 main() 函数
+    # （适用于无 ``if __name__ == "__main__"`` 块的 CLI 脚本）
+    if captured.get("report") is None and module_globals:
+        try:
+            _try_call_main(module_globals)
+        except SystemExit:
+            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"警告：调用 main() 抛出异常: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # 还原 hook
+    restore = captured.pop("_restore", None)
+    if restore is not None:
+        restore()
+
+    # 检查是否捕获到 run() 调用
+    report = captured.get("report")
+    graph = captured.get("graph")
+    if report is None or graph is None:
+        print("错误：未捕获到 px.run() 调用，无法生成性能报告", file=sys.stderr)
+        print("请确保脚本通过 px.run() 或 CliRunner 执行任务流图。", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # 生成报告
+    profile = ProfileReport.from_report(report, graph)
+    _output_report(
+        profile,
+        export=pxp_args.export,
+        output=pxp_args.output,
+        script_stem=script_path.stem,
+        no_browser=pxp_args.no_browser,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-"""Python 构建工具模块.
-
-完全替代传统的 Makefile,
-提供更好的跨平台兼容性和 Python 生态集成.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
-
-
-def maturin_build_cmd() -> list[str]:
-    """获取 maturin 构建命令（根据平台自动添加参数）.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    list[str]
-        完整的 maturin 构建命令列表.
-    """
-    command = ["maturin", "build", "-r"].copy()
-    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
-        command.extend(["--target", "x86_64-win7-windows-msvc", "-Zbuild-std", "-i", "python3.8"])
-    return command
-
-
-uv_build: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("uv_build", cmd=["uv", "build"])
-maturin_build: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("maturin_build", cmd=maturin_build_cmd())
-uv_sync: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("uv_sync", cmd=["uv", "sync"])
-git_clean: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("git_clean", cmd=["gitt", "c"])
-test: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec(
-    "test", cmd=["pytest", "-m", "not slow", "-n", "8", "--dist", "loadfile", "--color=yes", "--durations=10"]
-)
-test_fast: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec(
-    "test_fast", cmd=["pytest", "-m", "not slow", "--dist", "loadfile", "--color=yes", "--durations=10"]
-)
-test_coverage: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec(
-    "test_coverage",
-    cmd=["pytest", "--cov", "-n", "8", "--dist", "loadfile", "--tb=short", "-v", "--color=yes", "--durations=10"],
-)
-ruff_lint: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("lint", cmd=["ruff", "check", "--fix", "--unsafe-fixes"])
-typecheck: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("pyrefly_check", cmd=["pyrefly", "check", "."])
-git_add_all: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("git_add_all", cmd=["git", "add", "-A"])
-bump: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("bumpversion", cmd=["bumpversion"])
-doc: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("doc", cmd=["sphinx-build", "-b", "html", "docs", "docs/_build"])
-git_push: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("git_push", cmd=["git", "push"])
-git_push_tags: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("git_push_tags", cmd=["git", "push", "--tags"])
-hatch_publish: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("publish_python", cmd=["hatch", "publish"])
-twine_publish: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("twine_publish", cmd=["twine", "upload", "--disable-progress-bar"])
-tox: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("tox", cmd=["tox", "-p", "auto"])
-
-
-def main():
-    """pymake 构建工具.
-
-    🔨 构建命令:
-      pymake b    - 构建 Python 主包 (uv build)
-      pymake bc   - 构建 Rust 核心模块 (maturin build)
-      pymake ba   - 构建所有包 (先 Python 后 Rust)
-
-    📦 安装命令 (开发模式):
-      pymake sync   - 安装依赖包 (uv sync)
-
-    🧹 清理命令:
-      pymake c   - 清理所有构建产物 (gitt c)
-
-    🛠️  开发工具:
-      pymake t      - 运行测试 (pytest)
-      pymake tc     - 运行测试并生成覆盖率报告
-      pymake tf     - 运行快速测试 (pytest -m not slow)
-      pymake lint   - 代码格式化与检查 (ruff)
-      pymake type   - 类型检查 (mypy, ty)
-      pymake doc    - 构建文档 (sphinx)
-
-    🔬 多版本测试:
-      pymake tox   - 多版本 Python 测试 (tox -p auto)
-
-    📦 发布命令:
-      pymake pb   - 发布到 PyPI (twine + hatch)
-
-    � 版本管理:
-      pymake bump  - 自动升级版本号并提交修改 (清理 + 检查 + 格式化 + git add + bumpversion)
-
-    �💡 常用工作流:
-      1. 日常开发: pymake lint && pymake t
-      2. 构建发布包: pymake ba
-      3. 多版本兼容性测试: pymake tox
-      4. 发布到 PyPI: pymake pb
-
-    📝 示例:
-      pymake ba          # 构建所有包
-      pymake sync        # 安装依赖
-      pymake t           # 运行测试
-      pymake tox         # 多版本兼容性测试
-      pymake lint        # 格式化代码
-      pymake type        # 类型检查
-    """
-    runner = px.CliRunner(
-        strategy="sequential",
-        description="PyMake - Python 构建工具",
-        graphs={
-            # 构建命令
-            "b": px.Graph.from_specs([uv_build]),
-            "bc": px.Graph.from_specs([maturin_build]),
-            "ba": px.Graph.from_specs(["b", "bc"]),
-            # 安装命令
-            "sync": px.Graph.from_specs([uv_sync]),
-            # 清理命令
-            "c": px.Graph.from_specs([git_clean]),
-            # 开发工具
-            "bump": px.Graph.from_specs(["c", "tc", git_add_all, bump]),
-            "bumpmi": px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("bumpversion_minor", cmd=["bumpversion", "minor"])]),
-            "cov": px.Graph.from_specs([git_clean, test_coverage]),
-            "doc": px.Graph.from_specs([doc]),
-            "lint": px.Graph.from_specs([ruff_lint]),
-            "pb": px.Graph.from_specs([twine_publish, hatch_publish]),
-            "t": px.Graph.from_specs([test]),
-            "tf": px.Graph.from_specs([test_fast]),
-            "tc": px.Graph.from_specs([typecheck, "lint"]),
-            "tox": px.Graph.from_specs([tox]),
-            # 发布命令
-            "p": px.Graph.from_specs([git_clean, git_push, git_push_tags]),
-        },
-    )
-    runner.run_cli()
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.tasks.system import reset_icon_cache
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """重启图标缓存工具主函数."""
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs(reset_icon_cache())
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-"""进程终止工具.
-
-跨平台进程终止工具, 支持按名称终止进程.
-用法: taskkill proc_name [proc_name ...]
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """进程终止工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="TaskKill - 进程终止工具",
-        usage="taskkill <process_name> [process_name ...]",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "process_names",
-        type=str,
-        nargs="+",
-        help="进程名称 (如: chrome.exe python node)",
-    )
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
-        cmd = ["taskkill", "/f", "/im"]
-    else:
-        cmd = ["pkill", "-f"]
-
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-        [
-            px.TaskSpec(f"kill_{proc_name}", cmd=[*cmd, f"{proc_name}*"], verbose=True)
-            for proc_name in args.process_names
-        ]
-    )
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-"""命令查找工具.
-
-跨平台查找可执行命令路径, 类似 Unix 的 which 命令.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import argparse
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.tasks.system import which
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """命令查找工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Which - 命令查找工具")
-    parser.add_argument("commands", nargs="+", help="要查找的命令名称, 如: python ls ps gcc...")
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([which(cmd) for cmd in args.commands])
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+"""命令执行器：把 :class:`~pyflowx.task.TaskSpec` 的 ``cmd`` 字段（list /
+shell 字符串 / 可调用对象）转换为统一执行入口。
+
+历史背景：原 ``task.py`` 的模块文档声明其为"纯数据结构"，但 ``_run_command``
+属于命令执行逻辑，违反单一职责。此处将其抽离，``TaskSpec`` 仅持有配置，
+执行逻辑集中于本模块，便于独立测试与维护。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+from typing import Any, List, Union, cast
+
+from .task import TaskSpec
+
+__all__ = ["run_command"]
+
+
+def run_command(spec: TaskSpec[Any]) -> Any:  # noqa: PLR0912
+    """执行 ``spec.cmd`` 指定的命令（list / shell 字符串 / 可调用对象）。
+
+    与原 ``TaskSpec._run_command`` 行为一致：
+
+    - 可调用对象：直接调用，异常包装为 :class:`RuntimeError`。
+    - list / str：通过 :func:`subprocess.run` 执行，非零返回码抛
+      :class:`RuntimeError`（``verbose=False`` 时附 stderr）。
+    - ``verbose=True`` 时打印执行信息与返回码到 stdout。
+    - ``cwd`` / ``env`` 通过 subprocess 参数隔离（进程级状态仅在 fn 任务路径
+      使用，cmd 路径不依赖 ``os.chdir`` / ``os.environ``）。
+    """
+    cmd = spec.cmd
+    verbose = spec.verbose
+    cwd = spec.cwd
+    timeout = spec.timeout
+    env_override = spec.env
+
+    # 可调用对象：直接调用，返回其结果。
+    if callable(cmd) and not isinstance(cmd, (list, str)):
+        name = getattr(cmd, "__name__", "callable")
+        if verbose:
+            print(f"[verbose] 执行可调用命令: {name}", flush=True)
+            if cwd is not None:
+                print(f"[verbose] 工作目录: {cwd}", flush=True)
+        try:
+            return cmd()
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"可调用命令执行异常: {name}: {e}") from e
+
+    is_list = isinstance(cmd, list)
+    if is_list:
+        cmd_str = " ".join(arg for arg in cmd)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        verb = "执行命令"
+        label = "命令"
+    else:
+        cmd_str = cast(str, cmd)
+        verb = "执行 Shell"
+        label = "Shell 命令"
+
+    if verbose:
+        print(f"[verbose] {verb}: {cmd_str}", flush=True)
+        if cwd is not None:
+            print(f"[verbose] 工作目录: {cwd}", flush=True)
+
+    # 合并环境变量
+    run_env: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    if env_override:
+        run_env = dict(os.environ)
+        run_env.update(env_override)
+
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            cast(Union[str, List[str]], cmd),
+            shell=not is_list,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            env=run_env,
+            timeout=timeout,
+            capture_output=not verbose,
+            text=True,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"{label}未找到: {cmd_str}") from None
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"{label}执行超时: {cmd_str} ({timeout}s)") from None
+    except OSError as e:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"{label}执行异常: {cmd_str}: {e}") from e
+
+    if verbose:
+        print(f"[verbose] 返回码: {result.returncode}", flush=True)
+
+    if result.returncode == 0:
+        if not verbose and result.stdout:
+            print(result.stdout, end="", flush=True)
+        return None
+
+    err_msg = f"{label}执行失败: `{cmd_str}`, 返回码: {result.returncode}"
+    if not verbose and result.stderr.strip():
+        err_msg += f"\n{result.stderr.strip()}"
+    raise RuntimeError(err_msg)
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+"""图组合：将带字符串引用的多个图展开为纯 :class:`~pyflowx.graph.Graph`。
+
+历史背景：原 ``graph.py`` 同时承载 DAG 构建/校验/分层与多图组合逻辑，
+职责过载。组合逻辑（:class:`GraphComposer` / :func:`compose`）与单图 DAG
+模型正交，此处抽离为独立模块，便于按需导入与独立演进。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import replace
+from typing import Any
+
+from .graph import Graph
+from .task import TaskSpec
+
+__all__ = ["GraphComposer", "compose"]
+
+
+class GraphComposer:
+    """将带字符串引用的图展开为纯 :class:`TaskSpec` 图。
+
+    引用格式：
+    * ``"command_name"`` —— 引用整个命令图。
+    * ``"command_name.task_name"`` —— 引用特定任务。
+
+    引用按顺序展开，后续引用的任务依赖前面引用的最后一个任务；
+    原始 ``TaskSpec`` 之间也按出现顺序串行依赖。
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, graphs: dict[str, Graph]) -> None:
+        self.graphs = graphs
+
+    def resolve_all(self) -> dict[str, Graph]:
+        """解析所有图的字符串引用，返回展开后的新图映射。"""
+        resolved: dict[str, Graph] = {}
+        for cmd_name, graph in self.graphs.items():
+            resolved[cmd_name] = self.expand_refs(graph, cmd_name)
+        return resolved
+
+    def expand_refs(self, graph: Graph, current_cmd: str) -> Graph:
+        """展开图中的字符串引用。若无 ``_pending_refs``，原样返回。"""
+        pending_refs = graph._pending_refs
+        if not pending_refs:
+            return graph
+
+        all_specs: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = []
+        previous_ref_last_task: str | None = None
+
+        for ref in pending_refs:
+            expanded_specs = self.parse_ref(ref, current_cmd)
+            if previous_ref_last_task and expanded_specs:
+                for i, task in enumerate(expanded_specs):
+                    if i == 0 or not task.depends_on:
+                        expanded_specs[i] = replace(task, depends_on=tuple({*task.depends_on, previous_ref_last_task}))
+            if expanded_specs:
+                previous_ref_last_task = expanded_specs[-1].name
+            all_specs.extend(expanded_specs)
+
+        original_specs = list(graph.all_specs().values())
+        if original_specs:
+            if previous_ref_last_task:
+                first = original_specs[0]
+                all_specs.append(replace(first, depends_on=tuple({*first.depends_on, previous_ref_last_task})))
+            else:
+                all_specs.append(original_specs[0])
+            for i in range(1, len(original_specs)):
+                current_task = original_specs[i]
+                previous_task_name = original_specs[i - 1].name
+                all_specs.append(
+                    replace(current_task, depends_on=tuple({*current_task.depends_on, previous_task_name}))
+                )
+
+        return Graph.from_specs(all_specs, defaults=graph.defaults)
+
+    def parse_ref(self, ref: str, current_cmd: str) -> list[TaskSpec[Any]]:
+        """解析单个字符串引用，返回对应的 TaskSpec 列表。"""
+        if ref == current_cmd:
+            raise ValueError(f"循环引用: 命令 '{current_cmd}' 引用了自己")
+
+        if "." in ref:
+            cmd_name, task_name = ref.split(".", 1)
+            if cmd_name not in self.graphs:
+                raise ValueError(f"引用的命令 '{cmd_name}' 不存在")
+            ref_graph = self.graphs[cmd_name]
+            if task_name not in ref_graph.all_specs():
+                raise ValueError(f"任务 '{task_name}' 不存在于命令 '{cmd_name}' 中")
+            return [ref_graph.all_specs()[task_name]]
+        else:
+            cmd_name = ref
+            if cmd_name not in self.graphs:
+                raise ValueError(f"引用的命令 '{cmd_name}' 不存在")
+            ref_graph = self.graphs[cmd_name]
+            ref_graph = self.expand_refs(ref_graph, cmd_name)
+            return list(ref_graph.all_specs().values())
+
+
+def compose(
+    graphs: dict[str, Graph],
+) -> dict[str, Graph]:
+    """编程式解析多图的字符串引用，返回展开后的新图映射。
+
+    与 :class:`GraphComposer` 等价，但作为独立函数暴露，供不使用
+    :class:`~pyflowx.runner.CliRunner` 的编程式用户调用。
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> graphs = {
+    ...     "build": px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("b", cmd=["echo", "b"])]),
+    ...     "all": px.Graph.from_specs(["build", px.TaskSpec("t", cmd=["echo", "t"])]),
+    ... }
+    >>> resolved = px.compose(graphs)
+    >>> "b" in resolved["all"].all_specs()
+    True
+    """
+    return GraphComposer(graphs).resolve_all()
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

+import logging
 import os
 import shutil
 import subprocess
@@ -20,6 +21,8 @@ from typing import Any, Callable

 from .task import Condition, Context

+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 __all__ = ["BuiltinConditions", "Condition", "Constants"]


@@ -42,6 +45,11 @@ def _static(predicate: Callable[[], bool], name: str) -> Condition:
    return _cond


+def _cond_name(cond: Condition) -> str:
+    """获取条件的可读名称。"""
+    return getattr(cond, "__name__", repr(cond))
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 # 模块级静态条件常量
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -61,6 +69,26 @@ class BuiltinConditions:
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # 静态条件
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    @staticmethod
+    def IS_WINDOWS() -> Condition:
+        """检查是否为 Windows 平台."""
+        return IS_WINDOWS
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def IS_LINUX() -> Condition:
+        """检查是否为 Linux 平台."""
+        return IS_LINUX
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def IS_MACOS() -> Condition:
+        """检查是否为 macOS 平台."""
+        return IS_MACOS
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def IS_POSIX() -> Condition:
+        """检查是否为 POSIX 平台."""
+        return IS_POSIX
+
    @staticmethod
    def PYTHON_VERSION(major: int, minor: int | None = None) -> Condition:
        """检查 Python 版本是否匹配."""
@@ -118,6 +146,21 @@ class BuiltinConditions:
            f"ENV_VAR_EQUALS({var_name!r},{value!r})",
        )

+    @staticmethod
+    def FILE_CONTENT_EXISTS(path: Path | str, content: str) -> Condition:
+        """检查文件是否包含指定内容."""
+
+        def _check() -> bool:
+            p = Path(path)
+            if not p.exists():
+                return False
+            try:
+                return content in p.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+            except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+                return False
+
+        return _static(_check, f"FILE_CONTENT_EXISTS({path!r},{content!r})")
+
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # 上下文条件：基于上游依赖结果
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -146,7 +189,8 @@ class BuiltinConditions:
                return False
            try:
                return predicate(ctx[dep_name])
-            except Exception:
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning("DEP_MATCHES predicate %r raised: %r", dep_name, exc)
                return False

        _cond.__name__ = f"DEP_MATCHES({dep_name!r},{getattr(predicate, '__name__', 'pred')})"
@@ -182,7 +226,7 @@ class BuiltinConditions:
        def _cond(ctx: Context) -> bool:
            return not condition(ctx)

-        _cond.__name__ = f"NOT({getattr(condition, '__name__', repr(condition))})"
+        _cond.__name__ = f"NOT({_cond_name(condition)})"
        return _cond

    @staticmethod
@@ -192,8 +236,7 @@ class BuiltinConditions:
        def _cond(ctx: Context) -> bool:
            return all(c(ctx) for c in conditions)

-        names = [getattr(c, "__name__", repr(c)) for c in conditions]
-        _cond.__name__ = f"AND({', '.join(names)})"
+        _cond.__name__ = f"AND({', '.join(_cond_name(c) for c in conditions)})"
        return _cond

    @staticmethod
@@ -203,6 +246,5 @@ class BuiltinConditions:
        def _cond(ctx: Context) -> bool:
            return any(c(ctx) for c in conditions)

-        names = [getattr(c, "__name__", repr(c)) for c in conditions]
-        _cond.__name__ = f"OR({', '.join(names)})"
+        _cond.__name__ = f"OR({', '.join(_cond_name(c) for c in conditions)})"
        return _cond
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ DAG 库中泛滥的样板包装器。
 from __future__ import annotations

 import inspect
+from functools import lru_cache
 from typing import Any, Mapping

 from .errors import InjectionError
@@ -24,6 +25,24 @@ from .task import Context, TaskSpec
 __all__ = ["Context", "_is_context_annotation", "build_call_args", "describe_injection"]


+@lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
+def _cached_signature(fn: Any) -> inspect.Signature:
+    """缓存 ``inspect.signature`` 结果（按 fn 对象键控）。
+
+    ``fn`` 对象在 :meth:`TaskSpec.effective_fn` 缓存后稳定，签名重复内省
+    属纯开销。对不可哈希的可调用对象，调用方回退到直接内省。
+    """
+    return inspect.signature(fn)
+
+
+def _signature(fn: Any) -> inspect.Signature:
+    """获取签名，优先走缓存；``fn`` 不可哈希时回退到直接内省。"""
+    try:
+        return _cached_signature(fn)
+    except TypeError:
+        return inspect.signature(fn)
+
+
 def _is_context_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
    """判断参数标注是否为（或指向）``Context``。"""
    if annotation is Context:
@@ -44,7 +63,7 @@ def build_call_args(
    执行器填入 :attr:`TaskSpec.defaults` 中的默认值）。
    """
    fn = spec.effective_fn
-    sig = inspect.signature(fn)
+    sig = _signature(fn)
    params = sig.parameters

    var_keyword = next(
@@ -115,7 +134,7 @@ def build_call_args(
 def describe_injection(spec: TaskSpec[Any]) -> str:
    """生成任务参数注入方式的人类可读描述。供 ``dry_run`` 使用。"""
    fn = spec.effective_fn
-    sig = inspect.signature(fn)
+    sig = _signature(fn)
    positional_params = [
        p
        for p, param in sig.parameters.items()
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-"""Example 3: async aggregation with static args and Context injection.
-
-Shows:
-  * async task functions executed with strategy="async".
-  * static positional args (TaskSpec.args) for parameterised tasks.
-  * Context annotation to receive the full upstream result mapping.
-  * on_event callback for real-time progress.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import asyncio
-from typing import Any
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-
-async def fetch_user(uid: int) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
-    return {"id": uid, "name": f"User{uid}"}
-
-
-async def fetch_posts(uid: int) -> list[int]:
-    await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
-    return [uid, uid + 1]
-
-
-# Context annotation → receives the full mapping of upstream results.
-def aggregate(ctx: px.Context) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    return dict(ctx)
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        # Static positional args parameterise the same function twice.
-        px.TaskSpec("fetch_user", fetch_user, args=(1,)),
-        px.TaskSpec("fetch_posts", fetch_posts, args=(1,)),
-        px.TaskSpec("aggregate", aggregate, depends_on=("fetch_user", "fetch_posts")),
-    ])
-
-    print("=== Dry run ===")
-    _ = px.run(graph, strategy="async", dry_run=True)
-
-    events: list[px.TaskEvent] = []
-    print("\n=== Async execution ===")
-    report = px.run(graph, strategy="async", on_event=events.append)
-
-    for ev in events:
-        print(f"  event: {ev.task} -> {ev.status.value}")
-
-    print(f"\naggregate = {report['aggregate']}")
-    print(report.describe())
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-"""Example 1: ETL pipeline (sequential strategy).
-
-Demonstrates the core PyFlowX workflow:
-  * Define tasks as plain functions.
-  * Declare the DAG with a list of TaskSpec.
-  * Parameter names == dependency names → automatic context injection,
-    no wrappers needed (contrast with flowweaver's get_task_result boilerplate).
-  * dry_run to preview, then execute and read typed results from RunReport.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from typing import Any
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-# --- task functions: pure, testable, no framework coupling ------------- #
-
-
-def extract_customers() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    return [
-        {"id": "C001", "name": "Alice"},
-        {"id": "C002", "name": "Bob"},
-    ]
-
-
-def extract_orders() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    return [
-        {"id": "O001", "customer_id": "C001", "amount": 150.0},
-        {"id": "O002", "customer_id": "C002", "amount": 200.5},
-    ]
-
-
-# Parameter names match dependency names → automatic injection.
-def transform(
-    extract_customers: list[dict[str, Any]],
-    extract_orders: list[dict[str, Any]],
-) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
-    cmap = {c["id"]: c for c in extract_customers}
-    return [{**o, "customer_name": cmap[o["customer_id"]]["name"]} for o in extract_orders if o["customer_id"] in cmap]
-
-
-def load(transform: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> int:
-    print(f"  loaded {len(transform)} records")
-    return len(transform)
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        px.TaskSpec("extract_customers", extract_customers, tags=("extract",)),
-        px.TaskSpec("extract_orders", extract_orders, tags=("extract",)),
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            "transform",
-            transform,
-            depends_on=("extract_customers", "extract_orders"),
-            tags=("transform",),
-        ),
-        px.TaskSpec(
-            "load", load, depends_on=("transform",), retry=px.RetryPolicy(max_attempts=1, delay=1.0), tags=("load",)
-        ),
-    ])
-
-    print("=== Execution plan ===")
-    print(graph.describe())
-
-    print("\n=== Dry run (no execution) ===")
-    _ = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential", dry_run=True)
-
-    print("\n=== Sequential execution ===")
-    report = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential")
-    print(report.describe())
-    print(f"\nload result = {report['load']}")
-    print(f"summary = {report.summary()}")
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-"""Example 2: parallel execution (thread strategy).
-
-Same DAG run with sequential vs. thread strategy to show layer-internal
-parallelism. Tasks within a layer run concurrently; layers are barriers.
-
-Layer 1: [fetch_a, fetch_b]   (parallel)
-Layer 2: [merge]              (waits for both)
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import time
-
-import pyflowx as px
-
-
-def fetch_a() -> str:
-    time.sleep(0.5)
-    return "a"
-
-
-def fetch_b() -> str:
-    time.sleep(0.5)
-    return "b"
-
-
-def merge(fetch_a: str, fetch_b: str) -> str:
-    return fetch_a + fetch_b
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-        px.TaskSpec("fetch_a", fetch_a),
-        px.TaskSpec("fetch_b", fetch_b),
-        px.TaskSpec("merge", merge, depends_on=("fetch_a", "fetch_b")),
-    ])
-
-    print("=== Mermaid diagram ===")
-    print(graph.to_mermaid("LR"))
-
-    print("\n=== Sequential (expect ~1.0s) ===")
-    start = time.time()
-    report_seq = px.run(graph, strategy="sequential")
-    t_seq = time.time() - start
-    print(f"  result={report_seq['merge']}  time={t_seq:.2f}s")
-
-    print("\n=== Threaded (expect ~0.5s) ===")
-    start = time.time()
-    report_thr = px.run(graph, strategy="thread", max_workers=2)
-    t_thr = time.time() - start
-    print(f"  result={report_thr['merge']}  time={t_thr:.2f}s")
-
-    print(f"\nspeedup = {t_seq / t_thr:.2f}x")
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
@@ -12,12 +12,18 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

+__all__ = [
+    "Graph",
+    "GraphDefaults",
+]
+
+import inspect
 import sys
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
 from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Sequence

 from .errors import CycleError, DuplicateTaskError, MissingDependencyError
-from .task import RetryPolicy, TaskSpec
+from .task import Context, RetryPolicy, TaskSpec

 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):  # pragma: no cover
    import graphlib  # pyright: ignore[reportUnreachable]
@@ -49,6 +55,83 @@ class GraphDefaults:
    verbose: bool = False


+def _prune_deps(spec: TaskSpec[Any], keep: Callable[[str], bool]) -> TaskSpec[Any]:
+    """返回新 spec，其 ``depends_on`` / ``soft_depends_on`` 仅保留 ``keep(dep)`` 为真的依赖。"""
+    return replace(
+        spec,
+        depends_on=tuple(d for d in spec.depends_on if keep(d)),
+        soft_depends_on=tuple(d for d in spec.soft_depends_on if keep(d)),
+    )
+
+
+def _make_namespaced_fn(orig_fn: Any, ns: str, dep_names: set[str]) -> Any:
+    """包装 fn，使其能接收带 ``ns:`` 前缀的依赖名，调用时映射回原参数名。
+
+    命名空间合并后，依赖名带前缀（如 ``build:extract``），但 Python 参数名
+    不能含 ``:``。wrapper 用 ``**kwargs`` 接收所有依赖，内部把带前缀的依赖名
+    映射回原参数名后调用原 fn。
+
+    无依赖参数时直接返回原 fn。
+    """
+    if not dep_names or orig_fn is None:
+        return orig_fn
+    try:
+        orig_sig = inspect.signature(orig_fn)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return orig_fn
+
+    # 带前缀依赖名 -> 原参数名
+    name_map: dict[str, str] = {f"{ns}:{orig}": orig for orig in dep_names}
+    prefix = f"{ns}:"
+
+    # 检查原 fn 是否有 Context 标注参数
+    context_param_name: str | None = None
+    for p in orig_sig.parameters.values():
+        ann = p.annotation
+        if ann is not Context and not (isinstance(ann, str) and ann.endswith("Context")):
+            continue
+        context_param_name = p.name
+        break
+
+    if context_param_name is not None:
+
+        def wrapper(ctx: Any = None, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+            # ctx 是 dep_context，键为带前缀的依赖名；映射回原始键
+            orig_ctx: dict[str, Any] = {}
+            for k, v in (ctx or {}).items():
+                orig_ctx[name_map.get(k, k)] = v
+            # kwargs 中带前缀的依赖也映射回原参数名
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                if k in name_map:
+                    orig_ctx[name_map[k]] = v
+            return orig_fn(**{context_param_name: orig_ctx})
+
+        ctx_param = inspect.Parameter("ctx", inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, annotation=Context)
+        kw_param = inspect.Parameter("kwargs", inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
+        wrapper.__signature__ = inspect.Signature(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            parameters=[ctx_param, kw_param],
+            return_annotation=orig_sig.return_annotation,
+        )
+    else:
+
+        def wrapper(**kwargs: Any) -> Any:  # type: ignore[no-redef]
+            orig_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+            for k, v in kwargs.items():
+                if k.startswith(prefix):
+                    orig_kwargs[k[len(prefix) :]] = v
+            return orig_fn(**orig_kwargs)
+
+        kw_param = inspect.Parameter("kwargs", inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
+        wrapper.__signature__ = inspect.Signature(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+            parameters=[kw_param],
+            return_annotation=orig_sig.return_annotation,
+        )
+
+    wrapper.__name__ = f"{ns}_{getattr(orig_fn, '__name__', 'fn')}"
+    wrapper.__doc__ = getattr(orig_fn, "__doc__", None)
+    return wrapper
+
+
@dataclass
 class Graph:
    """校验后的有向无环任务图。
@@ -64,9 +147,15 @@ class Graph:
    specs: dict[str, TaskSpec[Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
    deps: dict[str, tuple[str, ...]] = field(default_factory=dict)
    defaults: GraphDefaults = field(default_factory=GraphDefaults)
+    namespace: str | None = None
+
    # 待解析的字符串引用列表（由 GraphComposer 消费）；为空表示无引用。
    _pending_refs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)

+    # resolved_spec 缓存：避免执行期每个任务多次重复 dataclasses.replace 判断。
+    # 在 specs / defaults 变更时失效。
+    _resolved_cache: dict[str, TaskSpec[Any]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # 构建
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -76,18 +165,43 @@ class Graph:
        self._validate_references()
        return self

+    def chain(self, *specs: TaskSpec[Any]) -> Graph:
+        """链式注册任务：每个 spec 自动依赖前一个。
+
+        ``chain(a, b, c)`` 等价于 ``b`` 依赖 ``a``，``c`` 依赖 ``b``。
+        若 spec 已带 ``depends_on``，则前驱名追加到现有依赖前。
+        返回 ``self`` 支持链式调用。
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> graph = px.Graph().chain(extract, transform, load)
+        """
+        prev_name: str | None = None
+        for s in specs:
+            current = s
+            if prev_name is not None:
+                # 将前驱追加到 depends_on 最前（保持显式依赖优先）
+                new_deps = (prev_name, *s.depends_on) if prev_name not in s.depends_on else s.depends_on
+                current = replace(s, depends_on=new_deps)
+            self.add(current)
+            prev_name = current.name
+        return self
+
    def _register(self, spec: TaskSpec[Any]) -> None:
        if spec.name in self.specs:
            raise DuplicateTaskError(spec.name)
        self.specs[spec.name] = spec
        # 拓扑依赖仅含硬依赖；软依赖仅用于注入，不影响分层。
        self.deps[spec.name] = spec.depends_on
+        self._resolved_cache.clear()

    @classmethod
    def from_specs(
        cls,
        specs: Iterable[TaskSpec[Any] | str],
        defaults: GraphDefaults | None = None,
+        *,
+        namespace: str | None = None,
    ) -> Graph:
        """从可迭代的 task spec 构建图。

@@ -100,10 +214,11 @@ class Graph:
            TaskSpec 对象或字符串引用的列表。
        defaults:
            图级默认值。``None`` 使用空 :class:`GraphDefaults`。
+        namespace:
+            可选命名空间，用于 :meth:`add_subgraph` 合并时加前缀。
        """
-        graph = cls(defaults=defaults or GraphDefaults())
+        graph = cls(defaults=defaults or GraphDefaults(), namespace=namespace)
        pending_refs: list[str] = []
-
        for spec in specs:
            if isinstance(spec, str):
                pending_refs.append(spec)
@@ -119,6 +234,46 @@ class Graph:
        graph.validate()
        return graph

+    def add_subgraph(self, sub: Graph, *, namespace: str | None = None) -> Graph:
+        """将子图合并到当前图，任务名加命名空间前缀避免冲突。
+
+        参数
+        ----
+        sub:
+            待合并的子图。
+        namespace:
+            命名空间前缀。``None`` 时使用 ``sub.namespace``，若子图也无命名空间
+            则抛出 ``ValueError``。最终任务名为 ``f"{ns}:{original_name}"``。
+
+        合并后，子图内任务的依赖名也会被加前缀；与子图外部任务的依赖保持原样。
+
+        返回 ``self`` 支持链式调用。
+        """
+        ns = namespace or sub.namespace
+        if not ns:
+            raise ValueError("add_subgraph 需要 namespace 或子图自带 namespace")
+
+        def _rename(name: str) -> str:
+            # 仅对子图内部任务名加前缀；外部依赖保持原样
+            return f"{ns}:{name}" if name in sub.specs else name
+
+        sub_names = set(sub.specs.keys())
+        for spec in sub.specs.values():
+            # 子图内部依赖名需加前缀，对应的 fn 参数也需包装
+            internal_deps = (set(spec.depends_on) | set(spec.soft_depends_on)) & sub_names
+            new_fn = _make_namespaced_fn(spec.fn, ns, internal_deps) if spec.fn else spec.fn
+            new_spec = replace(
+                spec,
+                name=_rename(spec.name),
+                fn=new_fn,
+                depends_on=tuple(_rename(d) for d in spec.depends_on),
+                soft_depends_on=tuple(_rename(d) for d in spec.soft_depends_on),
+            )
+            self._register(new_spec)
+        self._validate_references()
+        self.validate()
+        return self
+
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # 校验
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -160,7 +315,12 @@ class Graph:
        对于 ``retry``/``timeout``/``strategy``/``env``/``cwd`` 等可空
        字段，若 spec 字段为默认空值且图级默认值非空，则用
        :func:`dataclasses.replace` 生成带默认值的副本。
+
+        结果按 ``name`` 缓存；specs / defaults 变更时缓存失效。
        """
+        cached = self._resolved_cache.get(name)
+        if cached is not None:
+            return cached
        spec = self.specs[name]
        d = self.defaults
        overrides: dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -184,9 +344,9 @@ class Graph:
            overrides["verbose"] = True
        if not spec.tags and d.tags:
            overrides["tags"] = d.tags
-        if not overrides:
-            return spec
-        return replace(spec, **overrides)
+        resolved = spec if not overrides else replace(spec, **overrides)
+        self._resolved_cache[name] = resolved
+        return resolved

    def dependencies(self, name: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
        """``name`` 的直接硬依赖前驱。"""
@@ -206,8 +366,11 @@ class Graph:

        同层任务无相互硬依赖，可并发执行。软依赖不参与分层。
        层按执行顺序返回。图有环时抛出 :class:`CycleError`。
+
+        .. note::
+            本方法假定图已通过 :meth:`validate` 校验（由 :func:`pyflowx.run`
+            在入口统一执行一次）。若直接调用本方法，需自行先校验。
        """
-        self.validate()
        sorter = _TopologicalSorter(self.deps)
        result: list[list[str]] = []
        sorter.prepare()
@@ -225,16 +388,13 @@ class Graph:
    def subgraph(self, tags: Iterable[str]) -> Graph:
        """返回仅包含匹配任意标签的任务的新图。依赖边被修剪。"""
        wanted: set[str] = set(tags)
-        kept: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = []
-        for spec in self.specs.values():
-            if wanted & set(spec.tags):
-                pruned_deps = tuple(
-                    d for d in spec.depends_on if d in self.specs and (wanted & set(self.specs[d].tags))
-                )
-                pruned_soft = tuple(
-                    d for d in spec.soft_depends_on if d in self.specs and (wanted & set(self.specs[d].tags))
-                )
-                kept.append(replace(spec, depends_on=pruned_deps, soft_depends_on=pruned_soft))
+
+        def _dep_kept(dep: str) -> bool:
+            return dep in self.specs and bool(wanted & set(self.specs[dep].tags))
+
+        kept: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = [
+            _prune_deps(spec, _dep_kept) for spec in self.specs.values() if wanted & set(spec.tags)
+        ]
        return Graph.from_specs(kept, defaults=self.defaults)

    def subgraph_by_names(self, names: Iterable[str]) -> Graph:
@@ -243,12 +403,9 @@ class Graph:
        for n in wanted:
            if n not in self.specs:
                raise KeyError(f"Unknown task name: {n!r}")
-        kept: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = []
-        for spec in self.specs.values():
-            if spec.name in wanted:
-                pruned_deps = tuple(d for d in spec.depends_on if d in wanted)
-                pruned_soft = tuple(d for d in spec.soft_depends_on if d in wanted)
-                kept.append(replace(spec, depends_on=pruned_deps, soft_depends_on=pruned_soft))
+        kept: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = [
+            _prune_deps(spec, lambda d: d in wanted) for spec in self.specs.values() if spec.name in wanted
+        ]
        return Graph.from_specs(kept, defaults=self.defaults)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
@@ -346,102 +503,3 @@ class Graph:

    def __contains__(self, name: Any) -> bool:
        return name in self.specs
-
-
-class GraphComposer:
-    """将带字符串引用的图展开为纯 :class:`TaskSpec` 图。
-
-    引用格式：
-    * ``"command_name"`` —— 引用整个命令图。
-    * ``"command_name.task_name"`` —— 引用特定任务。
-
-    引用按顺序展开，后续引用的任务依赖前面引用的最后一个任务；
-    原始 ``TaskSpec`` 之间也按出现顺序串行依赖。
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, graphs: dict[str, Graph]) -> None:
-        self.graphs = graphs
-
-    def resolve_all(self) -> dict[str, Graph]:
-        """解析所有图的字符串引用，返回展开后的新图映射。"""
-        resolved: dict[str, Graph] = {}
-        for cmd_name, graph in self.graphs.items():
-            resolved[cmd_name] = self.expand_refs(graph, cmd_name)
-        return resolved
-
-    def expand_refs(self, graph: Graph, current_cmd: str) -> Graph:
-        """展开图中的字符串引用。若无 ``_pending_refs``，原样返回。"""
-        pending_refs = graph._pending_refs
-        if not pending_refs:
-            return graph
-
-        all_specs: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = []
-        previous_ref_last_task: str | None = None
-
-        for ref in pending_refs:
-            expanded_specs = self.parse_ref(ref, current_cmd)
-            if previous_ref_last_task and expanded_specs:
-                for i, task in enumerate(expanded_specs):
-                    if i == 0 or not task.depends_on:
-                        expanded_specs[i] = replace(task, depends_on=tuple({*task.depends_on, previous_ref_last_task}))
-            if expanded_specs:
-                previous_ref_last_task = expanded_specs[-1].name
-            all_specs.extend(expanded_specs)
-
-        original_specs = list(graph.all_specs().values())
-        if original_specs:
-            if previous_ref_last_task:
-                first = original_specs[0]
-                all_specs.append(replace(first, depends_on=tuple({*first.depends_on, previous_ref_last_task})))
-            else:
-                all_specs.append(original_specs[0])
-            for i in range(1, len(original_specs)):
-                current_task = original_specs[i]
-                previous_task_name = original_specs[i - 1].name
-                all_specs.append(
-                    replace(current_task, depends_on=tuple({*current_task.depends_on, previous_task_name}))
-                )
-
-        return Graph.from_specs(all_specs, defaults=graph.defaults)
-
-    def parse_ref(self, ref: str, current_cmd: str) -> list[TaskSpec[Any]]:
-        """解析单个字符串引用，返回对应的 TaskSpec 列表。"""
-        if ref == current_cmd:
-            raise ValueError(f"循环引用: 命令 '{current_cmd}' 引用了自己")
-
-        if "." in ref:
-            cmd_name, task_name = ref.split(".", 1)
-            if cmd_name not in self.graphs:
-                raise ValueError(f"引用的命令 '{cmd_name}' 不存在")
-            ref_graph = self.graphs[cmd_name]
-            if task_name not in ref_graph.all_specs():
-                raise ValueError(f"任务 '{task_name}' 不存在于命令 '{cmd_name}' 中")
-            return [ref_graph.all_specs()[task_name]]
-        else:
-            cmd_name = ref
-            if cmd_name not in self.graphs:
-                raise ValueError(f"引用的命令 '{cmd_name}' 不存在")
-            ref_graph = self.graphs[cmd_name]
-            ref_graph = self.expand_refs(ref_graph, cmd_name)
-            return list(ref_graph.all_specs().values())
-
-
-def compose(
-    graphs: dict[str, Graph],
-) -> dict[str, Graph]:
-    """编程式解析多图的字符串引用，返回展开后的新图映射。
-
-    与 :class:`GraphComposer` 等价，但作为独立函数暴露，供不使用
-    :class:`~pyflowx.runner.CliRunner` 的编程式用户调用。
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> graphs = {
-    ...     "build": px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("b", cmd=["echo", "b"])]),
-    ...     "all": px.Graph.from_specs(["build", px.TaskSpec("t", cmd=["echo", "t"])]),
-    ... }
-    >>> resolved = px.compose(graphs)
-    >>> "b" in resolved["all"].all_specs()
-    True
-    """
-    return GraphComposer(graphs).resolve_all()
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""ops 子包 - CLI 工具模块集合.
+
+每个子模块使用 ``@px.tool`` 装饰器注册 CLI 工具, 由 ``pf`` 入口按需
+``importlib.import_module`` 触发注册. 子模块按工具名组织 (一文件一工具).
+
+子模块
+------
+- :mod:`autofmt` —— 代码格式化 (ruff)
+- :mod:`bumpversion` —— 版本号管理
+- :mod:`clr` —— 清屏
+- :mod:`dockercmd` —— Docker 镜像登录
+- :mod:`envdev` —— 开发环境镜像源配置
+- :mod:`filedate` —— 文件日期修改
+- :mod:`filelevel` —— 文件等级
+- :mod:`folderback` —— 文件夹备份
+- :mod:`folderzip` —— 文件夹压缩
+- :mod:`gittool` —— Git 工具
+- :mod:`lscalc` —— LS-DYNA 计算
+- :mod:`msdownload` —— ModelScope 下载
+- :mod:`packtool` —— 打包工具
+- :mod:`pdftool` —— PDF 工具
+- :mod:`piptool` —— pip 工具
+- :mod:`pymake` —— Python 项目构建
+- :mod:`reseticoncache` —— 重置图标缓存
+- :mod:`screenshot` —— 截图
+- :mod:`sglang` —— SGLang 服务
+- :mod:`sshcopyid` —— SSH 公钥拷贝
+- :mod:`taskkill` —— 进程终止
+- :mod:`which` —— 命令查找
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__: list[str] = []
@@ -1,25 +1,28 @@
-"""自动格式化工具模块.
+"""autofmt - 自动格式化工具.

-提供 Python 代码自动格式化的常用功能封装,
-支持 docstring 自动生成、pyproject.toml 配置同步等功能.
+提供格式化代码/代码检查/自动添加文档/同步配置 子命令.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
 import ast
 import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

-try:
-    import tomllib  # noqa: F401
-
-    HAS_TOMLLIB = True
-except ImportError:
-    HAS_TOMLLIB = False
-
+__all__ = [
+    "IGNORE_PATTERNS",
+    "add_docstring",
+    "auto_add_docstrings",
+    "fmt",
+    "format_all",
+    "format_with_ruff",
+    "generate_module_docstring",
+    "lint",
+    "lint_with_ruff",
+    "sync_pyproject_config",
+]

 # ============================================================================
 # 配置
@@ -47,6 +50,32 @@ IGNORE_PATTERNS = [
 # ============================================================================


+@px.tool("autofmt", subcommand="fmt", help="格式化代码")
+def fmt(target: str = ".") -> None:
+    """格式化代码 (ruff format).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    target : str
+        目标路径 (默认: .)
+    """
+    format_with_ruff(Path(target), fix=False)
+
+
+@px.tool("autofmt", subcommand="lint", help="代码检查")
+def lint(target: str = ".", fix: bool = False) -> None:
+    """代码检查 (ruff check).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    target : str
+        目标路径 (默认: .)
+    fix : bool
+        自动修复问题
+    """
+    lint_with_ruff(Path(target), fix=fix)
+
+
 def format_with_ruff(target: Path, fix: bool = True) -> None:
    """使用 ruff 格式化代码.

@@ -102,12 +131,10 @@ def add_docstring(file_path: Path, docstring: str) -> bool:
        content = file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
        tree = ast.parse(content)

-        # 检查是否已有 docstring
        first_node = tree.body[0] if tree.body else None
        if first_node and isinstance(first_node, ast.Expr) and isinstance(first_node.value, ast.Constant):
            return False

-        # 添加 docstring
        lines = content.splitlines()
        doc_lines = docstring.splitlines()
        doc_lines.append("")
@@ -138,7 +165,6 @@ def generate_module_docstring(file_path: Path) -> str:
    stem = file_path.stem
    parent = file_path.parent.name

-    # 关键词匹配
    keywords = {
        "cli": f"Command-line interface for {parent}",
        "gui": f"Graphical user interface for {parent}",
@@ -155,13 +181,14 @@ def generate_module_docstring(file_path: Path) -> str:
    return f'"""{stem.replace("_", " ").title()} module."""'


-def auto_add_docstrings(root_dir: Path) -> int:
+@px.tool("autofmt", subcommand="doc", help="自动添加文档字符串")
+def auto_add_docstrings(root_dir: Path = Path()) -> int:
    """自动为所有 Python 文件添加 docstring.

    Parameters
    ----------
    root_dir : Path
-        根目录
+        根目录 (默认: 当前目录)

    Returns
    -------
@@ -170,7 +197,6 @@ def auto_add_docstrings(root_dir: Path) -> int:
    """
    count = 0
    for py_file in root_dir.rglob("*.py"):
-        # 跳过忽略的文件
        if any(pattern in str(py_file) for pattern in IGNORE_PATTERNS):
            continue

@@ -182,20 +208,20 @@ def auto_add_docstrings(root_dir: Path) -> int:
    return count


-def sync_pyproject_config(root_dir: Path) -> None:
+@px.tool("autofmt", subcommand="sync", help="同步 pyproject 配置")
+def sync_pyproject_config(root_dir: Path = Path()) -> None:
    """同步 pyproject.toml 配置到子项目.

    Parameters
    ----------
    root_dir : Path
-        根目录
+        根目录 (默认: 当前目录)
    """
    main_toml = root_dir / "pyproject.toml"
    if not main_toml.exists():
        print(f"主项目配置文件不存在: {main_toml}")
        return

-    # 查找所有子项目的 pyproject.toml
    sub_tomls = [p for p in root_dir.rglob("pyproject.toml") if p != main_toml and ".venv" not in str(p)]

    if not sub_tomls:
@@ -204,7 +230,6 @@ def sync_pyproject_config(root_dir: Path) -> None:

    print(f"找到 {len(sub_tomls)} 个子项目配置文件")

-    # 对每个子项目调用 ruff format
    for sub_toml in sub_tomls:
        subprocess.run(["ruff", "format", str(sub_toml)], check=False)

@@ -219,64 +244,6 @@ def format_all(root_dir: Path) -> None:
    root_dir : Path
        根目录
    """
-    # 使用 ruff format
    subprocess.run(["ruff", "format", str(root_dir)], check=True)
-
-    # 使用 ruff check
    subprocess.run(["ruff", "check", "--fix", "--unsafe-fixes", str(root_dir)], check=True)
-
    print(f"格式化完成: {root_dir}")
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """自动格式化工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="AutoFmt - 自动格式化工具",
-        usage="autofmt <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # ruff format 命令
-    format_parser = subparsers.add_parser("fmt", help="使用 ruff 格式化代码")
-    format_parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, default=".", help="目标路径")
-
-    # ruff check 命令
-    lint_parser = subparsers.add_parser("lint", help="使用 ruff 检查代码")
-    lint_parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, default=".", help="目标路径")
-    lint_parser.add_argument("--fix", action="store_true", help="自动修复")
-
-    # 自动添加 docstring 命令
-    doc_parser = subparsers.add_parser("doc", help="自动添加 docstring")
-    doc_parser.add_argument("--root-dir", type=str, default=".", help="根目录")
-
-    # 同步配置命令
-    sync_parser = subparsers.add_parser("sync", help="同步 pyproject.toml 配置")
-    sync_parser.add_argument("--root-dir", type=str, default=".", help="根目录")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "fmt":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("ruff_format", cmd=["ruff", "format", args.target], verbose=True)])
-    elif args.command == "lint":
-        cmd = ["ruff", "check", args.target]
-        if args.fix:
-            cmd.extend(["--fix", "--unsafe-fixes"])
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("ruff_check", cmd=cmd, verbose=True)])
-    elif args.command == "doc":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("auto_docstring", fn=auto_add_docstrings, args=(Path(args.root_dir),), verbose=True)
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "sync":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec("sync_config", fn=sync_pyproject_config, args=(Path(args.root_dir),), verbose=True)
-        ])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+"""版本号管理模块.
+
+提供单文件版本号更新 (``bump_file_version``) 与项目级批量版本号同步
+(``bump_project_version``) 能力. ``bump_project_version`` 通过 ``@px.tool``
+注册为 CLI 工具, 可通过 ``pf bumpversion`` 调用.
+
+设计要点
+--------
+``bump_project_version`` 采用 "先读取基准、再统一写入" 的两阶段策略:
+先扫描所有 ``__init__.py`` / ``pyproject.toml`` 文件, 读取各自的版本号,
+取最大值作为基准版本计算新版本号, 然后把新版本号统一写入所有文件,
+避免文件间版本号不同步导致的跳号问题.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+__all__ = [
+    "BumpVersionType",
+    "bump_file_version",
+    "bump_project_version",
+]
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 配置
+# ============================================================================
+
+BumpVersionType = Literal["patch", "minor", "major"]
+
+_PYPROJECT_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'(?:^|\n)\s*version\s*=\s*["\']'
+    r"(?P<major>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<minor>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<patch>0|[1-9]\d*)"
+    r"(?:-(?P<prerelease>(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?"
+    r"(?:\+(?P<buildmetadata>[0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?"
+    r'["\']',
+    re.MULTILINE,
+)
+
+_INIT_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'(?:^|\n)\s*__version__\s*=\s*["\']'
+    r"(?P<major>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<minor>0|[1-9]\d*)\.(?P<patch>0|[1-9]\d*)"
+    r"(?:-(?P<prerelease>(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*)(?:\.(?:0|[1-9]\d*|\d*[a-zA-Z-][0-9a-zA-Z-]*))*))?"
+    r"(?:\+(?P<buildmetadata>[0-9a-zA-Z-]+(?:\.[0-9a-zA-Z-]+)*))?"
+    r'["\']',
+    re.MULTILINE,
+)
+
+_IGNORE_DIRS = frozenset({".venv", "venv", ".git", "__pycache__", ".tox", "node_modules", "build", "dist", ".eggs"})
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 私有辅助函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def _get_pattern_for_file(file_name: str) -> re.Pattern[str] | None:
+    """根据文件类型获取对应的正则表达式."""
+    if file_name == "pyproject.toml":
+        return _PYPROJECT_VERSION_PATTERN
+    if file_name == "__init__.py":
+        return _INIT_VERSION_PATTERN
+    return None
+
+
+def _calculate_new_version(major: int, minor: int, patch: int, part: BumpVersionType) -> str:
+    """计算新版本号."""
+    if part == "major":
+        return f"{major + 1}.0.0"
+    if part == "minor":
+        return f"{major}.{minor + 1}.0"
+    return f"{major}.{minor}.{patch + 1}"
+
+
+def _build_replacement_string(original_match: str, new_version: str, file_name: str) -> str:
+    """构建替换字符串, 保留原始格式."""
+    quote_char = '"' if '"' in original_match else "'"
+    key = "__version__" if file_name == "__init__.py" else "version"
+    prefix_match = re.match(rf"(\s*{key}\s*=\s*)[\"']", original_match)
+    prefix = prefix_match.group(1) if prefix_match else f"{key} = "
+    return f"{prefix}{quote_char}{new_version}{quote_char}"
+
+
+def _read_version_tuple(file_path: Path) -> tuple[int, int, int] | None:
+    """从文件中读取版本号, 返回 (major, minor, patch) 元组; 未找到返回 None.
+
+    读取失败时抛出 ``OSError`` / ``UnicodeDecodeError`` 由调用方处理.
+    """
+    pattern = _get_pattern_for_file(file_path.name)
+    if pattern is None:
+        return None
+
+    content = file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    match = pattern.search(content)
+    if not match:
+        return None
+
+    return int(match.group("major")), int(match.group("minor")), int(match.group("patch"))
+
+
+def _write_version_to_file(file_path: Path, new_version: str) -> bool:
+    """把新版本号写入指定文件; 成功返回 True, 未匹配到版本号返回 False."""
+    pattern = _get_pattern_for_file(file_path.name)
+    if pattern is None:  # pragma: no cover - 调用方已保证 pattern 不为 None
+        return False
+
+    content = file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    match = pattern.search(content)
+    if not match:  # pragma: no cover - 调用方已通过 _read_version_tuple 验证
+        return False
+
+    replacement = _build_replacement_string(match.group(0), new_version, file_path.name)
+    content = content.replace(match.group(0), replacement)
+
+    try:
+        file_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+    except OSError as e:
+        print(f"更新文件 {file_path} 版本号时出错: {e}")
+        raise
+
+    return True
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 公共函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def bump_file_version(file_path: Path, part: BumpVersionType = "patch") -> str | None:
+    """更新单个文件中的版本号.
+
+    读取文件当前版本号, 按 ``part`` 指定的部分递增, 写回文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file_path : Path
+        要更新的文件路径 (``pyproject.toml`` 或 ``__init__.py``)
+    part : BumpVersionType
+        版本部分: patch, minor, major
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    str | None
+        更新后的新版本号; 文件中未找到版本号或读取失败时返回 None
+    """
+    version_tuple = _read_version_tuple(file_path)
+    if version_tuple is None:
+        print(f"文件 {file_path} 中未找到版本号模式")
+        return None
+
+    major, minor, patch = version_tuple
+    new_version = _calculate_new_version(major, minor, patch, part)
+
+    if not _write_version_to_file(file_path, new_version):  # pragma: no cover - _read_version_tuple 已验证
+        return None
+
+    return new_version
+
+
+@px.tool("bumpversion", help="版本号自动管理")
+def bump_project_version(part: BumpVersionType = "patch", no_tag: bool = False) -> str | None:
+    """批量同步项目所有版本号文件并提交.
+
+    扫描当前目录下所有 ``__init__.py`` 和 ``pyproject.toml`` 文件
+    (排除虚拟环境和缓存目录), 先读取每个文件的当前版本号取最大值作为基准,
+    计算新版本号后统一写入所有文件, 最后执行 git add (按文件名) + commit + tag.
+
+    采用 "先读取基准、再统一写入" 的两阶段策略, 即使某些文件版本号不同步,
+    也能在一次 bump 后重新对齐, 避免跳号.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    part : BumpVersionType
+        版本部分: patch, minor, major
+    no_tag : bool
+        提交后不创建 git tag
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    str | None
+        更新后的新版本号; 未找到版本号文件时返回 None
+    """
+    all_files: set[Path] = set()
+    for pattern in ("__init__.py", "pyproject.toml"):
+        for file in Path.cwd().rglob(pattern):
+            if not any(ignore_dir in file.parts for ignore_dir in _IGNORE_DIRS):
+                all_files.add(file)
+
+    if not all_files:
+        print("未找到包含版本号的文件")
+        return None
+
+    print(f"找到 {len(all_files)} 个文件需要更新版本号")
+    cwd = Path.cwd()
+    for file in sorted(all_files):
+        print(f"  - {file.relative_to(cwd)}")
+
+    # 阶段 1: 读取所有文件版本号, 取最大值作为基准
+    versions: list[tuple[int, int, int]] = []
+    for file in sorted(all_files):
+        v = _read_version_tuple(file)
+        if v is not None:
+            versions.append(v)
+
+    if not versions:
+        print("未能从任何文件读取版本号")
+        return None
+
+    major, minor, patch = max(versions)
+    new_version = _calculate_new_version(major, minor, patch, part)
+    print(f"基准版本: {major}.{minor}.{patch} -> 新版本: {new_version}")
+
+    # 阶段 2: 统一写入新版本号到所有文件
+    for file in sorted(all_files):
+        _write_version_to_file(file, new_version)
+
+    # 阶段 3: git add (按文件名) + commit + tag
+    relative_files = [str(file.relative_to(cwd)) for file in sorted(all_files)]
+    subprocess.run(["git", "add", *relative_files], check=True)
+    subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", f"bump version to {new_version}"], check=True)
+
+    if not no_tag:
+        tag_name = f"v{new_version}"
+        subprocess.run(["git", "tag", "-a", tag_name, "-m", f"Release {tag_name}"], check=True)
+        print(f"已创建标签: {tag_name}")
+
+    return new_version
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""clr - 清屏工具.
+
+跨平台清屏: Windows 调用 ``cls``, Linux/macOS 调用 ``clear``.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+@px.tool("clr", help="清屏 (跨平台)")
+def clear_screen_run() -> None:
+    """清屏 (跨平台).
+
+    Windows 调用 ``cls``, Linux/macOS 调用 ``clear``.
+    """
+    cmd = ["cls"] if Constants.IS_WINDOWS else ["clear"]
+    subprocess.run(cmd, check=False)
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""dockercmd - Docker 镜像登录工具.
+
+登录腾讯云 Docker 镜像仓库.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import getpass
+import subprocess
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+_DOCKER_MIRROR_TENCENT: str = "ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com"
+
+
+@px.tool("dockercmd", subcommand="login", help="登录腾讯云 Docker 镜像仓库")
+def docker_login_tencent(username: str = "") -> None:
+    """登录腾讯云 Docker 镜像仓库.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    username : str
+        Docker 用户名 (为空时由 docker 交互式提示输入)
+    """
+    user = username or getpass.getuser()
+    subprocess.run(["docker", "login", "--username", user, _DOCKER_MIRROR_TENCENT], check=False)
+    print(f"已尝试登录腾讯云镜像仓库 (用户: {user})")
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+"""envdev - 开发环境镜像源配置工具.
+
+配置 Python / Conda / Rust 镜像源 (Linux 还会安装 Qt 库、中文字体、Docker).
+所有镜像源参数互不影响, 可单独使用.
+Linux 专用操作 (系统镜像/Qt/字体/Docker) 在非 Linux 平台上由函数内部跳过.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import getpass
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Literal
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+__all__ = [
+    "download_rustup_script",
+    "install_linux_docker",
+    "install_linux_fonts",
+    "install_linux_qt_libs",
+    "install_rust_toolchain",
+    "setup_conda_mirror",
+    "setup_linux_system_mirror",
+    "setup_python_mirror",
+    "setup_rust_mirror",
+]
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 配置常量
+# ============================================================================
+
+PyMirrorType = Literal["tsinghua", "aliyun", "huaweicloud", "ustc", "zju"]
+CondaMirrorType = Literal["tsinghua", "ustc", "bsfu", "aliyun"]
+RustMirrorType = Literal["tsinghua", "ustc", "aliyun"]
+
+_PIP_INDEX_URLS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "tsinghua": "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple",
+    "aliyun": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/",
+    "huaweicloud": "https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple/",
+    "ustc": "https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/",
+    "zju": "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/pypi/simple/",
+}
+
+_PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "tsinghua": "pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn",
+    "aliyun": "mirrors.aliyun.com",
+    "huaweicloud": "mirrors.huaweicloud.com",
+    "ustc": "pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
+    "zju": "mirrors.zju.edu.cn",
+}
+
+_UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR: str = "https://registry.npmmirror.com/-/binary/python-build-standalone"
+
+_CONDA_MIRROR_URLS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+    "tsinghua": [
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/",
+        "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/",
+    ],
+    "ustc": [
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/dev/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/",
+        "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/",
+    ],
+    "bsfu": [
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/dev/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/",
+        "https://mirrors.bsfu.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/",
+    ],
+    "aliyun": [
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/main/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/free/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/r/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/msys2/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/pro/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/dev/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/menpo/",
+        "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/",
+    ],
+}
+
+_RUSTUP_MIRRORS: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {
+    "tsinghua": {
+        "RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup",
+        "RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup",
+        "TOML_REGISTRY": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/crates.io-index/",
+    },
+    "aliyun": {
+        "RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup",
+        "RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup",
+        "TOML_REGISTRY": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/crates.io-index/",
+    },
+    "ustc": {
+        "RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER": "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static",
+        "RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT": "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup",
+        "TOML_REGISTRY": "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/",
+    },
+}
+
+_RUST_SCCACHE_DIR: Path = Path.home() / ".cargo" / "sccache"
+_RUST_SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE: str = "20G"
+
+_QT_LIBS: list[str] = [
+    "build-essential",
+    "libgl1",
+    "libegl1",
+    "libglib2.0-0",
+    "libfontconfig1",
+    "libfreetype6",
+    "libxkbcommon0",
+    "libdbus-1-3",
+    "libxcb-xinerama0",
+    "libxcb-icccm4",
+    "libxcb-image0",
+    "libxcb-keysyms1",
+    "libxcb-randr0",
+    "libxcb-render-util0",
+    "libxcb-shape0",
+    "libxcb-xfixes0",
+    "libxcb-cursor0",
+]
+
+_CHINESE_FONTS: list[str] = [
+    "fonts-noto-cjk",
+    "fonts-wqy-microhei",
+    "fonts-wqy-zenhei",
+    "fonts-noto-color-emoji",
+]
+
+_DOWNLOAD_MIRROR_SCRIPT: str = "curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh -o /tmp/linuxmirrors.sh"
+_INSTALL_MIRROR_SCRIPT: str = "sudo bash /tmp/linuxmirrors.sh"
+
+_RUSTUP_DOWNLOAD_URL_LINUX: str = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/rust/rustup-init.sh"
+_RUSTUP_DOWNLOAD_URL_WINDOWS: str = "https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup/dist/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/rustup-init.exe"
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 私有辅助
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def _pip_config_path() -> Path:
+    """返回当前平台的 pip 配置文件路径."""
+    if Constants.IS_LINUX:
+        return Path.home() / ".pip" / "pip.conf"
+    return Path.home() / "pip" / "pip.ini"
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 镜像源配置函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("envdev", subcommand="setup-python", help="配置 Python 镜像源")
+def setup_python_mirror(mirror: str = "tsinghua") -> None:
+    """配置 Python 镜像源 (设置环境变量 + 写入 pip 配置文件).
+
+    设置 ``PIP_INDEX_URL`` / ``PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS`` / ``UV_INDEX_URL`` /
+    ``UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR`` 等环境变量, 并写入 pip 配置文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mirror : str
+        镜像源名称: tsinghua/aliyun/huaweicloud/ustc/zju (默认: tsinghua)
+    """
+    if mirror not in _PIP_INDEX_URLS:
+        print(f"未知 Python 镜像源: {mirror}")
+        return
+
+    index_url = _PIP_INDEX_URLS[mirror]
+    trusted_host = _PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS[mirror]
+
+    os.environ["PIP_INDEX_URL"] = index_url
+    os.environ["PIP_TRUSTED_HOSTS"] = trusted_host
+    os.environ["UV_INDEX_URL"] = index_url
+    os.environ["UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR"] = _UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR
+    os.environ["UV_HTTP_TIMEOUT"] = "600"
+    os.environ["UV_LINK_MODE"] = "copy"
+
+    config_path = _pip_config_path()
+    config_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    content = f"[global]\nindex-url = {index_url}\ntrusted-host = {trusted_host}\n"
+    config_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"Python 镜像源已配置: {mirror} -> {config_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("envdev", subcommand="setup-conda", help="配置 Conda 镜像源")
+def setup_conda_mirror(mirror: str = "tsinghua") -> None:
+    """配置 Conda 镜像源 (写入 ~/.condarc).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mirror : str
+        镜像源名称: tsinghua/ustc/bsfu/aliyun (默认: tsinghua)
+    """
+    if mirror not in _CONDA_MIRROR_URLS:
+        print(f"未知 Conda 镜像源: {mirror}")
+        return
+
+    urls = _CONDA_MIRROR_URLS[mirror]
+    config_path = Path.home() / ".condarc"
+    config_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    content = "show_channel_urls: true\nchannels:\n  - " + "\n  - ".join(urls) + "\n  - defaults\n"
+    config_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"Conda 镜像源已配置: {mirror} -> {config_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("envdev", subcommand="setup-rust", help="配置 Rust 镜像源")
+def setup_rust_mirror(mirror: str = "tsinghua", version: str = "stable") -> None:
+    """配置 Rust 镜像源 (设置环境变量 + 写入 cargo config + 创建 sccache 目录).
+
+    设置 ``RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER`` / ``RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT`` / ``RUST_SCCACHE_DIR``
+    等环境变量, 写入 ``~/.cargo/config.toml``, 并创建 sccache 缓存目录.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    mirror : str
+        镜像源名称: tsinghua/ustc/aliyun (默认: tsinghua)
+    version : str
+        Rust 版本 (未使用, 保留以与原 envdev 参数对齐)
+    """
+    del version  # 兼容旧参数, 实际安装由独立 job 处理
+
+    if mirror not in _RUSTUP_MIRRORS:
+        print(f"未知 Rust 镜像源: {mirror}")
+        return
+
+    mirrors = _RUSTUP_MIRRORS[mirror]
+    os.environ["RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER"] = mirrors["RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER"]
+    os.environ["RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT"] = mirrors["RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT"]
+    os.environ["RUST_SCCACHE_DIR"] = str(_RUST_SCCACHE_DIR)
+    os.environ["RUST_SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE"] = _RUST_SCCACHE_CACHE_SIZE
+
+    _RUST_SCCACHE_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    config_path = Path.home() / ".cargo" / "config.toml"
+    config_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    registry = mirrors["TOML_REGISTRY"]
+    content = (
+        f"\n[source.crates-io]\nreplace-with = '{mirror}'\n\n"
+        f'[source.{mirror}]\nregistry = "sparse+{registry}"\n\n'
+        f'[registries.{mirror}]\nindex = "sparse+{registry}"\n'
+    )
+    config_path.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"Rust 镜像源已配置: {mirror} -> {config_path}")
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Rust 工具链安装
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("envdev", subcommand="download-rustup", help="下载 Rustup 安装脚本")
+def download_rustup_script() -> None:
+    """下载 Rustup 安装脚本 (跨平台, 已安装 rustup 时跳过).
+
+    Linux 下载 ``rustup-init.sh``, Windows 下载 ``rustup-init.exe``.
+    """
+    if shutil.which("rustup") is not None:
+        print("rustup 已安装, 跳过下载")
+        return
+
+    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+        print("下载 rustup-init.exe...")
+        subprocess.run(
+            [
+                "powershell",
+                "-Command",
+                "Invoke-WebRequest",
+                "-Uri",
+                _RUSTUP_DOWNLOAD_URL_WINDOWS,
+                "-OutFile",
+                "rustup-init.exe",
+            ],
+            check=False,
+        )
+    else:
+        print("下载 rustup-init.sh...")
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["curl", "-fsSL", _RUSTUP_DOWNLOAD_URL_LINUX, "-o", "rustup-init.sh"],
+            check=False,
+        )
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "envdev",
+    subcommand="install-rust",
+    help="安装 Rust 工具链",
+    needs=["setup-rust", "download-rustup"],
+    allow_upstream_skip=True,
+)
+def install_rust_toolchain(version: str = "stable") -> None:
+    """安装 Rust 工具链 (rustup 未安装时跳过).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    version : str
+        Rust 版本: ``stable`` / ``nightly`` / ``beta`` (默认: ``stable``)
+    """
+    if shutil.which("rustup") is None:
+        print("rustup 未安装, 跳过工具链安装")
+        return
+
+    subprocess.run(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", version], check=False)
+    print(f"Rust 工具链 {version} 安装完成")
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Linux 专用函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("envdev", subcommand="setup-linux-mirror", help="配置 Linux 系统镜像源")
+def setup_linux_system_mirror() -> None:
+    """下载并安装 Linux 系统镜像源 (仅 Linux, 已配置国内镜像时跳过).
+
+    检查 ``/etc/apt/sources.list`` 与 ``/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources``
+    是否已配置国内镜像, 已配置则跳过; 未配置则下载并执行 linuxmirrors 脚本.
+    """
+    if not Constants.IS_LINUX:
+        print("setup_linux_system_mirror: 仅在 Linux 上执行")
+        return
+
+    apt_files = ["/etc/apt/sources.list", "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources"]
+    mirror_keys = list(_PIP_INDEX_URLS.keys())
+    already_configured = False
+    for apt_file in apt_files:
+        try:
+            content = Path(apt_file).read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+            continue
+        if any(mirror in content for mirror in mirror_keys):
+            already_configured = True
+            break
+
+    if already_configured:
+        print("已配置国内镜像源, 跳过系统镜像配置")
+        return
+
+    print("下载 linuxmirrors 脚本...")
+    subprocess.run(_DOWNLOAD_MIRROR_SCRIPT, shell=True, check=False)
+    print("安装 linuxmirrors...")
+    subprocess.run(_INSTALL_MIRROR_SCRIPT, shell=True, check=False)
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "envdev",
+    subcommand="install-qt-libs",
+    help="安装 Qt 依赖库",
+    needs=["setup-linux-mirror"],
+    allow_upstream_skip=True,
+)
+def install_linux_qt_libs() -> None:
+    """安装 Qt 依赖库 (仅 Linux)."""
+    if not Constants.IS_LINUX:
+        print("install_linux_qt_libs: 仅在 Linux 上执行")
+        return
+
+    subprocess.run(["sudo", "apt", "install", "-y", *_QT_LIBS], check=False)
+    print("Qt 依赖库安装完成")
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "envdev",
+    subcommand="install-fonts",
+    help="安装中文字体",
+    needs=["setup-linux-mirror"],
+    allow_upstream_skip=True,
+)
+def install_linux_fonts() -> None:
+    """安装中文字体 (仅 Linux)."""
+    if not Constants.IS_LINUX:
+        print("install_linux_fonts: 仅在 Linux 上执行")
+        return
+
+    subprocess.run(["sudo", "apt", "install", "-y", *_CHINESE_FONTS], check=False)
+    print("中文字体安装完成")
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "envdev",
+    subcommand="install-docker",
+    help="安装 Docker",
+    needs=["setup-linux-mirror"],
+    allow_upstream_skip=True,
+)
+def install_linux_docker() -> None:
+    """安装 Docker (仅 Linux)."""
+    if not Constants.IS_LINUX:
+        print("install_linux_docker: 仅在 Linux 上执行")
+        return
+
+    subprocess.run(["sudo", "apt", "install", "-y", "docker-compose-v2"], check=False)
+    subprocess.run(["sudo", "usermod", "-aG", "docker", getpass.getuser()], check=False)
+    print("Docker 安装完成 (需重新登录以生效 docker 用户组)")
@@ -1,18 +1,26 @@
-"""文件日期处理工具.
+"""filedate - 文件日期处理工具.

-自动检测文件名的日期前缀,
-并根据文件的实际创建或修改时间重命名文件.
+提供添加日期前缀/清除日期前缀 子命令.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
 import re
 import time
 from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

+__all__ = [
+    "DATE_PATTERN",
+    "SEP",
+    "add_date_prefix",
+    "get_file_timestamp",
+    "process_file_date",
+    "process_files_date",
+    "remove_date_prefix",
+]
+
 # ============================================================================
 # 配置
 # ============================================================================
@@ -22,7 +30,7 @@ SEP = "_"


 # ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
+# 公共函数
 # ============================================================================


@@ -69,11 +77,34 @@ def process_file_date(filepath: Path, clear: bool = False) -> None:
    if clear:
        remove_date_prefix(filepath)
    else:
-        # 先移除旧日期前缀，再添加新日期前缀
        new_path = remove_date_prefix(filepath)
        add_date_prefix(new_path)


+@px.tool("filedate", subcommand="add", help="添加日期前缀")
+def process_files_date_add(files: list[Path]) -> None:
+    """添加日期前缀.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    files : list[Path]
+        文件路径列表
+    """
+    process_files_date(files, clear=False)
+
+
+@px.tool("filedate", subcommand="clear", help="清除日期前缀")
+def process_files_date_clear(files: list[Path]) -> None:
+    """清除日期前缀.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    files : list[Path]
+        文件路径列表
+    """
+    process_files_date(files, clear=True)
+
+
 def process_files_date(targets: list[Path], clear: bool = False) -> None:
    """批量处理文件日期前缀.

@@ -87,51 +118,3 @@ def process_files_date(targets: list[Path], clear: bool = False) -> None:
    for target in targets:
        if target.exists() and not target.name.startswith("."):
            process_file_date(target, clear)
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """文件日期处理工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="FileDate - 文件日期处理工具",
-        usage="filedate <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 添加日期前缀命令
-    add_parser = subparsers.add_parser("add", help="添加日期前缀")
-    add_parser.add_argument("files", nargs="+", help="文件路径")
-
-    # 清除日期前缀命令
-    clear_parser = subparsers.add_parser("clear", help="清除日期前缀")
-    clear_parser.add_argument("files", nargs="+", help="文件路径")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "add":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "process_files_date",
-                fn=process_files_date,
-                args=([Path(f) for f in args.files],),
-                kwargs={"clear": False},
-            )
-        ])
-    elif args.command == "clear":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "process_files_date",
-                fn=process_files_date,
-                args=([Path(f) for f in args.files],),
-                kwargs={"clear": True},
-            )
-        ])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
-"""文件等级重命名工具.
+"""filelevel - 文件等级重命名工具.

-根据文件等级配置自动重命名文件,
-支持多种等级标识和括号格式.
+提供设置文件等级 子命令.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
 from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

+__all__ = [
+    "BRACKETS",
+    "LEVELS",
+    "process_file_level",
+    "process_files_level",
+    "remove_marks",
+]
+
 # ============================================================================
 # 配置
 # ============================================================================
@@ -27,7 +33,7 @@ BRACKETS: tuple[str, str] = (" ([_(【-", " )]_）】")


 # ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
+# 公共函数
 # ============================================================================


@@ -69,72 +75,34 @@ def process_file_level(filepath: Path, level: int = 0) -> None:
    filestem = filepath.stem
    original_stem = filestem

-    # 移除所有等级标记
    for level_names in LEVELS.values():
        if level_names:
            filestem = remove_marks(filestem, level_names.split(","))

-    # 移除数字标记
    for digit in map(str, range(1, 10)):
        filestem = remove_marks(filestem, [digit])

-    # 添加等级标记
    if level > 0:
        levelstr = LEVELS.get(str(level), "").split(",")[0]
        if levelstr:
            filestem = f"{filestem}({levelstr})"

-    # 重命名文件
    if filestem != original_stem:
        new_path = filepath.with_name(filestem + filepath.suffix)
        filepath.rename(new_path)
        print(f"重命名: {filepath} -> {new_path}")


-def process_files_level(targets: list[Path], level: int = 0) -> None:
+@px.tool("filelevel", subcommand="set", help="设置文件等级")
+def process_files_level(files: list[Path], level: int = 0) -> None:
    """批量处理文件等级标记.

    Parameters
    ----------
-    targets : list[Path]
+    files : list[Path]
        文件路径列表
    level : int
        文件等级 (0-4)
    """
-    for target in targets:
+    for target in files:
        process_file_level(target, level)
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """文件等级重命名工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="FileLevel - 文件等级重命名工具",
-        usage="filelevel <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 设置等级命令
-    level_parser = subparsers.add_parser("set", help="设置文件等级")
-    level_parser.add_argument("files", nargs="+", help="文件路径")
-    level_parser.add_argument("--level", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], required=True, help="文件等级 (0-4)")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "set":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "process_files_level", fn=process_files_level, args=([Path(f) for f in args.files], args.level)
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-"""文件夹备份工具.
+"""folderback - 文件夹备份工具.

-备份文件和文件夹为 zip 文件,
-自动删除超过最大数量的旧备份文件.
+备份当前文件夹到指定目录, 自动清理旧备份.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -12,8 +11,16 @@ from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

+__all__ = [
+    "backup_folder",
+    "folderback_default",
+    "remove_dump",
+    "zip_target",
+]
+
+
 # ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
+# 公共函数
 # ============================================================================


@@ -40,17 +47,18 @@ def zip_target(src: Path, dst: Path, max_zip: int) -> None:
    print(f"备份完成: {target_path}")


-def backup_folder(src: str, dst: str, max_zip: int = 5) -> None:
+@px.tool("folderback", help="备份文件夹")
+def backup_folder(src: str = ".", dst: str = "./backup", max_zip: int = 5) -> None:
    """备份文件夹.

    Parameters
    ----------
    src : str
-        源文件夹路径
+        源文件夹路径 (默认: 当前目录)
    dst : str
-        目标文件夹路径
+        目标文件夹路径 (默认: ./backup)
    max_zip : int
-        最大备份数量
+        最大备份数量 (默认: 5)
    """
    src_path = Path(src)
    dst_path = Path(dst)
@@ -66,29 +74,6 @@ def backup_folder(src: str, dst: str, max_zip: int = 5) -> None:
    zip_target(src_path, dst_path, max_zip)


-# ============================================================================
-# TaskSpec 定义
-# ============================================================================
-
-folderback_default: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec(
-    "folderback_default",
-    fn=lambda: backup_folder(".", "./backup", 5),
-)
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """文件夹备份工具主函数."""
-    runner = px.CliRunner(
-        strategy="thread",
-        description="FolderBack - 文件夹备份工具",
-        graphs={
-            # 备份当前目录到 ./backup
-            "b": px.Graph.from_specs([folderback_default]),
-        },
-    )
-    runner.run_cli()
+def folderback_default() -> None:
+    """备份当前目录到 ./backup."""
+    backup_folder(".", "./backup", 5)
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-"""文件夹压缩工具.
+"""folderzip - 文件夹压缩工具.

-压缩目录下的所有文件/文件夹为 zip 文件,
-默认压缩当前目录下的所有子文件夹.
+压缩当前目录下的所有子文件夹为 zip 文件.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -11,6 +10,15 @@ from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

+__all__ = [
+    "IGNORE_DIRS",
+    "IGNORE_EXT",
+    "IGNORE_FILES",
+    "archive_folder",
+    "folderzip_default",
+    "zip_folders",
+]
+
 # ============================================================================
 # 配置
 # ============================================================================
@@ -22,7 +30,7 @@ IGNORE_EXT: list[str] = [".zip", ".rar", ".7z", ".tar", ".gz"]


 # ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
+# 公共函数
 # ============================================================================


@@ -36,13 +44,14 @@ def archive_folder(folder: Path) -> None:
    print(f"压缩完成: {folder.name}.zip")


+@px.tool("folderzip", help="压缩文件夹")
 def zip_folders(cwd: str = ".") -> None:
    """压缩目录下的所有文件夹.

    Parameters
    ----------
    cwd : str
-        工作目录
+        工作目录 (默认: 当前目录)
    """
    cwd_path = Path(cwd)
    if not cwd_path.exists():
@@ -57,26 +66,6 @@ def zip_folders(cwd: str = ".") -> None:
        archive_folder(dir_path)


-# ============================================================================
-# TaskSpec 定义
-# ============================================================================
-
-folderzip_default: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("folderzip_default", fn=lambda: zip_folders("."))
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """文件夹压缩工具主函数."""
-    runner = px.CliRunner(
-        strategy="thread",
-        description="FolderZip - 文件夹压缩工具",
-        graphs={
-            # 压缩当前目录下的所有文件夹
-            "z": px.Graph.from_specs([folderzip_default]),
-        },
-    )
-    runner.run_cli()
+def folderzip_default() -> None:
+    """压缩当前目录下的所有文件夹."""
+    zip_folders(".")
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+"""gittool - Git 执行工具.
+
+提供添加提交/清理/初始化/推送/拉取 子命令.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+EXCLUDE_DIRS = [
+    # 编辑器相关目录
+    ".vscode",
+    ".idea",
+    ".editorconfig",
+    ".trae",
+    ".qoder",
+    # 项目相关目录
+    ".venv",
+    ".git",
+    ".ruff_cache",
+    ".tox",
+    "node_modules",
+]
+
+EXCLUDE_CMDS = [arg for d in EXCLUDE_DIRS for arg in ["-e", d]]
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 私有辅助函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def not_has_git_repo() -> bool:
+    """检查当前目录没有 Git 仓库."""
+    return not Path.cwd().exists() or not (Path.cwd() / ".git").is_dir()
+
+
+def has_files() -> bool:
+    """检查当前 Git 仓库是否有未提交的更改."""
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["git", "status", "--porcelain"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        return bool(result.stdout.strip())
+    except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError):
+        return False
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# fn 子命令
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("gittool", subcommand="a", help="添加并提交")
+def git_add_commit(message: str = "chore: update") -> None:
+    """执行 git add + git commit (仅当有未提交更改时).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    message : str
+        提交信息 (默认: ``chore: update``)
+    """
+    if not has_files():
+        print("没有文件需要提交")
+        return
+    subprocess.run(["git", "add", "."], check=True)
+    subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", message], check=True)
+
+
+@px.tool("gittool", subcommand="i", help="初始化并提交")
+def git_init_add_commit(message: str = "init commit") -> None:
+    """执行 git init (若需) + git add + git commit (若有更改).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    message : str
+        提交信息 (默认: ``init commit``)
+    """
+    if not_has_git_repo():
+        subprocess.run(["git", "init"], check=True)
+    if has_files():
+        subprocess.run(["git", "add", "."], check=True)
+        subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", message], check=True)
+    else:
+        print("没有文件需要提交")
+
+
+@px.tool("gittool", subcommand="isub", help="初始化子目录")
+def init_sub_dirs() -> None:
+    """初始化子目录的 Git 仓库."""
+    sub_dirs = [subdir for subdir in Path.cwd().iterdir() if subdir.is_dir()]
+    for subdir in sub_dirs:
+        px.run(
+            px.Graph().chain(
+                px.cmd(["git", "init"], conditions=(lambda _: not_has_git_repo(),), cwd=subdir),
+                px.cmd(["git", "add", "."]),
+                px.cmd(["git", "commit", "-m", "init commit"]),
+            ),
+        )
+
+
+# 兼容别名: 与 dev.py 旧函数名对齐, 便于外部调用
+a = git_add_commit
+i = git_init_add_commit
+isub = init_sub_dirs
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# cmd 子命令
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "gittool",
+    subcommand="clean",
+    help="清理未跟踪文件",
+    cmd=["git", "clean", "-xfd", *EXCLUDE_CMDS],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def clean() -> None:
+    """清理 Git 未跟踪文件 (隐藏命令, 被 c 依赖)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "gittool",
+    subcommand="c",
+    help="清理并查看状态",
+    cmd=["git", "status", "--porcelain"],
+    needs=["clean"],
+)
+def c() -> None:
+    """清理未跟踪文件并查看 Git 状态."""
+
+
+@px.tool("gittool", subcommand="p", help="推送", cmd=["git", "push"])
+def p() -> None:
+    """推送代码到远程仓库."""
+
+
+@px.tool("gittool", subcommand="pl", help="拉取", cmd=["git", "pull"])
+def pl() -> None:
+    """从远程仓库拉取代码."""
@@ -1,37 +1,19 @@
-"""LS-DYNA 计算工具.
+"""lscalc - LS-DYNA 计算工具.

-用于管理 LS-DYNA 仿真计算任务,
-支持启动、监控和管理计算进程.
+运行 LS-DYNA 计算 (单机/MPI) 与进程状态检查.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
 import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px
 from pyflowx.conditions import Constants

-# ============================================================================
-# 配置
-# ============================================================================
-
-LS_DYNA_COMMANDS: dict[str, list[str]] = {
-    "windows": ["ls-dyna_mpp", "i=input.k", "ncpu=4"],
-    "linux": ["ls-dyna_mpp", "i=input.k", "ncpu=8"],
-    "macos": ["ls-dyna_mpp", "i=input.k", "ncpu=4"],
-}
-
-DEFAULT_INPUT_FILE: str = "input.k"
 DEFAULT_NCPU: int = 4


-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
-
-
 def get_ls_dyna_command(input_file: str, ncpu: int) -> list[str]:
    """获取 LS-DYNA 命令.

@@ -53,6 +35,7 @@ def get_ls_dyna_command(input_file: str, ncpu: int) -> list[str]:
        return ["ls-dyna_mpp", f"i={input_file}", f"ncpu={ncpu}"]


+@px.tool("lscalc", subcommand="run", help="运行 LS-DYNA 计算")
 def run_ls_dyna(input_file: str, ncpu: int = DEFAULT_NCPU) -> None:
    """运行 LS-DYNA 计算.

@@ -78,6 +61,7 @@ def run_ls_dyna(input_file: str, ncpu: int = DEFAULT_NCPU) -> None:
        print(f"LS-DYNA 计算失败: {e}")


+@px.tool("lscalc", subcommand="mpi", help="运行 LS-DYNA MPI 计算")
 def run_ls_dyna_mpi(input_file: str, ncpu: int = DEFAULT_NCPU) -> None:
    """运行 LS-DYNA MPI 计算.

@@ -103,6 +87,7 @@ def run_ls_dyna_mpi(input_file: str, ncpu: int = DEFAULT_NCPU) -> None:
        print(f"LS-DYNA MPI 计算失败: {e}")


+@px.tool("lscalc", subcommand="status", help="检查 LS-DYNA 进程状态")
 def check_ls_dyna_status() -> None:
    """检查 LS-DYNA 进程状态."""
    try:
@@ -127,48 +112,3 @@ def check_ls_dyna_status() -> None:
                print("没有运行中的 LS-DYNA 进程")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"检查进程状态失败: {e}")
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """LS-DYNA 计算工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="LSCalc - LS-DYNA 计算工具",
-        usage="lscalc <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 运行计算命令
-    run_parser = subparsers.add_parser("run", help="运行 LS-DYNA 计算")
-    run_parser.add_argument("input_file", help="输入文件路径")
-    run_parser.add_argument("--ncpu", type=int, default=DEFAULT_NCPU, help="CPU 核心数")
-
-    # 运行 MPI 计算命令
-    mpi_parser = subparsers.add_parser("mpi", help="运行 LS-DYNA MPI 计算")
-    mpi_parser.add_argument("input_file", help="输入文件路径")
-    mpi_parser.add_argument("--ncpu", type=int, default=DEFAULT_NCPU, help="CPU 核心数")
-
-    # 检查进程状态命令
-    subparsers.add_parser("status", help="检查 LS-DYNA 进程状态")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "run":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [px.TaskSpec("run_ls_dyna", fn=run_ls_dyna, args=(args.input_file,), kwargs={"ncpu": args.ncpu})]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "mpi":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [px.TaskSpec("run_ls_dyna_mpi", fn=run_ls_dyna_mpi, args=(args.input_file,), kwargs={"ncpu": args.ncpu})]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "status":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("check_ls_dyna_status", fn=check_ls_dyna_status)])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""msdownload - ModelScope 模型/数据集下载工具.
+
+从 ModelScope 下载模型、数据集或空间.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+__all__ = ["msdownload_run"]
+
+
+@px.tool("msdownload", help="ModelScope 模型/数据集下载工具")
+def msdownload_run(name: str, target_type: str = "model", download_dir: str | None = None) -> None:
+    """从 ModelScope 下载模型/数据集/空间.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        目标名称 (如: ``Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct``)
+    target_type : str
+        目标类型: ``model`` / ``dataset`` / ``space`` (默认: ``model``)
+    download_dir : str | None
+        下载目录; 为 None 时默认 ``~/.models/<name 最后一段>``
+    """
+    if not name:
+        print("msdownload: name 不能为空")
+        return
+
+    if download_dir:
+        out_dir = Path(download_dir)
+    else:
+        out_dir = Path.home() / ".models" / name.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    cmd = ["uvx", "modelscope", "download", f"--{target_type}", name, "--local_dir", str(out_dir)]
+    print(f"下载 {target_type}: {name} -> {out_dir}")
+    subprocess.run(cmd, check=False)
@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
-"""Python 打包工具模块.
+"""packtool - Python 打包工具.

-提供 Python 项目打包的常用功能封装,
-支持源码打包、依赖打包、嵌入式 Python 安装等功能.
+提供源码打包/依赖打包/wheel 构建/嵌入式 Python 安装/zip 包创建/清理 子命令.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
+import platform
 import shutil
 import subprocess
+import urllib.request
 import zipfile
 from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

+__all__ = [
+    "clean_build_dir",
+    "create_zip_package",
+    "install_embed_python",
+    "pack_dependencies",
+    "pack_source",
+    "pack_wheel",
+]
+
 # ============================================================================
 # 配置
 # ============================================================================
@@ -41,23 +50,23 @@ IGNORE_PATTERNS = [


 # ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
+# 公共函数
 # ============================================================================


-def pack_source(project_dir: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
+@px.tool("packtool", subcommand="src", help="打包源码")
+def pack_source(project_dir: Path = Path(), output_dir: Path = Path(".pypack")) -> None:
    """打包项目源码.

    Parameters
    ----------
    project_dir : Path
-        项目目录
+        项目目录 (默认: 当前目录)
    output_dir : Path
-        输出目录
+        输出目录 (默认: .pypack)
    """
    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

-    # 检测项目名称
    pyproject_file = project_dir / "pyproject.toml"
    project_name = project_dir.name

@@ -71,11 +80,9 @@ def pack_source(project_dir: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
        except ImportError:
            pass

-    # 打包源码
    source_dir = output_dir / "src" / project_name
    source_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

-    # 复制文件
    src_subdir = project_dir / "src"
    if src_subdir.exists():
        shutil.copytree(
@@ -102,23 +109,26 @@ def pack_source(project_dir: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
    print(f"源码打包完成: {source_dir}")


-def pack_dependencies(lib_dir: Path, dependencies: list[str]) -> None:
+@px.tool("packtool", subcommand="deps", help="打包依赖")
+def pack_dependencies(lib_dir: Path = Path("libs"), dependencies: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
    """打包项目依赖.

    Parameters
    ----------
    lib_dir : Path
-        依赖库目录
-    dependencies : list[str]
+        依赖库目录 (默认: libs)
+    dependencies : list[str] | None
        依赖列表
    """
+    if dependencies is None:
+        dependencies = []
+
    lib_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    if not dependencies:
        print("没有依赖需要打包")
        return

-    # 使用 pip 安装依赖到目标目录
    cmd = [
        "pip",
        "install",
@@ -133,19 +143,19 @@ def pack_dependencies(lib_dir: Path, dependencies: list[str]) -> None:
    print(f"依赖打包完成: {lib_dir}")


-def pack_wheel(project_dir: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
+@px.tool("packtool", subcommand="wheel", help="构建 wheel")
+def pack_wheel(project_dir: Path = Path(), output_dir: Path = Path("dist")) -> None:
    """打包项目为 wheel 文件.

    Parameters
    ----------
    project_dir : Path
-        项目目录
+        项目目录 (默认: 当前目录)
    output_dir : Path
-        输出目录
+        输出目录 (默认: dist)
    """
    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

-    # 使用 pip wheel 打包
    cmd = [
        "pip",
        "wheel",
@@ -159,28 +169,25 @@ def pack_wheel(project_dir: Path, output_dir: Path) -> None:
    print(f"Wheel 打包完成: {output_dir}")


-def install_embed_python(version: str, output_dir: Path) -> None:
+@px.tool("packtool", subcommand="embed", help="安装嵌入式 Python")
+def install_embed_python(version: str = "3.10", output_dir: Path = Path("python")) -> None:
    """安装嵌入式 Python.

    Parameters
    ----------
    version : str
-        Python 版本 (如: 3.10, 3.11)
+        Python 版本 (如: 3.10, 3.11), 默认 3.10
    output_dir : Path
-        输出目录
+        输出目录 (默认: python)
    """
-    import platform
-
    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

-    # 构建下载 URL
    arch = platform.machine().lower()
    if arch in ["x86_64", "amd64"]:
        arch = "amd64"
    elif arch in ["arm64", "aarch64"]:
        arch = "arm64"

-    # 解析完整版本号
    version_map = {
        "3.8": "3.8.10",
        "3.9": "3.9.13",
@@ -190,36 +197,32 @@ def install_embed_python(version: str, output_dir: Path) -> None:
    }
    full_version = version_map.get(version, f"{version}.0")

-    # Windows 嵌入式 Python 下载 URL
    url = f"https://www.python.org/ftp/python/{full_version}/python-{full_version}-embed-{arch}.zip"

-    # 下载并解压
    cache_file = Path(DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR) / f"python-{full_version}-embed-{arch}.zip"
    cache_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    if not cache_file.exists():
        print(f"正在下载嵌入式 Python {full_version}...")
-        import urllib.request
-
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, cache_file)
        print(f"下载完成: {cache_file}")

-    # 解压
    with zipfile.ZipFile(cache_file, "r") as zf:
        zf.extractall(output_dir)

    print(f"嵌入式 Python 安装完成: {output_dir}")


-def create_zip_package(source_dir: Path, output_file: Path) -> None:
+@px.tool("packtool", subcommand="zip", help="创建 zip 包")
+def create_zip_package(source_dir: Path = Path(), output_file: Path = Path("package.zip")) -> None:
    """创建 ZIP 打包文件.

    Parameters
    ----------
    source_dir : Path
-        源目录
+        源目录 (默认: 当前目录)
    output_file : Path
-        输出文件
+        输出文件 (默认: package.zip)
    """
    output_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

@@ -232,118 +235,17 @@ def create_zip_package(source_dir: Path, output_file: Path) -> None:
    print(f"ZIP 打包完成: {output_file}")


-def clean_build_dir(build_dir: Path) -> None:
+@px.tool("packtool", subcommand="clean", help="清理构建目录")
+def clean_build_dir(build_dir: Path = Path(".pypack")) -> None:
    """清理构建目录.

    Parameters
    ----------
    build_dir : Path
-        构建目录
+        构建目录 (默认: .pypack)
    """
    if build_dir.exists():
        shutil.rmtree(build_dir)
        print(f"清理完成: {build_dir}")
    else:
        print(f"目录不存在: {build_dir}")
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """Python 打包工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="PackTool - Python 打包工具",
-        usage="packtool <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 源码打包命令
-    src_parser = subparsers.add_parser("src", help="打包项目源码")
-    src_parser.add_argument("--project-dir", type=str, default=".", help="项目目录")
-    src_parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=str, default=DEFAULT_BUILD_DIR, help="输出目录")
-
-    # 依赖打包命令
-    deps_parser = subparsers.add_parser("deps", help="打包项目依赖")
-    deps_parser.add_argument("--lib-dir", type=str, default=DEFAULT_LIB_DIR, help="依赖库目录")
-    deps_parser.add_argument("dependencies", nargs="*", help="依赖列表")
-
-    # Wheel 打包命令
-    wheel_parser = subparsers.add_parser("wheel", help="打包项目为 wheel 文件")
-    wheel_parser.add_argument("--project-dir", type=str, default=".", help="项目目录")
-    wheel_parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=str, default=DEFAULT_DIST_DIR, help="输出目录")
-
-    # 嵌入式 Python 安装命令
-    embed_parser = subparsers.add_parser("embed", help="安装嵌入式 Python")
-    embed_parser.add_argument("--version", type=str, default="3.10", help="Python 版本")
-    embed_parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=str, default="python", help="输出目录")
-
-    # ZIP 打包命令
-    zip_parser = subparsers.add_parser("zip", help="创建 ZIP 打包文件")
-    zip_parser.add_argument("--source-dir", type=str, default=".", help="源目录")
-    zip_parser.add_argument("--output-file", type=str, default="package.zip", help="输出文件")
-
-    # 清理命令
-    subparsers.add_parser("clean", help="清理构建目录")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "src":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "pack_source",
-                    fn=pack_source,
-                    args=(Path(args.project_dir), Path(args.output_dir)),
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "deps":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "pack_deps",
-                    fn=pack_dependencies,
-                    args=(Path(args.lib_dir), args.dependencies),
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "wheel":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "pack_wheel",
-                    fn=pack_wheel,
-                    args=(Path(args.project_dir), Path(args.output_dir)),
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "embed":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "install_embed",
-                    fn=install_embed_python,
-                    args=(args.version, Path(args.output_dir)),
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "zip":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [
-                px.TaskSpec(
-                    "create_zip",
-                    fn=create_zip_package,
-                    args=(Path(args.source_dir), Path(args.output_file)),
-                )
-            ]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "clean":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("clean_build", fn=clean_build_dir, args=(Path(DEFAULT_BUILD_DIR),))])
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+"""pdftool - PDF 文件工具集.
+
+提供 PDF 合并/拆分/压缩/加密/解密/提取文本/提取图片/水印/旋转/裁剪/
+信息/OCR/转图片/修复 等子命令.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+__all__ = [
+    "pdf_add_watermark",
+    "pdf_compress",
+    "pdf_crop",
+    "pdf_decrypt",
+    "pdf_encrypt",
+    "pdf_extract_images",
+    "pdf_extract_text",
+    "pdf_info",
+    "pdf_merge",
+    "pdf_ocr",
+    "pdf_reorder",
+    "pdf_repair",
+    "pdf_rotate",
+    "pdf_split",
+    "pdf_to_images",
+]
+
+try:
+    import fitz  # PyMuPDF
+
+    HAS_PYMUPDF = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_PYMUPDF = False
+
+try:
+    import pypdf
+
+    HAS_PYPDF = True
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_PYPDF = False
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="m", help="合并 PDF")
+def pdf_merge(input_paths: list[Path], output_path: Path = Path("merged.pdf")) -> None:
+    """合并多个 PDF 文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_paths : list[Path]
+        输入 PDF 文件列表
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: merged.pdf)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYPDF:
+        print("未安装 pypdf 库, 请安装: pip install pypdf")
+        return
+
+    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
+    for input_path in input_paths:
+        if input_path.exists():
+            reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
+            for page in reader.pages:
+                writer.add_page(page)
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
+        writer.write(f)
+
+    print(f"合并完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="s", help="拆分 PDF")
+def pdf_split(input_path: Path, output_dir: Path = Path("split")) -> None:
+    """拆分 PDF 文件为单页.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_dir : Path
+        输出目录 (默认: split)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYPDF:
+        print("未安装 pypdf 库, 请安装: pip install pypdf")
+        return
+
+    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
+        writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
+        writer.add_page(page)
+        output_file = output_dir / f"{input_path.stem}_page_{i + 1}.pdf"
+        with open(output_file, "wb") as f:
+            writer.write(f)
+
+    print(f"拆分完成: {output_dir}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="c", help="压缩 PDF")
+def pdf_compress(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("compressed.pdf")) -> None:
+    """压缩 PDF 文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: compressed.pdf)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    doc.save(str(output_path), garbage=4, deflate=True, clean=True)
+    doc.close()
+
+    original_size = input_path.stat().st_size
+    new_size = output_path.stat().st_size
+    ratio = (1 - new_size / original_size) * 100
+    print(f"压缩完成: {output_path} (缩小 {ratio:.1f}%)")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="e", help="加密 PDF")
+def pdf_encrypt(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("encrypted.pdf"), password: str = "") -> None:
+    """加密 PDF 文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: encrypted.pdf)
+    password : str
+        密码 (必填)
+    """
+    if not password:
+        print("错误: --password 为必填参数")
+        return
+    if not HAS_PYPDF:
+        print("未安装 pypdf 库, 请安装: pip install pypdf")
+        return
+
+    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
+    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
+
+    for page in reader.pages:
+        writer.add_page(page)
+
+    writer.encrypt(user_password=password, owner_password=password, use_128bit=True)
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
+        writer.write(f)
+
+    print(f"加密完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="d", help="解密 PDF")
+def pdf_decrypt(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("decrypted.pdf"), password: str = "") -> None:
+    """解密 PDF 文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: decrypted.pdf)
+    password : str
+        密码 (必填)
+    """
+    if not password:
+        print("错误: --password 为必填参数")
+        return
+    if not HAS_PYPDF:
+        print("未安装 pypdf 库, 请安装: pip install pypdf")
+        return
+
+    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
+    if reader.is_encrypted:
+        reader.decrypt(password)
+
+    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
+    for page in reader.pages:
+        writer.add_page(page)
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
+        writer.write(f)
+
+    print(f"解密完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="xt", help="提取文本")
+def pdf_extract_text(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("output.txt")) -> None:
+    """提取 PDF 文本.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: output.txt)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    text = ""
+    for page in doc:
+        text += str(page.get_text()) + "\n\n"
+    doc.close()
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    output_path.write_text(text, encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"文本提取完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="xi", help="提取图片")
+def pdf_extract_images(input_path: Path, output_dir: Path = Path("images")) -> None:
+    """提取 PDF 图片.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_dir : Path
+        输出目录 (默认: images)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    image_count = 0
+    # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
+    for page_num, page in enumerate(doc):
+        images = page.get_images(full=True)
+        for img_idx, img in enumerate(images):
+            xref = img[0]
+            base_image = doc.extract_image(xref)
+            image_data = base_image["image"]
+            image_ext = base_image["ext"]
+            image_path = output_dir / f"page_{page_num + 1}_img_{img_idx + 1}.{image_ext}"
+            image_path.write_bytes(image_data)
+            image_count += 1
+
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"图片提取完成: {output_dir} (共 {image_count} 张)")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="w", help="添加水印")
+def pdf_add_watermark(
+    input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("watermarked.pdf"), text: str = "CONFIDENTIAL"
+) -> None:
+    """添加 PDF 水印.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: watermarked.pdf)
+    text : str
+        水印文字 (默认: CONFIDENTIAL)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    for page in doc:
+        rect = page.rect
+        text_width = fitz.get_text_length(text, fontsize=48)
+        x = (rect.width - text_width) / 2
+        y = rect.height / 2
+        page.insert_text((x, y), text, fontsize=48, rotate=45, color=(0, 0, 0))
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    doc.save(str(output_path))
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"水印添加完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="r", help="旋转 PDF")
+def pdf_rotate(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("rotated.pdf"), rotation: int = 90) -> None:
+    """旋转 PDF 页面.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: rotated.pdf)
+    rotation : int
+        旋转角度 (默认: 90)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    for page in doc:
+        page.set_rotation(rotation)
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    doc.save(str(output_path))
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"旋转完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="crop", help="裁剪 PDF")
+def pdf_crop(
+    input_path: Path,
+    output_path: Path = Path("cropped.pdf"),
+    margins: tuple[int, int, int, int] = (10, 10, 10, 10),
+) -> None:
+    """裁剪 PDF 页面.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: cropped.pdf)
+    margins : tuple[int, int, int, int]
+        边距 (左, 上, 右, 下), 默认 (10, 10, 10, 10)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    left, top, right, bottom = margins
+
+    for page in doc:
+        rect = page.rect
+        new_rect = fitz.Rect(
+            rect.x0 + left,
+            rect.y0 + top,
+            rect.x1 - right,
+            rect.y1 - bottom,
+        )
+        page.set_cropbox(new_rect)
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    doc.save(str(output_path))
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"裁剪完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="i", help="查看 PDF 信息")
+def pdf_info(input_path: Path) -> None:
+    """显示 PDF 信息.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    print(f"文件: {input_path}")
+    print(f"页数: {doc.page_count}")
+    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
+    print(f"标题: {doc.metadata.get('title', 'N/A')}")
+    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
+    print(f"作者: {doc.metadata.get('author', 'N/A')}")
+    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
+    print(f"创建日期: {doc.metadata.get('creationDate', 'N/A')}")
+    # pyrefly: ignore [missing-attribute]
+    print(f"修改日期: {doc.metadata.get('modDate', 'N/A')}")
+    print(f"文件大小: {input_path.stat().st_size / 1024:.1f} KB")
+    doc.close()
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="ocr", help="PDF OCR 识别")
+def pdf_ocr(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("ocr.pdf"), lang: str = "chi_sim+eng") -> None:
+    """PDF OCR 识别.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: ocr.pdf)
+    lang : str
+        识别语言 (默认: chi_sim+eng)
+    """
+    try:
+        import pytesseract
+        from PIL import Image
+    except ImportError:
+        print("未安装 OCR 相关库, 请安装: pip install pytesseract pillow")
+        return
+
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    new_doc = fitz.open()
+
+    for page in doc:
+        pix = page.get_pixmap()
+        img = Image.frombytes("RGB", (pix.width, pix.height), pix.samples)
+        ocr_text = pytesseract.image_to_string(img, lang=lang)
+
+        new_page = new_doc.new_page(width=page.rect.width, height=page.rect.height)
+        new_page.insert_image(new_page.rect, pixmap=pix)
+        text_rect = fitz.Rect(0, 0, page.rect.width, page.rect.height)
+        # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
+        new_page.insert_textbox(text_rect, ocr_text, fontname="china-ss", fontsize=11)
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    new_doc.save(str(output_path))
+    new_doc.close()
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"OCR 识别完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+def pdf_reorder(input_path: Path, output_path: Path, order: list[int]) -> None:
+    """重排 PDF 页面顺序.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件
+    order : list[int]
+        页面顺序列表 (0-based)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYPDF:
+        print("未安装 pypdf 库, 请安装: pip install pypdf")
+        return
+
+    reader = pypdf.PdfReader(str(input_path))
+    writer = pypdf.PdfWriter()
+
+    for page_num in order:
+        if 0 <= page_num < len(reader.pages):
+            writer.add_page(reader.pages[page_num])
+
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(output_path, "wb") as f:
+        writer.write(f)
+
+    print(f"重排完成: {output_path}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="img", help="PDF 转图片")
+def pdf_to_images(input_path: Path, output_dir: Path = Path("images"), dpi: int = 300) -> None:
+    """PDF 转图片.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_dir : Path
+        输出目录 (默认: images)
+    dpi : int
+        DPI (默认: 300)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
+    for page_num, page in enumerate(doc):
+        pix = page.get_pixmap(dpi=dpi)
+        image_path = output_dir / f"{input_path.stem}_page_{page_num + 1}.png"
+        pix.save(str(image_path))
+
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"转换完成: {output_dir}")
+
+
+@px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="repair", help="修复 PDF")
+def pdf_repair(input_path: Path, output_path: Path = Path("repaired.pdf")) -> None:
+    """修复 PDF 文件.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    input_path : Path
+        输入 PDF 文件
+    output_path : Path
+        输出文件 (默认: repaired.pdf)
+    """
+    if not HAS_PYMUPDF:
+        print("未安装 PyMuPDF 库, 请安装: pip install PyMuPDF")
+        return
+
+    doc = fitz.open(str(input_path))
+    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    doc.save(str(output_path), garbage=4, deflate=True, clean=True)
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"修复完成: {output_path}")
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""piptool - pip 包管理工具.
+
+提供安装/卸载/重装/下载/升级 pip/冻结依赖 子命令.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import fnmatch
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+__all__ = [
+    "pip_download",
+    "pip_freeze",
+    "pip_install",
+    "pip_reinstall",
+    "pip_uninstall",
+    "pip_upgrade",
+]
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 配置
+# ============================================================================
+
+PACKAGE_DIR = "packages"
+REQUIREMENTS_FILE = "requirements.txt"
+
+_PROTECTED_PACKAGES: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    {
+        "pyflowx",
+        "bitool",
+    }
+)
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 私有辅助函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+def _get_installed_packages() -> list[str]:
+    """获取当前环境中所有已安装的包名."""
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            ["pip", "list", "--format=freeze"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        packages: list[str] = []
+        for line in result.stdout.strip().split("\n"):
+            if line and "==" in line:
+                pkg_name = line.split("==")[0].strip()
+                packages.append(pkg_name)
+    except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError):
+        return []
+    return packages
+
+
+def _expand_wildcard_packages(pattern: str) -> list[str]:
+    """展开通配符模式为实际的包名列表."""
+    if not any(char in pattern for char in ["*", "?", "[", "]"]):
+        return [pattern]
+
+    installed_packages = _get_installed_packages()
+    matched = [pkg for pkg in installed_packages if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(pkg.lower(), pattern.lower())]
+    return matched
+
+
+def _filter_protected_packages(packages: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """过滤掉受保护的包名."""
+    safe = [p for p in packages if p.lower() not in {p.lower() for p in _PROTECTED_PACKAGES}]
+    filtered = [p for p in packages if p.lower() in {p.lower() for p in _PROTECTED_PACKAGES}]
+    if filtered:
+        print(f"跳过受保护的包: {', '.join(filtered)}")
+    return safe
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 公共函数
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("piptool", subcommand="i", help="安装包")
+def pip_install(packages: list[str]) -> None:
+    """安装包.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    packages : list[str]
+        包名列表
+    """
+    subprocess.run(["pip", "install", *packages], check=True)
+    print(f"安装完成: {', '.join(packages)}")
+
+
+@px.tool("piptool", subcommand="u", help="卸载包")
+def pip_uninstall(packages: list[str]) -> None:
+    """卸载包.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    packages : list[str]
+        包名列表
+    """
+    packages_to_uninstall: list[str] = []
+    for pattern in packages:
+        packages_to_uninstall.extend(_expand_wildcard_packages(pattern))
+
+    packages_to_uninstall = _filter_protected_packages(packages_to_uninstall)
+
+    if not packages_to_uninstall:
+        return
+
+    subprocess.run(["pip", "uninstall", "-y", *packages_to_uninstall], check=True)
+
+
+@px.tool("piptool", subcommand="r", help="重装包")
+def pip_reinstall(packages: list[str], offline: bool = False) -> None:
+    """重新安装包.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    packages : list[str]
+        包名列表
+    offline : bool
+        离线模式
+    """
+    safe_ps = _filter_protected_packages(packages)
+    if not safe_ps:
+        print("所有指定的包均为受保护包, 跳过重装")
+        return
+
+    subprocess.run(["pip", "uninstall", "-y", *safe_ps], check=True)
+
+    options = ["--no-index", "--find-links", "."] if offline else []
+    subprocess.run(["pip", "install", *options, *safe_ps], check=True)
+
+
+@px.tool("piptool", subcommand="d", help="下载包")
+def pip_download(packages: list[str], offline: bool = False) -> None:
+    """下载包.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    packages : list[str]
+        包名列表
+    offline : bool
+        离线模式
+    """
+    options = ["--no-index", "--find-links", "."] if offline else []
+    subprocess.run(
+        ["pip", "download", *packages, *options, "-d", PACKAGE_DIR],
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+
+@px.tool("piptool", subcommand="up", help="升级 pip")
+def pip_upgrade() -> None:
+    """升级 pip 到最新版本."""
+    subprocess.run(["python", "-m", "pip", "install", "--upgrade", "pip"], check=True)
+    print("pip 升级完成")
+
+
+@px.tool("piptool", subcommand="f", help="导出依赖")
+def pip_freeze() -> None:
+    """冻结依赖到 requirements.txt."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["pip", "freeze", "--exclude-editable"],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+    Path(REQUIREMENTS_FILE).write_text(result.stdout)
+    print(f"依赖已导出到 {REQUIREMENTS_FILE}")
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"""pymake - 项目构建工具.
+
+提供构建/测试/清理/文档/格式化/发布等子命令.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "b",
+    "ba",
+    "bc",
+    "bump",
+    "bumpmi",
+    "bumpversion",
+    "c",
+    "cov",
+    "doc",
+    "git_add_all",
+    "git_push",
+    "git_push_tags",
+    "lint",
+    "p",
+    "pb",
+    "publish_python",
+    "pyrefly_check",
+    "sync",
+    "t",
+    "tc",
+    "test_coverage",
+    "tf",
+    "tox",
+    "twine_publish",
+]
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 单任务别名 (cmd 任务)
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="b", help="构建 Python 主包 (uv build)", cmd=["uv", "build"])
+def b(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """构建 Python 主包."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="bc", help="构建 Rust 核心模块 (maturin build)", cmd=["maturin", "build", "-r"])
+def bc(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """构建 Rust 核心模块."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="sync", help="同步依赖 (uv sync)", cmd=["uv", "sync"])
+def sync(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """同步依赖."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="c", help="清理构建产物 (调用 gitt c)", cmd=["pf", "gitt", "c"])
+def c(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """清理构建产物."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="t",
+    help="运行测试",
+    cmd=["pytest", "-m", "not slow", "-n", "8", "--dist", "loadfile", "--color=yes", "--durations=10"],
+)
+def t(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """运行测试 (含并行)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="tf",
+    help="快速测试 (无 slow)",
+    cmd=["pytest", "-m", "not slow", "--dist", "loadfile", "--color=yes", "--durations=10"],
+)
+def tf(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """快速测试 (无 slow, 无并行)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="bumpmi", help="升级次版本号 (bumpversion minor)", cmd=["pf", "bumpversion", "minor"])
+def bumpmi(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """升级次版本号."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="doc",
+    help="构建 Sphinx 文档",
+    cmd=["sphinx-build", "-b", "html", "docs", "docs/_build"],
+)
+def doc(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """构建 Sphinx 文档."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="lint", help="代码格式化与检查 (ruff)", cmd=["ruff", "check", "--fix", "--unsafe-fixes"])
+def lint(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """代码格式化与检查."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="tox", help="多版本测试 (tox)", cmd=["tox", "-p", "auto"])
+def tox(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """多版本测试."""
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 内部 job (hidden, 不暴露为 subcommand)
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="bumpversion",
+    help="升级版本号 (patch)",
+    cmd=["pf", "bumpversion", "patch"],
+    needs=["git_add_all"],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def bumpversion(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """升级版本号 (patch, 内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="test_coverage",
+    help="测试并生成覆盖率",
+    cmd=["pytest", "--cov", "-n", "8", "--dist", "loadfile", "--tb=short", "-v", "--color=yes", "--durations=10"],
+    needs=["c"],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def test_coverage(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """测试并生成覆盖率 (内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="pyrefly_check",
+    help="pyrefly 类型检查",
+    cmd=["pyrefly", "check", "."],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def pyrefly_check(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """pyrefly 类型检查 (内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="git_add_all",
+    help="git add -A",
+    cmd=["git", "add", "-A"],
+    needs=["tc"],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def git_add_all(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """git add -A (内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="git_push", help="git push", cmd=["git", "push"], hidden=True)
+def git_push(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """git push (内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="git_push_tags",
+    help="git push --tags",
+    cmd=["git", "push", "--tags"],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def git_push_tags(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """git push --tags (内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="twine_publish",
+    help="twine upload",
+    cmd=["twine", "upload", "--disable-progress-bar"],
+    hidden=True,
+)
+def twine_publish(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """twine upload (内部 job)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="publish_python", help="hatch publish", cmd=["hatch", "publish"], hidden=True)
+def publish_python(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """hatch publish (内部 job)."""
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# 聚合 job (有 needs 无 cmd)
+# ============================================================================
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="ba", help="构建所有包 (Python + Rust)", needs=["b", "bc"], strategy="thread")
+def ba(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """构建所有包 (Python + Rust)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="bump", help="升级版本号 (清理 + 检查 + add + bumpversion)", needs=["bumpversion"])
+def bump(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """升级版本号 (聚合)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="cov", help="测试并生成覆盖率", needs=["test_coverage"])
+def cov(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """测试并生成覆盖率 (聚合)."""
+
+
+@px.tool(
+    "pymake",
+    subcommand="tc",
+    help="类型检查 (pyrefly + ruff)",
+    needs=["c", "pyrefly_check", "lint"],
+    strategy="thread",
+)
+def tc(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """类型检查 (聚合)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="p", help="推送代码 (清理 + push + push tags)", needs=["c", "git_push", "git_push_tags"], strategy="thread")
+def p(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """推送代码 (聚合)."""
+
+
+@px.tool("pymake", subcommand="pb", help="发布到 PyPI (twine + hatch)", needs=["twine_publish", "publish_python"], strategy="thread")
+def pb(cwd: Path = Path()) -> None:
+    """发布到 PyPI (聚合)."""
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"""reseticoncache - 重置 Windows 图标缓存工具.
+
+执行流程: 杀掉 explorer → 删除 IconCache.db → 删除 iconcache* → 重启 explorer.
+仅在 Windows 上执行, 非 Windows 平台打印提示并跳过.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+@px.tool("reseticoncache", help="重置 Windows 图标缓存")
+def reset_icon_cache_run() -> None:
+    """重置 Windows 图标缓存.
+
+    执行流程: 杀掉 explorer → 删除 IconCache.db → 删除 iconcache* → 重启 explorer.
+    仅在 Windows 上执行, 非 Windows 平台打印提示并跳过.
+    """
+    if not Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+        print("reset_icon_cache: 仅在 Windows 上支持")
+        return
+
+    local_app_data = os.environ.get("LOCALAPPDATA", "")
+    if not local_app_data:
+        print("reset_icon_cache: LOCALAPPDATA 环境变量未设置")
+        return
+
+    icon_cache_db = Path(local_app_data) / "IconCache.db"
+    explorer_cache_dir = Path(local_app_data) / "Microsoft" / "Windows" / "Explorer"
+
+    print("正在终止 explorer 进程...")
+    subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/f", "/im", "explorer.exe"], check=False)
+
+    if icon_cache_db.exists():
+        print(f"删除图标缓存: {icon_cache_db}")
+        subprocess.run(["cmd", "/c", "del", "/a", "/q", str(icon_cache_db)], check=False)
+
+    if explorer_cache_dir.exists():
+        print(f"清理 Explorer 缓存: {explorer_cache_dir}")
+        subprocess.run(
+            ["cmd", "/c", "del", "/a", "/q", str(explorer_cache_dir / "iconcache*")],
+            check=False,
+        )
+
+    print("重启 explorer...")
+    subprocess.run(["cmd", "/c", "start", "explorer.exe"], check=False)
+    print("图标缓存已重置")
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-"""截图工具.
+"""screenshot - 截图工具.

-跨平台截图工具, 支持全屏截图和区域截图.
+跨平台截图: Windows 用 PowerShell, macOS 用 screencapture, Linux 用 gnome-screenshot/scrot.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
 import subprocess
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -13,10 +12,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import pyflowx as px
 from pyflowx.conditions import Constants

-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
-

 def get_screenshot_path(filename: str | None = None) -> Path:
    """获取截图保存路径.
@@ -40,6 +35,7 @@ def get_screenshot_path(filename: str | None = None) -> Path:
    return screenshots_dir / filename


+@px.tool("screenshot", subcommand="full", help="全屏截图")
 def take_screenshot_full(filename: str | None = None) -> None:
    """全屏截图.

@@ -51,7 +47,6 @@ def take_screenshot_full(filename: str | None = None) -> None:
    output_path = get_screenshot_path(filename)

    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
-        # Windows: 使用 PowerShell 截图
        ps_script = f"""
 Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
 Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing
@@ -66,10 +61,8 @@ $bitmap.Dispose()
 """
        subprocess.run(["powershell", "-Command", ps_script], check=True)
    elif Constants.IS_MACOS:
-        # macOS: 使用 screencapture
        subprocess.run(["screencapture", "-x", str(output_path)], check=True)
    else:
-        # Linux: 使用 gnome-screenshot 或 scrot
        try:
            subprocess.run(["gnome-screenshot", "-f", str(output_path)], check=True)
        except FileNotFoundError:
@@ -78,6 +71,7 @@ $bitmap.Dispose()
    print(f"截图已保存: {output_path}")


+@px.tool("screenshot", subcommand="area", help="区域截图")
 def take_screenshot_area(filename: str | None = None) -> None:
    """区域截图.

@@ -89,7 +83,6 @@ def take_screenshot_area(filename: str | None = None) -> None:
    output_path = get_screenshot_path(filename)

    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
-        # Windows: 使用 PowerShell 截图 (需要用户选择区域)
        ps_script = f"""
 Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
 Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Drawing
@@ -113,51 +106,11 @@ $bitmap.Dispose()
 """
        subprocess.run(["powershell", "-Command", ps_script], check=True)
    elif Constants.IS_MACOS:
-        # macOS: 使用 screencapture 交互模式
        subprocess.run(["screencapture", "-i", str(output_path)], check=True)
    else:
-        # Linux: 使用 gnome-screenshot 交互模式
        try:
            subprocess.run(["gnome-screenshot", "-a", "-f", str(output_path)], check=True)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            subprocess.run(["scrot", "-s", str(output_path)], check=True)

    print(f"截图已保存: {output_path}")
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """截图工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Screenshot - 截图工具",
-        usage="screenshot <command> [options]",
-    )
-    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
-
-    # 全屏截图命令
-    full_parser = subparsers.add_parser("full", help="全屏截图")
-    full_parser.add_argument("--filename", type=str, help="文件名")
-
-    # 区域截图命令
-    area_parser = subparsers.add_parser("area", help="区域截图")
-    area_parser.add_argument("--filename", type=str, help="文件名")
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    if args.command == "full":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [px.TaskSpec("screenshot_full", fn=take_screenshot_full, kwargs={"filename": args.filename})]
-        )
-    elif args.command == "area":
-        graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-            [px.TaskSpec("screenshot_area", fn=take_screenshot_area, kwargs={"filename": args.filename})]
-        )
-    else:
-        parser.print_help()
-        return
-
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""sglang - SGLang 本地模型服务工具.
+
+提供安装与启动 SGLang 服务的子命令.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+__all__ = [
+    "install_sglang",
+    "run_sglang",
+]
+
+
+@px.tool("sglang", subcommand="install", help="安装 sglang")
+def install_sglang() -> None:
+    """安装 sglang (若未安装).
+
+    通过 ``shutil.which`` 检测 sglang 是否已安装, 未安装时执行 ``uv install sglang[all]``.
+    """
+    if shutil.which("sglang") is not None:
+        print("sglang 已安装, 跳过安装步骤")
+        return
+
+    print("正在安装 sglang[all]...")
+    subprocess.run(["uv", "install", "sglang[all]"], check=False)
+
+
+@px.tool("sglang", subcommand="run", help="启动 SGLang 服务", needs=["install"])
+def run_sglang(
+    model: str = "~/.models/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct-AWQ",
+    port: int = 8000,
+    ctx_len: int = 32768,
+    mem_fraction: float = 0.75,
+    host: str = "0.0.0.0",
+    log_level: str = "info",
+) -> None:
+    """启动 SGLang 本地模型服务.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    model : str
+        模型路径 (默认: ``~/.models/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B-Instruct-AWQ``)
+    port : int
+        服务端口 (默认: 8000)
+    ctx_len : int
+        最大上下文长度 (默认: 32768)
+    mem_fraction : float
+        显存占比 0-1 (默认: 0.75)
+    host : str
+        主机地址 (默认: 0.0.0.0)
+    log_level : str
+        日志级别 (默认: info)
+    """
+    model_dir = Path(model).expanduser()
+    if not model_dir.exists():
+        print(f"模型目录不存在: {model_dir}")
+        return
+
+    python_bin = "python" if Constants.IS_WINDOWS else "python3"
+    cmd = [
+        python_bin,
+        "-m",
+        "sglang.launch_server",
+        "--model-path",
+        str(model_dir),
+        "--host",
+        host,
+        "--port",
+        str(port),
+        "--mem-fraction-static",
+        str(mem_fraction),
+        "--context-length",
+        str(ctx_len),
+        "--tool-call-parser",
+        "qwen",
+        "--log-level",
+        log_level,
+    ]
+    print(f"启动 SGLang: {model_dir} (port={port}, ctx={ctx_len}, mem={mem_fraction})")
+    subprocess.run(cmd, check=False)
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
-"""SSH 密钥部署工具.
+"""sshcopyid - SSH 密钥部署工具.

-类似 ssh-copy-id, 自动将 SSH 公钥部署到远程服务器,
-支持密码认证和密钥认证两种方式.
+将本地 SSH 公钥部署到远程服务器.
 """

 from __future__ import annotations

-import argparse
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path

 import pyflowx as px

-# ============================================================================
-# 辅助函数
-# ============================================================================
+__all__ = ["ssh_copy_id"]


+@px.tool("sshcopyid", help="部署 SSH 公钥到远程服务器")
 def ssh_copy_id(
    hostname: str,
    username: str,
@@ -43,7 +40,6 @@ def ssh_copy_id(
    timeout : int
        SSH 操作超时秒数, 默认 30
    """
-    # 读取公钥
    pub_key_path = Path(keypath).expanduser()
    if not pub_key_path.exists():
        print(f"公钥文件不存在: {pub_key_path}")
@@ -51,12 +47,10 @@ def ssh_copy_id(

    pub_key = pub_key_path.read_text().strip()

-    # 构建部署脚本
    script = f"""mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh
 cd ~/.ssh && touch authorized_keys && chmod 600 authorized_keys
 grep -qF '{pub_key.split()[1]}' authorized_keys 2>/dev/null || echo '{pub_key}' >> authorized_keys"""

-    # 使用 sshpass 执行
    try:
        subprocess.run(
            [
@@ -80,7 +74,7 @@ grep -qF '{pub_key.split()[1]}' authorized_keys 2>/dev/null || echo '{pub_key}'
        )
        print(f"SSH 密钥已部署到 {username}@{hostname}:{port}")
    except FileNotFoundError:
-        print(f"未找到 sshpass 工具，请手动执行: ssh-copy-id -p {port} {username}@{hostname}")
+        print(f"未找到 sshpass 工具, 请手动执行: ssh-copy-id -p {port} {username}@{hostname}")
        sys.exit(1)
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        print("SSH 连接超时")
@@ -88,35 +82,3 @@ grep -qF '{pub_key.split()[1]}' authorized_keys 2>/dev/null || echo '{pub_key}'
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"SSH 执行失败: {e}")
        sys.exit(1)
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    """SSH 密钥部署工具主函数."""
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="SSHCopyID - SSH 密钥部署工具",
-        usage="sshcopyid <hostname> <username> <password> [--port PORT] [--keypath KEYPATH]",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument("hostname", type=str, help="远程服务器主机名或 IP 地址")
-    parser.add_argument("username", type=str, help="远程服务器用户名")
-    parser.add_argument("password", type=str, help="远程服务器密码")
-    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default=22, help="SSH 端口 (默认: 22)")
-    parser.add_argument("--keypath", type=str, default="~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub", help="公钥文件路径")
-    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=30, help="SSH 操作超时秒数 (默认: 30)")
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-
-    graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
-        [
-            px.TaskSpec(
-                "ssh_deploy",
-                fn=ssh_copy_id,
-                args=(args.hostname, args.username, args.password),
-                kwargs={"port": args.port, "keypath": args.keypath, "timeout": args.timeout},
-            )
-        ]
-    )
-    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""taskkill - 进程终止工具.
+
+跨平台按名称终止进程: Windows 用 ``taskkill``, Linux/macOS 用 ``pkill``.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+@px.tool("taskkill", help="按名称终止进程 (跨平台)")
+def taskkill_run(process_names: list[str]) -> None:
+    """按名称终止进程 (跨平台).
+
+    Windows 使用 ``taskkill /f /im <name>*``,
+    Linux/macOS 使用 ``pkill -f <name>*``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    process_names : list[str]
+        进程名称列表 (如: ``["chrome.exe", "python"]``)
+    """
+    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+        cmd_prefix: list[str] = ["taskkill", "/f", "/im"]
+    else:
+        cmd_prefix = ["pkill", "-f"]
+
+    for name in process_names:
+        print(f"终止进程: {name}")
+        subprocess.run([*cmd_prefix, f"{name}*"], check=False)
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""which - 命令查找工具.
+
+跨平台查找可执行命令路径: Windows 用 ``where``, Linux/macOS 用 ``which``.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+@px.tool("which", help="查找可执行命令路径 (跨平台)")
+def which_run(commands: list[str]) -> None:
+    """查找可执行命令路径 (跨平台).
+
+    Windows 使用 ``where``, Linux/macOS 使用 ``which``.
+    对每个命令打印 ``<cmd> -> <path>`` 或 ``<cmd> -> 未找到``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    commands : list[str]
+        要查找的命令名称列表
+    """
+    which_cmd = "where" if Constants.IS_WINDOWS else "which"
+
+    for cmd in commands:
+        result = subprocess.run([which_cmd, cmd], capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
+        if result.returncode == 0:
+            # Windows 的 where 可能返回多行, 取第一个
+            path = result.stdout.strip().split("\n")[0].strip()
+            print(f"{cmd} -> {path}")
+        else:
+            print(f"{cmd} -> 未找到")
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+"""工作流执行性能评估。
+
+基于 :class:`~pyflowx.report.RunReport` 中已有的 ``started_at`` /
+``finished_at`` 时间戳进行离线分析，**零运行时开销**——不修改执行流程，
+不注册回调，不引入额外计时器。
+
+核心指标
+--------
+* **任务级**：每个任务的 wall-clock 耗时、状态、重试次数、等待时间
+  （从最早依赖完成到本任务开始）。
+* **图级**：总耗时（wall-clock）、关键路径耗时（理论最短耗时）、
+  并行度效率（关键路径耗时 / 总耗时）。
+* **关键路径**：从源点到汇点的最长依赖路径，识别真正的串行瓶颈。
+* **并行度**：基于时间线重叠计算瞬时并行度，给出平均并行度与峰值并行度。
+* **瓶颈识别**：按耗时排序的 Top-N 任务。
+
+设计原则
+--------
+* 数据来源于 ``RunReport`` + ``Graph``，无副作用。
+* 计算复杂度 O(V+E)：拓扑排序 + 单次松弛，适合大规模图。
+* 所有时间戳用 ``datetime``，与 :class:`TaskResult` 保持一致。
+
+快速上手
+--------
+    import pyflowx as px
+
+    report = px.run(graph)
+    profile = px.ProfileReport.from_report(report, graph)
+    print(profile.describe())
+    bottlenecks = profile.top_bottlenecks(3)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ProfileReport",
+    "TaskProfile",
+]
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
+
+from .graph import Graph
+from .report import RunReport
+from .task import TaskResult, TaskStatus
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TaskProfile:
+    """单个任务的性能剖面。
+
+    属性
+    ----
+    name:
+        任务名。
+    status:
+        终态（SUCCESS/FAILED/SKIPPED）。
+    duration:
+        wall-clock 执行耗时（秒）。SKIPPED 任务为 0.0。
+    attempts:
+        尝试次数（含首次）。
+    wait_time:
+        从最早硬依赖完成到本任务开始的等待时间（秒）。
+        无硬依赖或 SKIPPED 时为 0.0。
+    is_on_critical_path:
+        是否位于关键路径上。
+    deps:
+        硬依赖任务名列表。
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    status: TaskStatus
+    duration: float
+    attempts: int
+    wait_time: float
+    is_on_critical_path: bool
+    deps: tuple[str, ...]
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """转为 JSON 友好的字典。"""
+        return {
+            "name": self.name,
+            "status": self.status.value,
+            "duration_seconds": round(self.duration, 6),
+            "attempts": self.attempts,
+            "wait_time_seconds": round(self.wait_time, 6),
+            "is_on_critical_path": self.is_on_critical_path,
+            "deps": list(self.deps),
+        }
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ProfileReport:
+    """工作流执行的性能剖面报告。
+
+    通过 :meth:`from_report` 从 :class:`RunReport` + :class:`Graph` 构建。
+    所有字段在构造时一次性计算完毕，后续访问为 O(1)。
+    """
+
+    tasks: tuple[TaskProfile, ...]
+    """所有任务的性能剖面（按拓扑序）。"""
+
+    total_duration: float
+    """整次运行的 wall-clock 耗时（秒）。"""
+
+    critical_path_duration: float
+    """关键路径耗时（秒）：从最早任务开始到最晚任务结束的最长依赖路径。"""
+
+    critical_path: tuple[str, ...]
+    """关键路径上的任务名序列（按执行顺序）。"""
+
+    avg_parallelism: float
+    """平均并行度 = 任务总耗时 / wall-clock 总耗时。"""
+
+    peak_parallelism: int
+    """峰值并行度：任一时刻同时运行的任务数最大值。"""
+
+    parallelism_efficiency: float
+    """并行度效率 = 关键路径耗时 / wall-clock 总耗时。``1.0`` 表示完全串行，
+    越大表示并行化收益越低（瓶颈在关键路径上）。"""
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    # 构建
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    @classmethod
+    def from_report(cls, report: RunReport, graph: Graph) -> ProfileReport:
+        """从运行报告与图构建性能剖面。
+
+        参数
+        ----
+        report:
+            已完成的 :class:`RunReport`，需包含 ``started_at``/``finished_at``。
+        graph:
+            对应的 :class:`Graph`，用于依赖关系与关键路径分析。
+
+        Note
+        -----
+        本方法不修改 ``report`` 或 ``graph``，纯函数式计算。
+        """
+        task_profiles = cls._build_task_profiles(report, graph)
+        total_duration = cls._calc_total_duration(report)
+        critical_path, critical_duration = cls._calc_critical_path(graph, report)
+        avg_par, peak_par = cls._calc_parallelism(report)
+        efficiency = critical_duration / total_duration if total_duration > 0 else 0.0
+
+        # 标记关键路径上的任务
+        critical_set = set(critical_path)
+        marked = tuple(
+            TaskProfile(
+                name=t.name,
+                status=t.status,
+                duration=t.duration,
+                attempts=t.attempts,
+                wait_time=t.wait_time,
+                is_on_critical_path=t.name in critical_set,
+                deps=t.deps,
+            )
+            for t in task_profiles
+        )
+
+        return cls(
+            tasks=marked,
+            total_duration=total_duration,
+            critical_path_duration=critical_duration,
+            critical_path=critical_path,
+            avg_parallelism=avg_par,
+            peak_parallelism=peak_par,
+            parallelism_efficiency=efficiency,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_task_profiles(report: RunReport, graph: Graph) -> tuple[TaskProfile, ...]:
+        """构建每个任务的性能剖面。"""
+        profiles: list[TaskProfile] = []
+        for name, result in report.results.items():
+            spec = graph.specs.get(name)
+            deps = tuple(spec.depends_on) if spec is not None else ()
+            duration = result.duration or 0.0
+            wait_time = ProfileReport._calc_wait_time(result, deps, report)
+            profiles.append(
+                TaskProfile(
+                    name=name,
+                    status=result.status,
+                    duration=duration,
+                    attempts=result.attempts,
+                    wait_time=wait_time,
+                    is_on_critical_path=False,  # 后续标记
+                    deps=deps,
+                )
+            )
+        return tuple(profiles)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _calc_wait_time(
+        result: TaskResult[Any],
+        deps: tuple[str, ...],
+        report: RunReport,
+    ) -> float:
+        """计算等待时间：从最早依赖完成到本任务开始。
+
+        无硬依赖、SKIPPED 任务或时间戳缺失时返回 0.0。
+        """
+        if not deps or result.started_at is None or result.status == TaskStatus.SKIPPED:
+            return 0.0
+        # 找出所有已完成依赖的最晚完成时间
+        dep_end_times: list[datetime] = []
+        for dep in deps:
+            dep_result = report.results.get(dep)
+            if dep_result is not None and dep_result.finished_at is not None:
+                dep_end_times.append(dep_result.finished_at)
+        if not dep_end_times:
+            return 0.0
+        latest_dep_end = max(dep_end_times)
+        delta = (result.started_at - latest_dep_end).total_seconds()
+        return max(0.0, delta)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _calc_total_duration(report: RunReport) -> float:
+        """计算 wall-clock 总耗时：最早开始到最晚结束。"""
+        starts: list[datetime] = []
+        ends: list[datetime] = []
+        for r in report.results.values():
+            if r.started_at is not None:
+                starts.append(r.started_at)
+            if r.finished_at is not None:
+                ends.append(r.finished_at)
+        if not starts or not ends:
+            return 0.0
+        return (max(ends) - min(starts)).total_seconds()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _calc_critical_path(graph: Graph, report: RunReport) -> tuple[tuple[str, ...], float]:
+        """计算关键路径：DAG 最长路径（按实际执行耗时）。
+
+        使用拓扑排序 + 动态规划，O(V+E)。SKIPPED 任务耗时按 0 计。
+        """
+        # 构建耗时映射
+        durations: dict[str, float] = {}
+        for name, result in report.results.items():
+            durations[name] = result.duration or 0.0
+
+        # 拓扑序（使用 graph.layers 保证与分层一致）
+        try:
+            layers = graph.layers()
+        except Exception:
+            # 图校验失败时回退为空
+            return (), 0.0
+
+        # earliest_finish[name] = duration[name] + max(earliest_finish[dep] for dep in deps)
+        earliest_finish: dict[str, float] = {}
+        predecessor: dict[str, str | None] = {}
+
+        for layer in layers:
+            for name in layer:
+                spec = graph.specs.get(name)
+                deps = spec.depends_on if spec is not None else ()
+                if not deps:
+                    earliest_finish[name] = durations.get(name, 0.0)
+                    predecessor[name] = None
+                else:
+                    best_dep: str | None = None
+                    best_ef = 0.0
+                    for dep in deps:
+                        ef = earliest_finish.get(dep, 0.0)
+                        if ef >= best_ef:
+                            best_ef = ef
+                            best_dep = dep
+                    earliest_finish[name] = best_ef + durations.get(name, 0.0)
+                    predecessor[name] = best_dep
+
+        if not earliest_finish:
+            return (), 0.0
+
+        # 找到 earliest_finish 最大的节点作为终点
+        end_node = max(earliest_finish, key=lambda n: earliest_finish[n])
+        total = earliest_finish[end_node]
+
+        # 回溯关键路径
+        path: list[str] = []
+        node: str | None = end_node
+        while node is not None:
+            path.append(node)
+            node = predecessor.get(node)
+        path.reverse()
+
+        return tuple(path), total
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _calc_parallelism(report: RunReport) -> tuple[float, int]:
+        """计算平均并行度与峰值并行度。
+
+        基于时间线扫描：将每个任务的 [started_at, finished_at] 区间
+        转为事件点（+1/-1），排序后扫描得到瞬时并行度序列。
+
+        返回 (avg_parallelism, peak_parallelism)。
+        无有效时间戳时返回 (0.0, 0)。
+        """
+        events: list[tuple[float, int]] = []  # (timestamp, delta)
+        for r in report.results.values():
+            if r.started_at is None or r.finished_at is None:
+                continue
+            if r.status == TaskStatus.SKIPPED:
+                continue
+            start_ts = r.started_at.timestamp()
+            end_ts = r.finished_at.timestamp()
+            if end_ts <= start_ts:
+                continue
+            events.append((start_ts, 1))
+            events.append((end_ts, -1))
+
+        if not events:
+            return 0.0, 0
+
+        # 排序：同一时间点先处理结束（-1）再处理开始（+1），避免虚假峰值
+        events.sort(key=lambda e: (e[0], e[1]))
+
+        current = 0
+        peak = 0
+        # 加权面积用于计算平均并行度
+        area = 0.0
+        prev_ts = events[0][0]
+        for ts, delta in events:
+            if ts > prev_ts:
+                area += current * (ts - prev_ts)
+            current += delta
+            peak = max(peak, current)
+            prev_ts = ts
+
+        total_span = events[-1][0] - events[0][0]
+        avg = area / total_span if total_span > 0 else 0.0
+        return avg, peak
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    # 查询
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    def task(self, name: str) -> TaskProfile:
+        """返回指定任务的剖面。不存在则 ``KeyError``。"""
+        for t in self.tasks:
+            if t.name == name:
+                return t
+        raise KeyError(name)
+
+    def top_bottlenecks(self, n: int = 5) -> tuple[TaskProfile, ...]:
+        """返回耗时最长的 Top-N 任务（按 duration 降序）。
+
+        参数
+        ----
+        n:
+            返回数量。``n <= 0`` 返回空元组。
+        """
+        if n <= 0:
+            return ()
+        return tuple(sorted(self.tasks, key=lambda t: t.duration, reverse=True)[:n])
+
+    def critical_tasks(self) -> tuple[TaskProfile, ...]:
+        """返回关键路径上的所有任务（按路径顺序）。"""
+        critical_set = set(self.critical_path)
+        # 保持关键路径顺序
+        order = {name: i for i, name in enumerate(self.critical_path)}
+        return tuple(sorted((t for t in self.tasks if t.name in critical_set), key=lambda t: order[t.name]))
+
+    def failed_tasks(self) -> tuple[TaskProfile, ...]:
+        """返回 FAILED 状态的任务。"""
+        return tuple(t for t in self.tasks if t.status == TaskStatus.FAILED)
+
+    def skipped_tasks(self) -> tuple[TaskProfile, ...]:
+        """返回 SKIPPED 状态的任务。"""
+        return tuple(t for t in self.tasks if t.status == TaskStatus.SKIPPED)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    # 输出
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """转为 JSON 友好的字典。"""
+        return {
+            "tasks": [t.to_dict() for t in self.tasks],
+            "total_duration_seconds": round(self.total_duration, 6),
+            "critical_path_duration_seconds": round(self.critical_path_duration, 6),
+            "critical_path": list(self.critical_path),
+            "avg_parallelism": round(self.avg_parallelism, 4),
+            "peak_parallelism": self.peak_parallelism,
+            "parallelism_efficiency": round(self.parallelism_efficiency, 4),
+            "bottlenecks": [t.to_dict() for t in self.top_bottlenecks(5)],
+        }
+
+    def to_html(self) -> str:
+        """生成自包含的 HTML 报告（含 CSS，无外部依赖）。
+
+        报告含：图级指标卡片、关键路径、时间线甘特图、Top 瓶颈表格、
+        全部任务表格。适合直接用浏览器打开查看。
+        """
+        return _render_html(self)
+
+    def describe(self) -> str:
+        lines: list[str] = []
+        lines.append("=" * 70)
+        lines.append("PyFlowX 性能剖面报告")
+        lines.append("=" * 70)
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("【图级指标】")
+        lines.append(f"  总耗时 (wall-clock):     {self.total_duration:.3f}s")
+        lines.append(f"  关键路径耗时:            {self.critical_path_duration:.3f}s")
+        lines.append(f"  平均并行度:              {self.avg_parallelism:.2f}")
+        lines.append(f"  峰值并行度:              {self.peak_parallelism}")
+        lines.append(f"  并行度效率:              {self.parallelism_efficiency:.2%}")
+        lines.append(f"  任务总数:                {len(self.tasks)}")
+        lines.append("")
+
+        # 关键路径
+        lines.append("【关键路径】")
+        if self.critical_path:
+            lines.append(f"  {' -> '.join(self.critical_path)}")
+        else:
+            lines.append("  (无)")
+        lines.append("")
+
+        # Top 瓶颈
+        bottlenecks = self.top_bottlenecks(5)
+        lines.append(f"【Top {len(bottlenecks)} 瓶颈任务】")
+        if bottlenecks:
+            lines.append(f"  {'任务':<30} {'耗时':>10} {'等待':>10} {'尝试':>6} {'关键路径':>8} {'状态':>8}")
+            lines.append(f"  {'-' * 30} {'-' * 10} {'-' * 10} {'-' * 6} {'-' * 8} {'-' * 8}")
+            for t in bottlenecks:
+                critical_flag = "✓" if t.is_on_critical_path else ""
+                lines.append(
+                    f"  {t.name:<30} {t.duration:>9.3f}s {t.wait_time:>9.3f}s {t.attempts:>6} "
+                    f"{critical_flag:>8} {t.status.value:>8}",
+                )
+        else:
+            lines.append("  (无)")
+        lines.append("")
+
+        # 全部任务详情
+        lines.append("【全部任务】")
+        if self.tasks:
+            lines.append(f"  {'任务':<30} {'耗时':>10} {'等待':>10} {'尝试':>6} {'关键路径':>8} {'状态':>8}")
+            lines.append(f"  {'-' * 30} {'-' * 10} {'-' * 10} {'-' * 6} {'-' * 8} {'-' * 8}")
+            for t in self.tasks:
+                critical_flag = "✓" if t.is_on_critical_path else ""
+                lines.append(
+                    f"  {t.name:<30} {t.duration:>9.3f}s {t.wait_time:>9.3f}s {t.attempts:>6} "
+                    f"{critical_flag:>8} {t.status.value:>8}",
+                )
+        else:
+            lines.append("  (无)")
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("=" * 70)
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"ProfileReport(tasks={len(self.tasks)}, "
+            f"total={self.total_duration:.3f}s, "
+            f"critical={self.critical_path_duration:.3f}s, "
+            f"avg_par={self.avg_parallelism:.2f}, "
+            f"peak_par={self.peak_parallelism})"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# HTML 渲染（私有，零依赖）
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+_HTML_TEMPLATE = """<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>PyFlowX 性能剖面报告</title>
+<style>
+  :root {{
+    --bg: #f5f5f7;
+    --card: #ffffff;
+    --border: #d2d2d7;
+    --text: #1d1d1f;
+    --muted: #6e6e73;
+    --accent: #0071e3;
+    --success: #34c759;
+    --warning: #ff9f0a;
+    --danger: #ff3b30;
+    --critical: #af52de;
+  }}
+  * {{ box-sizing: border-box; }}
+  body {{
+    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 24px;
+    background: var(--bg);
+    color: var(--text);
+    line-height: 1.5;
+  }}
+  h1 {{ margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 28px; }}
+  h2 {{ margin: 32px 0 12px; font-size: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); padding-bottom: 6px; }}
+  .subtitle {{ color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 24px; font-size: 14px; }}
+  .cards {{ display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr)); gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 8px; }}
+  .card {{
+    background: var(--card);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border);
+    border-radius: 10px;
+    padding: 16px;
+  }}
+  .card .label {{ font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 4px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }}
+  .card .value {{ font-size: 22px; font-weight: 600; }}
+  .card .unit {{ font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); margin-left: 2px; }}
+  .critical-path {{
+    background: var(--card);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border);
+    border-left: 4px solid var(--critical);
+    border-radius: 10px;
+    padding: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 8px;
+  }}
+  .critical-path .label {{ font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 8px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }}
+  .critical-path .chain {{ font-family: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, monospace; font-size: 13px; word-break: break-all; }}
+  .critical-path .arrow {{ color: var(--critical); margin: 0 6px; font-weight: 600; }}
+  /* 甘特图 */
+  .gantt {{
+    background: var(--card);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border);
+    border-radius: 10px;
+    padding: 16px;
+    overflow-x: auto;
+  }}
+  .gantt-row {{ display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 6px; min-width: 600px; }}
+  .gantt-label {{ width: 200px; flex-shrink: 0; font-size: 13px; font-family: ui-monospace, monospace; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }}
+  .gantt-track {{ flex: 1; height: 22px; background: #f0f0f3; border-radius: 4px; position: relative; }}
+  .gantt-bar {{ position: absolute; height: 100%; border-radius: 4px; min-width: 2px; }}
+  .gantt-bar.success {{ background: var(--success); }}
+  .gantt-bar.failed {{ background: var(--danger); }}
+  .gantt-bar.skipped {{ background: var(--muted); }}
+  .gantt-bar.critical {{ box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--critical) inset; }}
+  .gantt-bar:hover {{ opacity: 0.85; }}
+  .gantt-tooltip {{ position: absolute; bottom: 100%; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); background: #1d1d1f; color: #fff; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 11px; white-space: nowrap; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; transition: opacity 0.15s; }}
+  .gantt-bar:hover .gantt-tooltip {{ opacity: 1; }}
+  /* 表格 */
+  table {{ width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background: var(--card); border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--border); }}
+  th, td {{ padding: 10px 12px; text-align: left; font-size: 13px; }}
+  th {{ background: #fafafa; font-weight: 600; color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; }}
+  tbody tr {{ border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }}
+  tbody tr:hover {{ background: #fafafa; }}
+  td.num {{ font-family: ui-monospace, monospace; text-align: right; }}
+  .badge {{ display: inline-block; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 500; }}
+  .badge.success {{ background: rgba(52,199,89,0.15); color: var(--success); }}
+  .badge.failed {{ background: rgba(255,59,48,0.15); color: var(--danger); }}
+  .badge.skipped {{ background: rgba(110,110,115,0.15); color: var(--muted); }}
+  .star {{ color: var(--critical); font-weight: 700; }}
+  .footer {{ margin-top: 32px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; }}
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <h1>PyFlowX 性能剖面报告</h1>
+  <p class="subtitle">由 <code>pxp</code> 生成 · {generated_at}</p>
+
+  <h2>图级指标</h2>
+  <div class="cards">
+    <div class="card"><div class="label">总耗时</div><div class="value">{total_duration:.3f}<span class="unit">s</span></div></div>
+    <div class="card"><div class="label">关键路径耗时</div><div class="value">{critical_duration:.3f}<span class="unit">s</span></div></div>
+    <div class="card"><div class="label">平均并行度</div><div class="value">{avg_par:.2f}</div></div>
+    <div class="card"><div class="label">峰值并行度</div><div class="value">{peak_par}</div></div>
+    <div class="card"><div class="label">并行度效率</div><div class="value">{efficiency:.1f}<span class="unit">%</span></div></div>
+    <div class="card"><div class="label">任务总数</div><div class="value">{task_count}</div></div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h2>关键路径</h2>
+  <div class="critical-path">
+    <div class="label">最长依赖路径（串行瓶颈）</div>
+    <div class="chain">{critical_chain}</div>
+  </div>
+
+  <h2>任务时间线</h2>
+  <div class="gantt">
+    {gantt_rows}
+  </div>
+
+  <h2>Top 瓶颈任务</h2>
+  <table>
+    <thead><tr><th>任务</th><th class="num">耗时</th><th class="num">等待</th><th class="num">尝试</th><th>关键路径</th><th>状态</th></tr></thead>
+    <tbody>
+{bottleneck_rows}
+    </tbody>
+  </table>
+
+  <h2>全部任务</h2>
+  <table>
+    <thead><tr><th>任务</th><th class="num">耗时</th><th class="num">等待</th><th class="num">尝试</th><th>关键路径</th><th>状态</th><th>依赖</th></tr></thead>
+    <tbody>
+{all_task_rows}
+    </tbody>
+  </table>
+
+  <div class="footer">由 PyFlowX · pxp 生成</div>
+</body>
+</html>"""
+
+
+def _status_badge(status: TaskStatus) -> str:
+    """生成状态徽章 HTML。"""
+    cls = status.value
+    return f'<span class="badge {cls}">{cls}</span>'
+
+
+def _format_critical_chain(path: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
+    """格式化关键路径为 HTML 链。"""
+    if not path:
+        return '<em style="color:var(--muted)">(无)</em>'
+    arrow = '<span class="arrow">→</span>'
+    return arrow.join(f"<strong>{name}</strong>" for name in path)
+
+
+def _render_gantt(profile: ProfileReport) -> str:
+    """渲染甘特图行 HTML。
+
+    每个任务一行：标签 + 时间条。时间条位置基于 wait_time + 依赖关系
+    重建相对开始时间（相对最早任务起点），归一化到 0-100% 宽度。
+    SKIPPED 任务不显示（无时间戳）。
+    """
+    visible = [t for t in profile.tasks if t.status != TaskStatus.SKIPPED and t.duration > 0]
+    if not visible:
+        return '<div style="color:var(--muted);padding:12px;">(无时间线数据)</div>'
+
+    # 重建相对开始时间：start[name] = max(end[dep]) + wait_time
+    # profile.tasks 已是拓扑序，可直接按序计算
+    start: dict[str, float] = {}
+    end: dict[str, float] = {}
+    for t in profile.tasks:
+        if t.status == TaskStatus.SKIPPED:
+            continue
+        dep_end = 0.0
+        for dep in t.deps:
+            dep_end = max(dep_end, end.get(dep, 0.0))
+        s = dep_end + t.wait_time
+        start[t.name] = s
+        end[t.name] = s + t.duration
+
+    # 归一化：以最早开始时间为 0，最晚结束为 100%
+    min_start = min(start.get(t.name, 0.0) for t in visible)
+    max_end = max(end.get(t.name, 0.0) for t in visible)
+    span = max_end - min_start
+    if span <= 0:
+        span = 1.0
+
+    rows: list[str] = []
+    for t in visible:
+        s = start.get(t.name, 0.0) - min_start
+        left_pct = (s / span) * 100
+        width_pct = (t.duration / span) * 100
+        cls = t.status.value
+        critical_cls = " critical" if t.is_on_critical_path else ""
+        tooltip = f"{t.name}: {t.duration:.3f}s @ +{s:.3f}s ({t.status.value})"
+        rows.append(
+            f'      <div class="gantt-row">'
+            f'<div class="gantt-label" title="{t.name}">{t.name}</div>'
+            f'<div class="gantt-track">'
+            f'<div class="gantt-bar {cls}{critical_cls}" style="left:{left_pct:.2f}%;width:{width_pct:.2f}%">'
+            f'<span class="gantt-tooltip">{tooltip}</span>'
+            f"</div></div></div>"
+        )
+    return "\n".join(rows)
+
+
+def _render_task_row(t: TaskProfile, show_deps: bool = False) -> str:
+    """渲染任务表格行 HTML。"""
+    star = '<span class="star">★</span>' if t.is_on_critical_path else ""
+    deps = ", ".join(t.deps) if show_deps and t.deps else ""
+    deps_cell = f"<td>{deps}</td>" if show_deps else ""
+    return (
+        f"      <tr>"
+        f"<td><code>{t.name}</code></td>"
+        f'<td class="num">{t.duration:.3f}s</td>'
+        f'<td class="num">{t.wait_time:.3f}s</td>'
+        f'<td class="num">{t.attempts}</td>'
+        f"<td>{star}</td>"
+        f"<td>{_status_badge(t.status)}</td>"
+        f"{deps_cell}"
+        f"</tr>"
+    )
+
+
+def _render_html(profile: ProfileReport) -> str:
+    """渲染完整 HTML 报告。"""
+    from datetime import datetime as _dt
+
+    bottlenecks = profile.top_bottlenecks(5)
+    bottleneck_rows = (
+        "\n".join(_render_task_row(t) for t in bottlenecks)
+        or '      <tr><td colspan="6" style="color:var(--muted);">(无)</td></tr>'
+    )
+    all_task_rows = (
+        "\n".join(_render_task_row(t, show_deps=True) for t in profile.tasks)
+        or '      <tr><td colspan="7" style="color:var(--muted);">(无)</td></tr>'
+    )
+
+    return _HTML_TEMPLATE.format(
+        generated_at=_dt.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
+        total_duration=profile.total_duration,
+        critical_duration=profile.critical_path_duration,
+        avg_par=profile.avg_parallelism,
+        peak_par=profile.peak_parallelism,
+        efficiency=profile.parallelism_efficiency * 100,
+        task_count=len(profile.tasks),
+        critical_chain=_format_critical_chain(profile.critical_path),
+        gantt_rows=_render_gantt(profile),
+        bottleneck_rows=bottleneck_rows,
+        all_task_rows=all_task_rows,
+    )
@@ -69,6 +69,22 @@ class RunReport:
        """以 FAILED 状态结束的任务名列表。"""
        return [name for name, r in self.results.items() if r.status == TaskStatus.FAILED]

+    def succeeded_tasks(self) -> list[str]:
+        """以 SUCCESS 状态结束的任务名列表。"""
+        return [name for name, r in self.results.items() if r.status == TaskStatus.SUCCESS]
+
+    def skipped_tasks(self) -> list[str]:
+        """以 SKIPPED 状态结束的任务名列表。"""
+        return [name for name, r in self.results.items() if r.status == TaskStatus.SKIPPED]
+
+    def tasks_by_status(self, status: TaskStatus) -> list[str]:
+        """返回指定状态的任务名列表。"""
+        return [name for name, r in self.results.items() if r.status == status]
+
+    def durations(self) -> dict[str, float]:
+        """任务名 -> 执行时长（秒）。无时长记录的为 0.0。"""
+        return {name: (r.duration or 0.0) for name, r in self.results.items()}
+
    def describe(self) -> str:
        """用于调试的人类可读多行报告。"""
        lines: list[str] = [f"RunReport(success={self.success})"]
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import argparse
 import enum
 import sys
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Sequence, get_args

+from .compose import GraphComposer
 from .errors import PyFlowXError
 from .executors import Strategy, run
-from .graph import Graph, GraphComposer
+from .graph import Graph
 from .task import TaskSpec

 __all__ = ["CliExitCode", "CliRunner"]
@@ -33,113 +35,137 @@ class CliExitCode(enum.IntEnum):
    INTERRUPTED = 130  # 与 POSIX 信号中断一致


-def _apply_verbose_to_graph(graph: Graph, verbose: bool) -> Graph:
-    """创建新图, 其中所有 TaskSpec 的 verbose 字段被设置为指定值.
-
-    使用 ``dataclasses.replace`` 在不可变的 TaskSpec 上创建带 verbose 标记的副本.
-    依赖关系、标签等元数据全部保留.
-
-    Note
-    -----
-    自 ``_wrap_cmd`` 不再闭包捕获 ``verbose`` 后，此函数不再是必需的——
-    直接翻转 ``spec.verbose`` 即可生效。保留是为了向后兼容现有调用与测试。
-    TaskSpec 仍是 frozen dataclass，故仍用 ``replace`` 创建副本。
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    graph : Graph
-        原始图.
-    verbose : bool
-        要设置的 verbose 值.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    Graph
-        所有 spec 的 verbose 字段已更新的新图.
-    """
-    new_specs: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = []
-    for spec in graph.all_specs().values():
-        if spec.verbose == verbose:
-            new_specs.append(spec)
-        else:
-            new_specs.append(replace(spec, verbose=verbose))
-    return Graph.from_specs(new_specs)
-
-
@dataclass
 class CliRunner:
    """命令行运行器: 根据用户输入执行对应的任务流图.

-    将命令名映射到 Graph 实例.
-    通过 ``sys.argv`` 解析用户输入的命令, 执行对应的图.
+    将命令别名映射到 Graph 实例. 通过 ``sys.argv`` 解析用户输入的命令,
+    执行对应的图.

    Parameters
    ----------
+    aliases : dict[str, str | list[str] | Graph]
+        命令别名到任务引用的映射. 每个值可以是:
+        * ``str`` —— 单个任务名 (引用 ``tasks`` 中注册的任务),
+          生成单任务图.
+        * ``list[str]`` —— 任务名列表, 自动 :meth:`Graph.chain` 建立链式依赖,
+          即后一个任务依赖前一个.
+        * :class:`~pyflowx.graph.Graph` —— 直接使用该图 (用于复杂场景, 如
+          自定义 ``conditions``、并行分支等).
+    tasks : list[TaskSpec]
+        扁平注册的任务列表. ``aliases`` 中的字符串引用这些任务名.
+        未被任何 alias 引用的任务不会被执行.
    strategy : str | Strategy
-        默认执行策略 (``Strategy.SEQUENTIAL`` / ``Strategy.THREAD`` /
-        ``Strategy.ASYNC`` 或对应字符串). 可被命令行 ``--strategy`` 覆盖.
+        默认执行策略. 可被命令行 ``--strategy`` 覆盖.
+    description : str
+        CLI 帮助文本.
    verbose : bool
-        是否显示详细执行过程. ``True`` 时打印任务生命周期和 subprocess 输出.
-        默认 ``True``. 可被命令行 ``--quiet`` 关闭.
-    **graphs : Graph
-        命令名到图的映射. 每个 key 是一个命令名, value 是对应的
-        :class:`~pyflowx.graph.Graph`.
+        是否显示详细执行过程. 默认 ``True``, 可被命令行 ``--quiet`` 关闭.

    Examples
    --------
-    基本用法::
+    简单场景 (tasks + aliases)::

        runner = px.CliRunner(
-            clean=px.Graph.from_specs(
-                [
-                    px.TaskSpec("cargo_clean", cmd=["cargo", "clean"]),
-                ]
-            ),
-            build=px.Graph.from_specs(
-                [
-                    px.TaskSpec("uv_build", cmd=["uv", "build"]),
-                ]
-            ),
+            tasks=[
+                px.cmd(["uv", "build"]),                      # name="uv_build"
+                px.cmd(["maturin", "build"], name="maturin_build"),
+                px.cmd(["ruff", "check", "--fix"], name="lint"),
+            ],
+            aliases={
+                "b": "uv_build",
+                "ba": ["uv_build", "maturin_build"],   # chain: maturin 依赖 uv
+                "lint": "lint",
+            },
        )
-        runner.run()  # 解析 sys.argv
+        runner.run()

-    指定策略与描述::
+    复杂场景 (直接用 Graph)::

        runner = px.CliRunner(
-            strategy=px.Strategy.THREAD,
+            aliases={
+                "a": px.Graph.from_specs([
+                    px.TaskSpec("add", cmd=["git", "add", "."], conditions=(...)),
+                    px.TaskSpec("commit", cmd=["git", "commit"], depends_on=("add",)),
+                ]),
+            },
        )
-        runner.run(["test", "--strategy", "sequential"])
    """

-    graphs: dict[str, Graph] = field(default_factory=dict)
-    strategy: Strategy = field(default="sequential")
+    aliases: dict[str, str | list[str | TaskSpec[Any]] | TaskSpec[Any] | Graph] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    tasks: list[TaskSpec[Any]] = field(default_factory=list)
+    strategy: Strategy = field(default="dependency")
    description: str = field(default_factory=str)
    verbose: bool = field(default_factory=lambda: True)
+    # 解析后的命令→图映射，__post_init__ 填充
+    graphs: dict[str, Graph] = field(default_factory=dict, init=False)

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
-        if not self.graphs:
-            raise ValueError("CliRunner 至少需要一个命令 (通过关键字参数提供)")
+        if not self.aliases:
+            raise ValueError("CliRunner 至少需要一个别名 (通过 aliases= 提供)")

-        # 解析并展开字符串引用，委托给 GraphComposer。
-        # Graph 不再 frozen，可直接赋值，无需 object.__setattr__。
-        self.graphs = GraphComposer(self.graphs).resolve_all()
+        # 1. 把 tasks 注册为虚拟命令图（每个 task 一个图），加入 raw_graphs
+        #    使 GraphComposer 能解析对它们的字符串引用
+        raw_graphs: dict[str, Graph] = {}
+        for spec in self.tasks:
+            if spec.name in raw_graphs:
+                raise ValueError(f"任务名重复: {spec.name!r}")
+            raw_graphs[spec.name] = Graph.from_specs([spec])
+
+        # 2. 把每个 alias 转为 Graph（alias 名可与 task 名相同，覆盖 task 注册）
+        for alias, value in self.aliases.items():
+            raw_graphs[alias] = self._alias_to_graph(alias, value)
+
+        # 3. 解析图间字符串引用（str / list[str] 引用其他 alias 或任务）
+        self.graphs = GraphComposer(raw_graphs).resolve_all()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _alias_to_graph(
+        alias: str,
+        value: str | list[str | TaskSpec[Any]] | TaskSpec[Any] | Graph,
+    ) -> Graph:
+        """把 alias 的值转换为 Graph.
+
+        * ``str`` —— 对其他 alias 或已注册任务名的引用, 由 GraphComposer 展开.
+        * ``TaskSpec`` —— 单个内联任务, 生成单任务图.
+        * ``list[str | TaskSpec]`` —— 引用/任务混合列表, GraphComposer 展开时
+          自动让后续引用依赖前面 (chain 语义). 元素为 alias 名、任务名或
+          :class:`TaskSpec` 对象 (内联任务).
+        * ``Graph`` —— 原样返回 (用于复杂场景: conditions、并行分支等).
+        """
+        if isinstance(value, Graph):
+            return value
+        if isinstance(value, TaskSpec):
+            return Graph.from_specs([value])
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            # 字符串引用，用 _pending_refs 占位，GraphComposer 后续展开
+            return Graph.from_specs([value])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            if not value:
+                raise ValueError(f"别名 {alias!r} 的任务列表为空")
+            for item in value:
+                if not isinstance(item, (str, TaskSpec)):
+                    raise TypeError(f"别名 {alias!r} 的列表元素类型无效: {type(item).__name__}, 预期 str 或 TaskSpec")
+            # str/TaskSpec 混合列表，由 GraphComposer 展开（自动建立 chain 依赖）
+            return Graph.from_specs(value)
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"别名 {alias!r} 的值类型无效: {type(value).__name__}, 预期 str/TaskSpec/list[str|TaskSpec]/Graph"
+        )

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # 内省
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    @property
    def commands(self) -> list[str]:
-        """可用的命令列表 (按插入顺序)."""
-        return list(self.graphs.keys())
+        """可用的命令列表 (按 aliases 定义顺序, 不含 tasks 中未引用的任务)."""
+        return list(self.aliases.keys())

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # 参数解析
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    def _prog_name(self) -> str:
        """从 sys.argv[0] 推导程序名."""
-        import os
-
-        return os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]) if sys.argv else "pyflowx"
+        return Path(sys.argv[0]).name if sys.argv else "pyflowx"

    def create_parser(self) -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
        """创建参数解析器.
@@ -225,9 +251,9 @@ class CliRunner:
            parser.print_help()
            return CliExitCode.FAILURE.value

-        # 验证命令
-        if parsed.command not in self.graphs:
-            available = ", ".join(self.graphs.keys())
+        # 验证命令（必须是已注册的 alias，不接受裸任务名）
+        if parsed.command not in self.aliases:
+            available = ", ".join(self.commands)
            print(
                f"错误: 未知命令 {parsed.command!r} (可用命令: {available})",
                file=sys.stderr,
@@ -237,12 +263,8 @@ class CliRunner:
        # 确定是否 verbose: --quiet 覆盖默认值
        verbose = self.verbose and not parsed.quiet

-        # 对图应用 verbose 设置 (重建带 verbose 标记的 spec)
+        # 执行对应的图 (verbose 标记由 run() 统一应用到各 spec)
        graph = self.graphs[parsed.command]
-        if verbose:
-            graph = _apply_verbose_to_graph(graph, verbose=True)
-
-        # 执行对应的图
        try:
            report = run(
                graph,
@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@ import json
 import sys
 import time
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager, nullcontext
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Mapping
+from typing import Any, ContextManager, Mapping

 if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
    from typing import override
 else:
-    from typing_extensions import override
+    from typing_extensions import override  # pragma: no cover

 from .errors import StorageError

@@ -54,8 +56,91 @@ class StateBackend(ABC):
    def clear(self) -> None:
        """清除所有存储状态。"""

+    def flush(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
+        """将内存中暂存的状态持久化到外部介质。

-class MemoryBackend(StateBackend):
+        默认无操作（如 :class:`MemoryBackend` 无需落盘）。
+        :class:`JSONBackend` 在 :meth:`batch` 期间会延迟落盘，需在退出时调用。
+        """
+
+    def batch(self) -> ContextManager[None]:
+        """返回一个上下文管理器，期间 :meth:`save` 可延迟 :meth:`flush`。
+
+        默认实现为 no-op（如 :class:`MemoryBackend`）。:class:`JSONBackend`
+        覆盖为：进入时标记延迟，退出时统一 flush 一次，将每任务一次落盘
+        （N 次写入）降为整次运行一次（O(N) 而非 O(N²)）。
+        """
+        return nullcontext()
+
+
+class _TTLStateBackendMixin(StateBackend):
+    """TTL 状态后端共享逻辑。
+
+    将 ``has`` / ``get`` / ``load`` / ``save`` / ``clear`` 的统一实现
+    委托给四个原始存取原语：:meth:`_get_raw`、:meth:`_put_raw`、
+    :meth:`_iter_raw`、:meth:`_clear_raw`，并基于 :meth:`_now` 与
+    ``self._ttl`` 提供统一的过期判断 :meth:`_is_expired`。
+
+    子类需设置 ``self._ttl`` 并实现上述四个原语；如需自定义时间源
+    （如 ``time.monotonic``）可覆盖 :meth:`_now`。
+    """
+
+    _ttl: float | None
+
+    # ---- 原语：由子类实现 ---- #
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _get_raw(self, key: str) -> tuple[Any, float] | None:
+        """返回 ``(value, ts)``；键不存在时返回 ``None``。"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _put_raw(self, key: str, value: Any, ts: float) -> None:
+        """写入一条记录。"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _iter_raw(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Any, float]]:
+        """迭代所有记录（不做过期过滤），yield ``(key, value, ts)``。"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _clear_raw(self) -> None:
+        """清空所有记录。"""
+
+    # ---- 共享实现 ---- #
+    def _now(self) -> float:
+        """当前时间戳，默认为 wall-clock 秒。"""
+        return time.time()
+
+    def _is_expired(self, ts: float) -> bool:
+        """时间戳 ``ts`` 是否已过期。"""
+        if self._ttl is None:
+            return False
+        return (self._now() - ts) > self._ttl
+
+    @override
+    def load(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
+        return {k: v for k, v, ts in self._iter_raw() if not self._is_expired(ts)}
+
+    @override
+    def save(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        self._put_raw(key, value, self._now())
+
+    @override
+    def has(self, key: str) -> bool:
+        entry = self._get_raw(key)
+        return entry is not None and not self._is_expired(entry[1])
+
+    @override
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        entry = self._get_raw(key)
+        if entry is None or self._is_expired(entry[1]):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        return entry[0]
+
+    @override
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        self._clear_raw()
+
+
+class MemoryBackend(_TTLStateBackendMixin):
    """进程内 dict 后端。进程退出即丢失。

    Parameters
@@ -70,35 +155,28 @@ class MemoryBackend(StateBackend):
        self._ttl = ttl

    @override
-    def load(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        return {k: v for k, (v, _ts) in self._store.items() if not self._expired(k)}
+    def _now(self) -> float:
+        return time.monotonic()

    @override
-    def save(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
-        self._store[key] = (value, time.monotonic())
+    def _get_raw(self, key: str) -> tuple[Any, float] | None:
+        return self._store.get(key)

    @override
-    def has(self, key: str) -> bool:
-        return key in self._store and not self._expired(key)
+    def _put_raw(self, key: str, value: Any, ts: float) -> None:
+        self._store[key] = (value, ts)

    @override
-    def get(self, key: str) -> Any:
-        if key not in self._store or self._expired(key):
-            raise KeyError(key)
-        return self._store[key][0]
+    def _iter_raw(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Any, float]]:
+        for k, (v, ts) in self._store.items():
+            yield k, v, ts

    @override
-    def clear(self) -> None:
+    def _clear_raw(self) -> None:
        self._store.clear()

-    def _expired(self, key: str) -> bool:
-        if self._ttl is None or key not in self._store:
-            return False
-        _value, ts = self._store[key]
-        return (time.monotonic() - ts) > self._ttl

-
-class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
+class JSONBackend(_TTLStateBackendMixin):
    """基于文件的 JSON 存储，用于跨进程续跑。

    存储格式：``{key: {"value": v, "ts": epoch_seconds}}``。
@@ -116,6 +194,7 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
        self._path: str = path
        self._ttl = ttl
        self._store: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        self._defer_flush: bool = False
        self._load()

    def _load(self) -> None:
@@ -131,7 +210,6 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
                    if isinstance(v, dict) and "value" in v and "ts" in v:
                        self._store[k] = v
                    else:
-                        # 旧格式：纯值
                        self._store[k] = {"value": v, "ts": time.time()}
        except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
            raise StorageError(f"cannot read state file {self._path!r}", exc) from exc
@@ -145,17 +223,30 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
        except (OSError, TypeError) as exc:
            raise StorageError(f"cannot write state file {self._path!r}", exc) from exc

-    def _now(self) -> float:
-        return time.time()
-
-    def _expired(self, entry: dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
-        if self._ttl is None:
-            return False
-        return (self._now() - float(entry.get("ts", 0))) > self._ttl
+    @override
+    def _get_raw(self, key: str) -> tuple[Any, float] | None:
+        entry = self._store.get(key)
+        if entry is None:
+            return None
+        return entry["value"], float(entry.get("ts", 0))

    @override
-    def load(self) -> Mapping[str, Any]:
-        return {k: v["value"] for k, v in self._store.items() if not self._expired(v)}
+    def _put_raw(self, key: str, value: Any, ts: float) -> None:
+        self._store[key] = {"value": value, "ts": ts}
+
+    @override
+    def _iter_raw(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Any, float]]:
+        for k, entry in self._store.items():
+            yield k, entry["value"], float(entry.get("ts", 0))
+
+    @override
+    def _clear_raw(self) -> None:
+        self._store.clear()
+
+    @override
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        super().clear()
+        self._flush()

    @override
    def save(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
@@ -163,23 +254,27 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
            _ = json.dumps(value)
        except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
            raise StorageError(f"result of key {key!r} is not JSON-serialisable", exc) from exc
-        self._store[key] = {"value": value, "ts": self._now()}
+        super().save(key, value)
+        if not self._defer_flush:
+            self._flush()
+
+    @override
+    def flush(self) -> None:
        self._flush()

    @override
-    def has(self, key: str) -> bool:
-        return key in self._store and not self._expired(self._store[key])
+    @contextmanager
+    def batch(self) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """进入批量模式：``save`` 暂不落盘，退出时统一 flush 一次。

-    @override
-    def get(self, key: str) -> Any:
-        if key not in self._store or self._expired(self._store[key]):
-            raise KeyError(key)
-        return self._store[key]["value"]
-
-    @override
-    def clear(self) -> None:
-        self._store.clear()
-        self._flush()
+        将整次运行 N 个任务的 N 次全量落盘降为 1 次。
+        """
+        self._defer_flush = True
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            self._defer_flush = False
+            self._flush()


 def resolve_backend(backend: StateBackend | None) -> StateBackend:
@@ -17,22 +17,24 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

+import logging
 import os
 import shutil
-import subprocess
 import sys
+import threading
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from datetime import datetime
 from enum import Enum
+from functools import cached_property
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    ContextManager,
    Coroutine,
+    Generator,
    Generic,
-    Iterator,
    List,
    Mapping,
    Union,
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ from typing import (
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 13):
    from typing import TypeVar
 else:
-    from typing_extensions import TypeVar
+    from typing_extensions import TypeVar  # pragma: no cover

 T = TypeVar("T", default=Any)

@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ TaskCmd = Union[
 Strategy = Union[str, "StrategyKind"]
 StrategyKind = Any  # 占位，避免循环；executors 模块用 Literal 约束

+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 # 条件判断函数类型：接收依赖上下文（可能为空映射），返回是否应执行。
 Condition = Callable[[Context], bool]

@@ -74,6 +78,13 @@ Condition = Callable[[Context], bool]
 CacheKeyFn = Callable[[Context], str]


+def _format_skip_reason(failed_conditions: list[str]) -> str:
+    """格式化跳过原因：≤2 个全展示，>2 个仅展示前 2 个并附总数。"""
+    if len(failed_conditions) <= 2:
+        return f"条件不满足: {', '.join(failed_conditions)}"
+    return f"条件不满足: {', '.join(failed_conditions[:2])} 等{len(failed_conditions)}个条件"
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 # 重试策略
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -243,6 +254,10 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
        存取状态后端，使不同输入产生独立缓存条目。``None`` 表示用任务名。
    hooks:
        :class:`TaskHooks` 生命周期钩子。
+    executor:
+        同步任务的执行器：``"thread"``（默认，线程池）/ ``"process"``
+        （进程池，绕过 GIL，适合 CPU 密集型；``fn`` 须可 pickle）/
+        ``"inline"``（直接在事件循环线程调用，最快但会阻塞循环）。
    """

    name: str
@@ -268,6 +283,7 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
    continue_on_error: bool = False
    cache_key: CacheKeyFn | None = None
    hooks: TaskHooks = field(default_factory=TaskHooks)
+    executor: str = "thread"  # "thread" | "process" | "inline"

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        if not self.name:
@@ -284,13 +300,16 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
        if self.fn is None and self.cmd is None:
            raise ValueError(f"TaskSpec '{self.name}': 必须提供 fn 或 cmd 参数。")

-    @property
+    @cached_property
    def effective_fn(self) -> TaskFn[T]:
        """获取有效的执行函数。

        若提供 ``cmd``，返回包装后的命令执行函数；否则返回 ``fn``。
        包装函数在每次调用时从 ``self`` 读取 ``verbose``/``cwd``/``env``/
        ``timeout``，避免闭包捕获运行期参数，使翻转字段无需重建 spec。
+
+        结果按实例缓存（:func:`functools.cached_property`）：frozen dataclass
+        字段不可变，``_wrap_cmd`` 生成的闭包稳定，无需每次访问重建。
        """
        if self.cmd is not None:
            return self._wrap_cmd()
@@ -299,11 +318,17 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
        raise ValueError(f"TaskSpec '{self.name}': 没有可执行的函数或命令。")  # pragma: no cover

    def _wrap_cmd(self) -> TaskFn[Any]:
-        """将 cmd 包装为可执行函数。"""
+        """将 cmd 包装为可执行函数。
+
+        实际执行逻辑位于 :mod:`pyflowx.command`，避免 :class:`TaskSpec`
+        作为纯数据结构混入命令执行逻辑。
+        """
+        from .command import run_command
+
        spec = self

        def _run() -> T:
-            return cast(T, _run_command(spec))
+            return cast(T, run_command(spec))

        _run.__name__ = spec.name
        return _run  # type: ignore[return-value]
@@ -315,6 +340,7 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
        -------
        (should_run, skip_reason)
            ``should_run`` 为 False 时 ``skip_reason`` 描述跳过原因。
+            失败条件超过 2 个时仅展示前 2 个并附总数。
        """
        # 逐个求值条件，记录失败项。
        failed_conditions: list[str] = []
@@ -323,14 +349,19 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
                ok = condition(context)
            except Exception:
                ok = False
-                name = getattr(condition, "__name__", None) or "匿名条件(执行错误)"
-                failed_conditions.append(name)
+                failed_conditions.append("匿名条件(执行错误)")
                continue
            if not ok:
-                failed_conditions.append(getattr(condition, "__name__", None) or "匿名条件")
+                reason = getattr(condition, "_reason", None)
+                if reason is not None:
+                    failed_conditions.append(
+                        ", ".join(str(r) for r in reason) if isinstance(reason, list) else str(reason),
+                    )
+                else:
+                    failed_conditions.append(getattr(condition, "__name__", None) or "匿名条件")

        if failed_conditions:
-            return False, f"条件不满足: {', '.join(failed_conditions)}"
+            return False, _format_skip_reason(failed_conditions)

        if self.skip_if_missing and not self._is_cmd_available():
            cmd_name = self.cmd[0] if isinstance(self.cmd, list) and self.cmd else "unknown"
@@ -355,118 +386,187 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):

    def storage_key(self, context: Context) -> str:
        """计算状态后端存储键。"""
-        if self.cache_key is not None:
-            try:
-                return f"{self.name}:{self.cache_key(context)}"
-            except Exception:
-                return self.name
-        return self.name
+        if self.cache_key is None:
+            return self.name
+        try:
+            return f"{self.name}:{self.cache_key(context)}"
+        except (TypeError, ValueError, KeyError, AttributeError) as exc:
+            # cache_key 抛出预期内的数据/类型异常时回退到 name，但仍记录警告
+            # 以便用户发现 cache_key 实现中的 bug。
+            logger.warning(
+                "task %r: cache_key 回退到 name（%s: %s）",
+                self.name,
+                type(exc).__name__,
+                exc,
+            )
+            return self.name
+
+
+# 全局锁：序列化对进程级状态（os.environ / os.chdir）的临时修改。
+# ``fn`` 任务在 thread/async 策略下并发执行时，若各自配置了不同的
+# ``cwd``/``env``，会相互覆盖（os.chdir 与 os.environ 均为进程全局）。
+# 该锁仅包裹"切换→执行→恢复"区间，保证正确性；不使用 cwd/env 的任务不受影响。
+_env_cwd_lock = threading.RLock()


@contextmanager
 def _env_and_cwd(
    env: Mapping[str, str] | None,
    cwd: Path | None,
-) -> Iterator[None]:
-    """临时设置环境变量与工作目录。"""
-    saved_env: dict[str, str] = {}
-    saved_cwd: str | None = None
-    if env:
-        for k, v in env.items():
-            if k in os.environ:
-                saved_env[k] = os.environ[k]
-            os.environ[k] = v
-    if cwd is not None:
-        saved_cwd = str(Path.cwd())
-        os.chdir(cwd)
-    try:
+) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
+    """临时设置环境变量与工作目录。
+
+    ``os.environ`` 与 ``os.chdir`` 是进程级全局状态，在 thread/async 策略下
+    并发执行多个带 ``env``/``cwd`` 的 ``fn`` 任务时会相互覆盖。本函数通过
+    模块级 :data:`_env_cwd_lock` 串行化"切换→执行→恢复"区间，确保正确性。
+    无 ``env`` 且无 ``cwd`` 时直接 yield，不获取锁。
+    """
+    if not env and cwd is None:
        yield
-    finally:
-        if saved_cwd is not None:
-            os.chdir(saved_cwd)
-        # 恢复环境变量
+        return
+    with _env_cwd_lock:
+        saved_env: dict[str, str] = {}
+        saved_cwd: str | None = None
        if env:
-            for k in env:
-                if k in saved_env:
-                    os.environ[k] = saved_env[k]
-                else:
-                    os.environ.pop(k, None)
-
-
-def _run_command(spec: TaskSpec[Any]) -> Any:  # noqa: PLR0912
-    """执行 ``spec.cmd`` 指定的命令（list / shell 字符串 / 可调用对象）。"""
-    cmd = spec.cmd
-    verbose = spec.verbose
-    cwd = spec.cwd
-    timeout = spec.timeout
-    env_override = spec.env
-
-    # 可调用对象：直接调用，返回其结果。
-    if callable(cmd) and not isinstance(cmd, (list, str)):
-        name = getattr(cmd, "__name__", "callable")
-        if verbose:
-            print(f"[verbose] 执行可调用命令: {name}", flush=True)
-            if cwd is not None:
-                print(f"[verbose] 工作目录: {cwd}", flush=True)
-        try:
-            return cmd()
-        except Exception as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(f"可调用命令执行异常: {name}: {e}") from e
-
-    is_list = isinstance(cmd, list)
-    if is_list:
-        cmd_str = " ".join(arg for arg in cmd)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-        verb = "执行命令"
-        label = "命令"
-    else:
-        cmd_str = cast(str, cmd)
-        verb = "执行 Shell"
-        label = "Shell 命令"
-
-    if verbose:
-        print(f"[verbose] {verb}: {cmd_str}", flush=True)
+            for k, v in env.items():
+                if k in os.environ:
+                    saved_env[k] = os.environ[k]
+                os.environ[k] = v
        if cwd is not None:
-            print(f"[verbose] 工作目录: {cwd}", flush=True)
-
-    # 合并环境变量
-    run_env: dict[str, str] | None = None
-    if env_override:
-        run_env = dict(os.environ)
-        run_env.update(env_override)
-
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            cast(Union[str, List[str]], cmd),
-            shell=not is_list,
-            cwd=cwd,
-            env=run_env,
-            timeout=timeout,
-            capture_output=not verbose,
-            text=True,
-            check=False,
-        )
-    except FileNotFoundError:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"{label}未找到: {cmd_str}") from None
-    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"{label}执行超时: {cmd_str} ({timeout}s)") from None
-    except OSError as e:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"{label}执行异常: {cmd_str}: {e}") from e
-
-    if verbose:
-        print(f"[verbose] 返回码: {result.returncode}", flush=True)
-
-    if result.returncode == 0:
-        return None
-
-    err_msg = f"{label}执行失败: `{cmd_str}`, 返回码: {result.returncode}"
-    if not verbose and result.stderr.strip():
-        err_msg += f"\n{result.stderr.strip()}"
-    raise RuntimeError(err_msg)
+            saved_cwd = str(Path.cwd())
+            os.chdir(cwd)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            if saved_cwd is not None:
+                os.chdir(saved_cwd)
+            # 恢复环境变量
+            if env:
+                for k in env:
+                    if k in saved_env:
+                        os.environ[k] = saved_env[k]
+                    else:
+                        os.environ.pop(k, None)


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 # 任务模板：批量生成相似 TaskSpec 的工厂
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def _task_noop() -> None:
+    """task(cmd=...) 形式下的占位 fn（cmd 任务执行期不调用 fn）。"""
+    return None
+
+
+def task(
+    fn: TaskFn[Any] | None = None,
+    *,
+    cmd: TaskCmd | None = None,
+    depends_on: tuple[str, ...] = (),
+    soft_depends_on: tuple[str, ...] = (),
+    defaults: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    args: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+    kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
+    retry: RetryPolicy | None = None,
+    timeout: float | None = None,
+    tags: tuple[str, ...] = (),
+    conditions: tuple[Condition, ...] = (),
+    cwd: str | Path | None = None,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    verbose: bool = False,
+    skip_if_missing: bool = False,
+    allow_upstream_skip: bool = False,
+    strategy: str | None = None,
+    priority: int = 0,
+    concurrency_key: str | None = None,
+    continue_on_error: bool = False,
+    cache_key: CacheKeyFn | None = None,
+    hooks: TaskHooks | None = None,
+    name: str | None = None,
+) -> Any:
+    """装饰器：将函数转为 :class:`TaskSpec`。
+
+    ``name`` 默认取 ``fn.__name__``。可直接装饰函数，或带参数使用。
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> @px.task
+    ... def extract(): return [1, 2, 3]
+    >>> @px.task(depends_on=("extract",))
+    ... def double(extract): return [x * 2 for x in extract]
+    >>> graph = px.Graph.from_specs([extract, double])
+    """
+
+    def _decorate(func: TaskFn[Any]) -> TaskSpec[Any]:
+        spec_name = name or func.__name__
+        return TaskSpec(
+            name=spec_name,
+            fn=func,
+            cmd=cmd,
+            depends_on=depends_on,
+            soft_depends_on=soft_depends_on,
+            defaults=dict(defaults) if defaults else {},
+            args=args,
+            kwargs=dict(kwargs) if kwargs else {},
+            retry=retry if retry is not None else RetryPolicy(),
+            timeout=timeout,
+            tags=tags,
+            conditions=conditions,
+            cwd=Path(cwd) if isinstance(cwd, str) else cwd,
+            env=dict(env) if env else None,
+            verbose=verbose,
+            skip_if_missing=skip_if_missing,
+            allow_upstream_skip=allow_upstream_skip,
+            strategy=strategy,
+            priority=priority,
+            concurrency_key=concurrency_key,
+            continue_on_error=continue_on_error,
+            cache_key=cache_key,
+            hooks=hooks if hooks is not None else TaskHooks(),
+        )
+
+    if fn is None and cmd is None:
+        # 带参数调用：@task(depends_on=...)，等待被装饰函数
+        return _decorate
+    if fn is None:
+        # task(cmd=..., name=...) 直接构造，无被装饰函数
+        if name is None:
+            raise ValueError("task(cmd=...) 需要显式提供 name")
+        return _decorate(_task_noop)
+    return _decorate(fn)
+
+
+def cmd(
+    command: list[str],
+    *,
+    name: str | None = None,
+    depends_on: tuple[str, ...] = (),
+    **kwargs: Any,
+) -> TaskSpec[Any]:
+    """从命令列表快速创建 :class:`TaskSpec`。
+
+    ``name`` 默认为 ``"_".join(command[:2])``（如 ``["uv", "build"]`` → ``"uv_build"``）。
+    若命令不足两个元素则用 ``"_".join(command)``。
+
+    其余关键字参数透传给 :class:`TaskSpec`（如 ``depends_on``、``tags`` 等）。
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> uv_build = px.cmd(["uv", "build"])
+    >>> uv_build.name
+    'uv_build'
+    >>> lint = px.cmd(["ruff", "check", "--fix"], name="lint")
+    >>> lint.name
+    'lint'
+    """
+    spec_name = name or "_".join(command[:2]) if len(command) >= 2 else "_".join(command)
+    return TaskSpec(
+        name=spec_name,
+        cmd=command,
+        depends_on=depends_on,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+
+
 def task_template(
    fn: TaskFn[Any] | None = None,
    cmd: TaskCmd | None = None,
@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@

 from __future__ import annotations

+__all__ = [
+    "clr",
+    "reset_icon_cache",
+    "setenv",
+    "setenv_group",
+    "which",
+    "write_file",
+]
+
 import os
 import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -66,7 +75,7 @@ def reset_icon_cache() -> list[px.TaskSpec]:
    ]


-def setenv(name: str, value: str, default: bool = False):
+def setenv(name: str, value: str, default: bool = False) -> px.TaskSpec:
    """设置环境变量任务."""

    def set_env():
@@ -78,7 +87,12 @@ def setenv(name: str, value: str, default: bool = False):
    return px.TaskSpec(f"setenv_{name.lower()}", fn=set_env, verbose=True)


-def which(cmd: str):
+def setenv_group(envs: dict[str, str], default: bool = False) -> list[px.TaskSpec]:
+    """设置环境变量组任务."""
+    return [setenv(name, value, default) for name, value in envs.items()]
+
+
+def which(cmd: str) -> px.TaskSpec:
    """查找命令路径任务."""
    which_cmd = "where" if Constants.IS_WINDOWS else "which"

@@ -95,4 +109,11 @@ def which(cmd: str):
    return px.TaskSpec(f"which_{cmd}", fn=find_command)


-__all__ = ["clr", "setenv", "which"]
+def write_file(path: str, content: str, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> px.TaskSpec:
+    """写入文件任务."""
+
+    def write():
+        p = Path(path)
+        p.write_text(content, encoding=encoding)
+
+    return px.TaskSpec(f"write_file_{path}", fn=write, verbose=True)
@@ -0,0 +1,599 @@
+"""@px.tool 装饰器: 函数签名驱动 CLI 生成 + DAG 编排.
+
+替代 YAML 配置模式, 用 .py 装饰器统一描述工具.
+函数签名 → argparse 自动生成, 函数体即任务逻辑, needs/strategy 表达 DAG.
+
+示例
+----
+::
+
+    @px.tool("pdftool", subcommand="m", help="合并 PDF")
+    def pdf_merge(
+        inputs: list[Path],                  # positional, nargs="+"
+        output: Path = Path("merged.pdf"),   # --output 选项
+    ) -> None:
+        ...  # 函数体即逻辑
+
+    # CLI: pf pdftool m a.pdf b.pdf --output merged.pdf
+
+cmd 任务 (执行外部命令, 函数体不执行)::
+
+    @px.tool("pymake", subcommand="b", help="构建", cmd=["uv", "build"])
+    def b(cwd: Path = Path(".")) -> None:
+        pass  # 签名仅驱动 CLI, cwd 注入到 cmd 工作目录
+
+聚合任务 (有 needs 无 cmd 无函数逻辑)::
+
+    @px.tool("pymake", subcommand="tc", help="类型检查",
+             needs=["c", "pyrefly_check", "lint"], strategy="thread")
+    def tc(cwd: Path = Path(".")) -> None:
+        pass  # 仅作依赖聚合点
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+__all__ = [
+    "ToolExitCode",
+    "ToolSpec",
+    "clear_tool_registry",
+    "get_tool",
+    "list_subcommands",
+    "list_tools",
+    "run_tool",
+    "tool",
+]
+
+import argparse
+import ast
+import enum
+import inspect
+import sys
+import textwrap
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, Mapping, Sequence, Union, cast, get_args, get_origin, get_type_hints
+
+from pyflowx.errors import PyFlowXError
+from pyflowx.executors import run
+from pyflowx.graph import Graph
+from pyflowx.task import RetryPolicy, TaskSpec
+
+
+class ToolExitCode(enum.IntEnum):
+    """工具执行退出码."""
+
+    SUCCESS = 0
+    FAILURE = 1
+    INTERRUPTED = 130  # 与 POSIX 信号中断一致
+
+
+def _noop() -> None:
+    """聚合任务的占位函数."""
+    return None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# ToolSpec: 工具描述符
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ToolSpec:
+    """工具描述符: 由 ``@px.tool`` 装饰器注册.
+
+    封装函数 + CLI 元数据 + DAG 编排参数, 运行时映射为 :class:`TaskSpec`.
+    """
+
+    name: str  # 工具名 (如 "pdftool")
+    subcommand: str | None  # 子命令名 (None=单命令工具)
+    func: Callable[..., Any]  # 函数 (签名驱动 CLI, 体即逻辑)
+    help: str = ""  # 帮助文本
+    description: str = ""  # 工具描述 (pf 列表用)
+    cmd: tuple[str, ...] | str | None = None  # 命令 (有则执行 cmd, 无则执行函数体)
+    needs: tuple[str, ...] = ()  # 依赖任务 (引用同 tool 的 subcommand)
+    strategy: Literal["sequential", "thread", "async", "dependency"] | None = None  # 执行策略
+    cwd: str | Path | None = None  # 工作目录 (cmd 任务, 装饰器级默认)
+    allow_upstream_skip: bool = False
+    hidden: bool = False  # 不暴露为 subcommand (内部 job)
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None
+    retry: RetryPolicy | None = None
+    timeout: float | None = None
+
+
+# 全局工具注册表: {tool_name: {subcommand: ToolSpec}}
+_TOOL_REGISTRY: dict[str, dict[str | None, ToolSpec]] = {}
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# @tool 装饰器 + 注册表
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def tool(
+    name: str,
+    *,
+    subcommand: str | None = None,
+    help: str = "",
+    description: str = "",
+    cmd: Sequence[str] | str | None = None,
+    needs: Sequence[str] | None = None,
+    strategy: Literal["sequential", "thread", "async", "dependency"] | None = None,
+    cwd: str | Path | None = None,
+    allow_upstream_skip: bool = False,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
+    retry: RetryPolicy | None = None,
+    timeout: float | None = None,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]]:
+    """装饰器: 将函数注册为 ``@px.tool`` 工具.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        工具名 (如 "pdftool"); 多个 ``@px.tool`` 共用同名即多 subcommand 工具
+    subcommand : str | None
+        子命令名; ``None`` 表示单命令工具 (整个工具仅一个函数)
+    help : str
+        子命令帮助文本; 默认用函数 docstring
+    description : str
+        工具描述, 用于 pf 工具列表
+    cmd : Sequence[str] | str | None
+        命令列表或 shell 字符串; 有 ``cmd`` 执行命令, 函数体不执行 (签名仅驱动 CLI)
+    needs : Sequence[str] | None
+        依赖任务名 (引用同 tool 的其他 subcommand)
+    strategy : str | None
+        执行策略: ``sequential`` / ``thread`` / ``async`` / ``dependency``
+    cwd : str | Path | None
+        工作目录 (cmd 任务装饰器级默认); 若函数签名有 ``cwd`` 参数则被 CLI 值覆盖
+    allow_upstream_skip : bool
+        上游 SKIPPED 时本任务仍执行
+    hidden : bool
+        不暴露为 subcommand (内部 job, 仅被 needs 引用)
+    env / retry / timeout
+        透传 :class:`TaskSpec` 对应字段
+    """
+
+    def decorator(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+        spec = ToolSpec(
+            name=name,
+            subcommand=subcommand,
+            func=func,
+            help=help or inspect.getdoc(func) or "",
+            description=description,
+            cmd=cast("tuple[str, ...] | str | None", tuple(cmd) if isinstance(cmd, (list, tuple)) else cmd),
+            needs=tuple(needs) if needs else (),
+            strategy=strategy,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            allow_upstream_skip=allow_upstream_skip,
+            hidden=hidden,
+            env=dict(env) if env else None,
+            retry=retry,
+            timeout=timeout,
+        )
+        _register_tool(spec)
+        return func
+
+    return decorator
+
+
+def _register_tool(spec: ToolSpec) -> None:
+    """注册工具到全局注册表, 校验重复."""
+    if spec.name not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+        _TOOL_REGISTRY[spec.name] = {}
+    if spec.subcommand in _TOOL_REGISTRY[spec.name]:
+        raise ValueError(f"工具 {spec.name!r} 的子命令 {spec.subcommand!r} 已注册")
+    _TOOL_REGISTRY[spec.name][spec.subcommand] = spec
+
+
+def get_tool(name: str, subcommand: str | None = None) -> ToolSpec:
+    """获取已注册工具.
+
+    Raises
+    ------
+    KeyError
+        工具或子命令未注册
+    """
+    if name not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+        raise KeyError(f"工具 {name!r} 未注册")
+    subs = _TOOL_REGISTRY[name]
+    if subcommand not in subs:
+        raise KeyError(f"工具 {name!r} 没有子命令 {subcommand!r}")
+    return subs[subcommand]
+
+
+def list_tools() -> list[str]:
+    """列出所有已注册工具名."""
+    return sorted(_TOOL_REGISTRY.keys())
+
+
+def list_subcommands(name: str, include_hidden: bool = False) -> list[str]:
+    """列出工具的子命令 (hidden 默认排除).
+
+    单命令工具 (subcommand=None) 返回空列表.
+    """
+    if name not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+        return []
+    return sorted(
+        sc for sc, spec in _TOOL_REGISTRY[name].items() if sc is not None and (include_hidden or not spec.hidden)
+    )
+
+
+def clear_tool_registry() -> None:
+    """清空注册表 (测试用)."""
+    _TOOL_REGISTRY.clear()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CLI 生成 (函数签名 → argparse)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def _snake_to_kebab(name: str) -> str:
+    """snake_case → kebab-case."""
+    return name.replace("_", "-")
+
+
+def _unwrap_optional(annotation: Any) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+    """返回 (实际类型, 是否 Optional).
+
+    ``Optional[X]`` / ``X | None`` → ``(X, True)``; 其他 → ``(annotation, False)``.
+    """
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    is_union = origin is Union
+    if not is_union and sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+        import types as _types
+
+        is_union = origin is _types.UnionType
+    if is_union:
+        args = [a for a in get_args(annotation) if a is not type(None)]
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            return args[0], True
+    return annotation, False
+
+
+def _map_param_type(annotation: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """将类型注解转为 argparse add_argument 的关键字参数.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict
+        含 ``type`` / ``nargs`` / ``choices`` 等; bool 不在此处理 (由调用方特殊处理)
+    """
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    inner, _is_opt = _unwrap_optional(annotation)
+    origin = get_origin(inner)
+
+    # list[X] / List[X] → nargs="+"
+    if origin is list:
+        args = get_args(inner)
+        if args:
+            kwargs["type"] = args[0]
+        kwargs["nargs"] = "+"
+        return kwargs
+
+    # Literal["a", "b"] → choices
+    if origin is Literal:
+        kwargs["choices"] = list(get_args(inner))
+        return kwargs
+
+    # 基本类型
+    if inner is int:
+        kwargs["type"] = int
+    elif inner is float:
+        kwargs["type"] = float
+    elif inner is Path:
+        kwargs["type"] = Path
+    elif inner is str:
+        kwargs["type"] = str
+
+    return kwargs
+
+
+def _add_func_args_to_parser(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, func: Callable[..., Any]) -> None:
+    """从函数签名向 parser 添加位置参数和选项参数.
+
+    - 无默认值 → positional
+    - 有默认值 → ``--kebab-case`` 选项
+    - ``bool`` 默认 False → ``--flag`` store_true; 默认 True → ``--no-flag`` store_false
+    - ``list[X]`` → ``nargs="+"``
+    - ``Literal[...]`` → ``choices``
+    """
+    sig = inspect.signature(func)
+    try:
+        hints: dict[str, Any] = get_type_hints(func)
+    except Exception:
+        hints = {}
+
+    for pname, param in sig.parameters.items():
+        if pname in ("self",):
+            continue
+        if param.kind in (inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL, inspect.Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD):
+            continue
+        annotation = hints.get(pname, param.annotation if param.annotation is not inspect.Parameter.empty else str)
+        has_default = param.default is not inspect.Parameter.empty
+        default = param.default if has_default else inspect.Parameter.empty
+
+        # bool 特殊处理
+        if annotation is bool:
+            if not has_default or default is False:
+                parser.add_argument(
+                    f"--{_snake_to_kebab(pname)}",
+                    dest=pname,
+                    action="store_true",
+                    default=False,
+                    help=pname,
+                )
+            else:  # 默认 True → --no-flag store_false
+                parser.add_argument(
+                    f"--no-{_snake_to_kebab(pname)}",
+                    dest=pname,
+                    action="store_false",
+                    default=True,
+                    help=f"禁用 {pname}",
+                )
+            continue
+
+        type_kwargs = _map_param_type(annotation)
+
+        if has_default:
+            flag = f"--{_snake_to_kebab(pname)}"
+            kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {"dest": pname, "default": default, "help": pname}
+            kwargs.update(type_kwargs)
+            parser.add_argument(flag, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            # 位置参数; 若类型是 list[X] 则 nargs="+" 已在 type_kwargs
+            kwargs = {"help": pname}
+            kwargs.update(type_kwargs)
+            parser.add_argument(pname, **kwargs)
+
+
+def _add_global_options(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    """向 parser (及所有 subparser) 添加全局选项."""
+    parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", help="仅打印执行计划, 不执行")
+    parser.add_argument("--quiet", "-q", action="store_false", dest="verbose", help="减少输出")
+    parser.add_argument("--strategy", type=str, default=None, help="执行策略 (sequential/thread/dependency)")
+    parser.add_argument("--list", action="store_true", dest="list_jobs", help="列出所有任务后退出")
+    # 子命令也加全局选项
+    for action in parser._actions:
+        if action.dest == "command" and isinstance(action.choices, dict):
+            for sub in action.choices.values():
+                sub.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true")
+                sub.add_argument("--quiet", "-q", action="store_false", dest="verbose")
+                sub.add_argument("--strategy", type=str, default=None)
+                sub.add_argument("--list", action="store_true", dest="list_jobs")
+
+
+def _build_parser(name: str, all_subs: dict[str | None, ToolSpec]) -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    """构建 argparse 解析器.
+
+    单命令工具 (仅 subcommand=None) → 简单 parser;
+    多 subcommand 工具 → 带 subparsers.
+    """
+    first_spec = next(iter(all_subs.values()))
+    description = first_spec.description or first_spec.help or name
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=f"pf {name}", description=description)
+
+    if None in all_subs and len(all_subs) == 1:
+        # 单命令工具
+        _add_func_args_to_parser(parser, all_subs[None].func)
+    else:
+        # 多 subcommand 工具
+        visible = [(sc, sp) for sc, sp in all_subs.items() if sc is not None and not sp.hidden]
+        if visible:
+            subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", help="可用命令")
+            for sc, sp in sorted(visible, key=lambda x: x[0] or ""):
+                sub = subparsers.add_parser(sc, help=sp.help, description=sp.help)
+                _add_func_args_to_parser(sub, sp.func)
+
+    _add_global_options(parser)
+    return parser
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# 依赖收集 + TaskSpec 构建
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def _collect_with_deps(name: str, target: str | None) -> list[str | None]:
+    """BFS 收集 target 及其传递依赖 (subcommand 名).
+
+    返回顺序: 依赖在前, target 在后 (符合 DAG 拓扑).
+    """
+    if name not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+        return [target]
+    subs = _TOOL_REGISTRY[name]
+    result: list[str | None] = []
+    seen: set[str | None] = set()
+    queue: list[str | None] = [target]
+    while queue:
+        sc = queue.pop(0)
+        if sc in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(sc)
+        result.append(sc)
+        if sc in subs:
+            queue.extend(subs[sc].needs)
+    # 反转: 依赖在前, target 在后
+    result.reverse()
+    return result
+
+
+def _has_function_logic(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool:
+    """判断函数体是否有实际逻辑 (非 pass/.../docstring).
+
+    用 ast 分析, 避免 exec 函数.
+    """
+    try:
+        src = inspect.getsource(func)
+        src = textwrap.dedent(src)
+        tree = ast.parse(src)
+    except (OSError, TypeError, SyntaxError):  # pragma: no cover
+        return True
+    func_def = next((n for n in ast.walk(tree) if isinstance(n, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef))), None)
+    if func_def is None:  # pragma: no cover
+        return True
+    for stmt in func_def.body:
+        if isinstance(stmt, ast.Expr) and isinstance(stmt.value, ast.Constant):
+            continue  # docstring
+        if isinstance(stmt, ast.Pass):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _is_aggregate(spec: ToolSpec) -> bool:
+    """判断是否为聚合任务 (有 needs 无 cmd 无函数逻辑)."""
+    if spec.cmd is not None or not spec.needs:
+        return False
+    return not _has_function_logic(spec.func)
+
+
+def _build_task_spec(spec: ToolSpec, variables: Mapping[str, Any]) -> TaskSpec:
+    """将 ToolSpec + 解析后的变量转为 TaskSpec.
+
+    - cmd 任务: 执行命令, cwd 从 variables["cwd"] 或装饰器 cwd 取
+    - 聚合任务 (有 needs 无 cmd 无函数逻辑): fn=noop
+    - fn 任务: 执行函数, kwargs 按签名从 variables 取
+    """
+    task_name = spec.subcommand if spec.subcommand is not None else spec.name
+
+    # cmd 任务
+    if spec.cmd is not None:
+        cwd_value = variables.get("cwd", spec.cwd)
+        cwd = Path(cwd_value) if cwd_value is not None else None
+        cmd_value: Any = list(spec.cmd) if isinstance(spec.cmd, tuple) else spec.cmd
+        return TaskSpec(
+            name=task_name,
+            cmd=cmd_value,
+            depends_on=spec.needs,
+            cwd=cwd,
+            env=spec.env,
+            retry=spec.retry or RetryPolicy(),
+            timeout=spec.timeout,
+            allow_upstream_skip=spec.allow_upstream_skip,
+            strategy=spec.strategy,
+        )
+
+    # 聚合任务
+    if _is_aggregate(spec):
+        return TaskSpec(
+            name=task_name,
+            fn=_noop,
+            depends_on=spec.needs,
+            allow_upstream_skip=spec.allow_upstream_skip,
+            strategy=spec.strategy,
+        )
+
+    # fn 任务
+    sig = inspect.signature(spec.func)
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for pname in sig.parameters:
+        if pname in variables:
+            kwargs[pname] = variables[pname]
+    cwd_value = variables.get("cwd")
+    cwd = Path(cwd_value) if cwd_value is not None else None
+    return TaskSpec(
+        name=task_name,
+        fn=spec.func,
+        kwargs=kwargs,
+        depends_on=spec.needs,
+        cwd=cwd,
+        env=spec.env,
+        retry=spec.retry or RetryPolicy(),
+        timeout=spec.timeout,
+        allow_upstream_skip=spec.allow_upstream_skip,
+        strategy=spec.strategy,
+    )
+
+
+def _extract_variables(args: argparse.Namespace, func: Callable[..., Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """从 argparse namespace 提取函数签名对应的参数."""
+    sig = inspect.signature(func)
+    variables: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    for pname in sig.parameters:
+        if hasattr(args, pname):
+            variables[pname] = getattr(args, pname)
+    return variables
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# 执行入口
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+def _handle_list(name: str, all_subs: dict[str | None, ToolSpec]) -> int:
+    """处理 --list, 打印任务列表."""
+    print(f"工具 {name} 的任务列表:")
+    for sc, spec in sorted(all_subs.items(), key=lambda x: (x[0] is not None, x[0] or "")):
+        display = sc if sc is not None else name
+        deps = ", ".join(spec.needs) if spec.needs else "(无依赖)"
+        hidden = " [隐藏]" if spec.hidden else ""
+        cmd_tag = " [cmd]" if spec.cmd is not None else ""
+        print(f"  - {display} (依赖: {deps}){cmd_tag}{hidden}")
+    return 0
+
+
+def run_tool(name: str, argv: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    """执行工具, 返回退出码 (0 成功 / 1 失败 / 130 中断).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name : str
+        工具名 (已通过 ``@px.tool`` 注册)
+    argv : Sequence[str] | None
+        命令行参数 (不含工具名); None 用 ``sys.argv[1:]``
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int
+        退出码
+    """
+    if name not in _TOOL_REGISTRY:
+        print(f"错误: 未注册工具 {name!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return ToolExitCode.FAILURE
+
+    all_subs = _TOOL_REGISTRY[name]
+    argv = list(argv) if argv is not None else sys.argv[1:]
+
+    parser = _build_parser(name, all_subs)
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+
+    # --list 优先
+    if getattr(args, "list_jobs", False):
+        return _handle_list(name, all_subs)
+
+    # 确定要执行的 subcommand
+    visible_subs = [sc for sc, sp in all_subs.items() if sc is not None and not sp.hidden]
+    is_multi = len(visible_subs) > 1
+
+    if is_multi:
+        subcommand = getattr(args, "command", None)
+        if subcommand is None:
+            parser.print_help()
+            return ToolExitCode.SUCCESS
+    else:
+        # 单命令工具: subcommand 是 None 或唯一可见的具名 subcommand
+        subcommand = visible_subs[0] if visible_subs else None
+
+    if subcommand not in all_subs:
+        print(f"错误: 未知子命令 {subcommand!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return ToolExitCode.FAILURE
+
+    target_spec = all_subs[subcommand]
+    variables = _extract_variables(args, target_spec.func)
+
+    # 收集依赖 + 构建子图
+    all_names = _collect_with_deps(name, subcommand)
+    specs: list[TaskSpec] = []
+    for sc in all_names:
+        dep_spec = all_subs[sc]
+        specs.append(_build_task_spec(dep_spec, variables))
+
+    graph = Graph.from_specs(specs)
+
+    print(f"[{name}] 执行: {subcommand or '全部任务'}", flush=True)
+
+    try:
+        run(
+            graph,
+            strategy=target_spec.strategy or "dependency",
+            dry_run=getattr(args, "dry_run", False),
+            verbose=getattr(args, "verbose", True),
+        )
+        return ToolExitCode.SUCCESS
+    except PyFlowXError as e:
+        print(f"错误: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return ToolExitCode.FAILURE
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\n已中断", file=sys.stderr)
+        return ToolExitCode.INTERRUPTED
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""进程池测试辅助：模块级函数（须可 pickle）。"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+
+
+def cpu_heavy(n: int) -> int:
+    """CPU 密集型计算（求平方和）。"""
+    return sum(i * i for i in range(n))
+
+
+def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
+    """简单加法。"""
+    return a + b
+
+
+def sub(a: int, b: int) -> int:
+    """简单减法。"""
+    return a - b
+
+
+def slow_sleep(seconds: float) -> int:
+    """睡眠指定秒数，用于测试超时。"""
+    time.sleep(seconds)
+    return int(seconds)
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch

-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import autofmt
+from pyflowx.ops import autofmt as dev


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -19,14 +18,14 @@ class TestFormatWithRuff:
        """Should format with ruff."""
        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.format_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=True)
+            dev.format_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=True)
            assert mock_run.called

    def test_format_with_ruff_no_fix(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Should format with ruff without fix."""
        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.format_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=False)
+            dev.format_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=False)
            # Should not include --fix flag
            call_args = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
            assert "--fix" not in call_args
@@ -42,14 +41,14 @@ class TestLintWithRuff:
        """Should lint with ruff."""
        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.lint_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=True)
+            dev.lint_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=True)
            assert mock_run.called

    def test_lint_with_ruff_no_fix(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Should lint with ruff without fix."""
        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.lint_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=False)
+            dev.lint_with_ruff(tmp_path, fix=False)
            # Should not include --fix flag
            call_args = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
            assert "--fix" not in call_args
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ class TestAddDocstring:
        py_file = tmp_path / "test.py"
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        result = autofmt.add_docstring(py_file, '"""Test module."""')
+        result = dev.add_docstring(py_file, '"""Test module."""')
        assert result is True

    def test_add_docstring_skips_files_with_docstring(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ class TestAddDocstring:
        py_file = tmp_path / "test.py"
        py_file.write_text('"""Existing docstring."""\ndef test():\n    pass\n')

-        result = autofmt.add_docstring(py_file, '"""New docstring."""')
+        result = dev.add_docstring(py_file, '"""New docstring."""')
        assert result is False

    def test_add_docstring_empty_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ class TestAddDocstring:
        py_file = tmp_path / "test.py"
        py_file.write_text("")

-        result = autofmt.add_docstring(py_file, '"""Test module."""')
+        result = dev.add_docstring(py_file, '"""Test module."""')
        # Should handle empty file
        assert result is True

@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ class TestGenerateModuleDocstring:
        py_file = tmp_path / "test.py"
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        result = autofmt.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
+        result = dev.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
        # Should contain "Tests for" since stem contains "test"
        assert "Tests for" in result

@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ class TestGenerateModuleDocstring:
        py_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        result = autofmt.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
+        result = dev.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
        assert "mypackage" in result

    def test_generate_module_docstring_cli(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ class TestGenerateModuleDocstring:
        py_file = tmp_path / "cli.py"
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        result = autofmt.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
+        result = dev.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
        assert "Command-line interface" in result

    def test_generate_module_docstring_util(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ class TestGenerateModuleDocstring:
        py_file = tmp_path / "utils.py"
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        result = autofmt.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
+        result = dev.generate_module_docstring(py_file)
        assert "Utility functions" in result


@@ -139,8 +138,8 @@ class TestAutoAddDocstrings:
        py_file = tmp_path / "test.py"
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        with patch.object(autofmt, "add_docstring", return_value=True):
-            count = autofmt.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
+        with patch.object(dev, "add_docstring", return_value=True):
+            count = dev.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
            assert count >= 0

    def test_auto_add_docstrings_skips_ignored(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ class TestAutoAddDocstrings:
        py_file.parent.mkdir()
        py_file.write_text("def test():\n    pass\n")

-        count = autofmt.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
+        count = dev.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
        # Should skip __pycache__
        assert count == 0

@@ -158,7 +157,7 @@ class TestAutoAddDocstrings:
        txt_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        txt_file.write_text("test content")

-        count = autofmt.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
+        count = dev.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
        assert count == 0


@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class TestSyncPyprojectConfig:

        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.sync_pyproject_config(tmp_path)
+            dev.sync_pyproject_config(tmp_path)
            assert mock_run.called

    def test_sync_pyproject_config_updates_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ class TestSyncPyprojectConfig:

        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.sync_pyproject_config(tmp_path)
+            dev.sync_pyproject_config(tmp_path)
            assert mock_run.called


@@ -207,95 +206,13 @@ class TestFormatAll:
        """Should run ruff format."""
        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.format_all(tmp_path)
+            dev.format_all(tmp_path)
            assert mock_run.called

    def test_format_all_runs_ruff_check(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Should run ruff check."""
        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            autofmt.format_all(tmp_path)
+            dev.format_all(tmp_path)
            # Should call ruff format and ruff check
            assert mock_run.call_count == 2
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_fmt_default_target(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle fmt command with default target."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_fmt_custom_target(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle fmt command with custom target."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt", "--target", "src"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_lint_default_target(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle lint command with default target."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "lint"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_lint_with_fix(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle lint command with fix."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "lint", "--fix"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_lint_custom_target(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle lint command with custom target."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "lint", "--target", "src"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_doc_default_root(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle doc command with default root."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "doc"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_doc_custom_root(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle doc command with custom root."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "doc", "--root-dir", "src"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_sync_default_root(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle sync command with default root."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "sync"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_sync_custom_root(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle sync command with custom root."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "sync", "--root-dir", "."]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
-        """main() with no args should show help."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt"]), patch.object(autofmt, "main"):
-            # Just call main, it should show help and return
-            autofmt.main()
-            # main() should return without calling px.run
-            assert True
-
-    def test_main_creates_task_specs_with_verbose(self) -> None:
-        """main() should create TaskSpecs with verbose=True."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
-        """main() should use thread strategy."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            autofmt.main()
-            # Check that strategy="thread" was used
-            assert mock_run.called
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-"""Tests for cli.bumpversion module."""
+"""Tests for ops.bumpversion module."""

 from __future__ import annotations

+import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch

 import pytest

-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import bumpversion
+from pyflowx.ops import bumpversion


@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -23,296 +22,171 @@ def auto_use_tmp_path(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
 class TestBumpFileVersion:
    """Test bump_file_version function."""

-    def test_bump_patch_version(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should bump patch version correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        test_file.write_text('version = "1.2.3"', encoding="utf-8")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("part", "expected"),
+        [("patch", "1.2.4"), ("minor", "1.3.0"), ("major", "2.0.0")],
+    )
+    def test_bump_pyproject(self, tmp_path: Path, part: str, expected: str) -> None:
+        """pyproject.toml 三种 part 递增."""
+        f = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        f.write_text('version = "1.2.3"', encoding="utf-8")
+        assert bumpversion.bump_file_version(f, part) == expected  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        assert f'version = "{expected}"' in f.read_text(encoding="utf-8")

-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("part", "expected"),
+        [("patch", "1.2.4"), ("minor", "1.3.0"), ("major", "2.0.0")],
+    )
+    def test_bump_init_py(self, tmp_path: Path, part: str, expected: str) -> None:
+        """__init__.py 三种 part 递增."""
+        f = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
+        f.write_text('__version__ = "1.2.3"', encoding="utf-8")
+        assert bumpversion.bump_file_version(f, part) == expected  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        assert f'__version__ = "{expected}"' in f.read_text(encoding="utf-8")

-        assert result == "1.2.4"
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == 'version = "1.2.4"'
-
-    def test_bump_minor_version(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should bump minor version correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        test_file.write_text('version = "1.2.3"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "minor")
-
-        assert result == "1.3.0"
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == 'version = "1.3.0"'
-
-    def test_bump_major_version(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should bump major version correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        test_file.write_text('version = "1.2.3"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "major")
-
-        assert result == "2.0.0"
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == 'version = "2.0.0"'
-
-    def test_version_pattern_with_prerelease(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle version with prerelease suffix."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        test_file.write_text('version = "1.2.3-alpha.1"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        assert result == "1.2.4"
-        # 预发布版本应该被清除
-        content = test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    def test_prerelease_and_build_metadata_stripped(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """prerelease 和 build metadata 应被清除."""
+        f = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        f.write_text('version = "1.2.3-alpha.1+build.123"', encoding="utf-8")
+        assert bumpversion.bump_file_version(f, "patch") == "1.2.4"
+        content = f.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
        assert "alpha" not in content
-
-    def test_version_pattern_with_build_metadata(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle version with build metadata."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        test_file.write_text('version = "1.2.3+build.123"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        assert result == "1.2.4"
-        # 构建元数据应该被清除
-        content = test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
        assert "build" not in content

-    def test_no_version_found(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should return None when no version pattern found."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("no version here", encoding="utf-8")
+    def test_dependencies_not_modified(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """只更新 project version, 不动 dependencies 中的版本号."""
+        f = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        f.write_text(
+            '[project]\nversion = "1.0.0"\ndependencies = ["lib >= 2.0.0", "other >= 3.0.0"]\n',
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        assert bumpversion.bump_file_version(f, "patch") == "1.0.1"
+        content = f.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert 'version = "1.0.1"' in content
+        assert "lib >= 2.0.0" in content
+        assert "other >= 3.0.0" in content

-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
+    def test_no_version_pattern_returns_none(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """未匹配到版本号模式返回 None (支持类型但无版本 / 不支持的文件类型)."""
+        f1 = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
+        f1.write_text("# no version here", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert bumpversion.bump_file_version(f1, "patch") is None
+        assert "未找到版本号模式" in capsys.readouterr().out

-        assert result is None
-        captured = capsys.readouterr()
-        assert "未找到版本号模式" in captured.out
-
-    def test_utf8_encoding(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle UTF-8 encoded files correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        test_file.write_text('__version__ = "1.2.3"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        assert result == "1.2.4"
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == '__version__ = "1.2.4"'
-
-    def test_pyproject_toml_format(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle pyproject.toml format correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        content = """
-[project]
-name = "test"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Test project"
-"""
-        test_file.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "minor")
-
-        assert result == "0.2.0"
-        updated = test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        assert 'version = "0.2.0"' in updated
-        assert 'name = "test"' in updated
-
-    def test_init_py_format(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle __init__.py format correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        content = '''"""Package info."""
-
-__version__ = "1.0.0"
-'''
-        test_file.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "major")
-
-        assert result == "2.0.0"
-        updated = test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        assert '__version__ = "2.0.0"' in updated
-
-    def test_multiple_versions_in_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should only bump the project version, not dependencies."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
-        content = """
-[project]
-version = "1.0.0"
-dependencies = ["lib >= 2.0.0", "other >= 3.0.0"]
-"""
-        test_file.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        assert result == "1.0.1"
-        updated = test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        assert 'version = "1.0.1"' in updated
-        # 确保 dependencies 中的版本没有被更新
-        assert "lib >= 2.0.0" in updated
-        assert "other >= 3.0.0" in updated
-
-    def test_file_read_error(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should handle file read errors."""
-        # 创建一个目录而不是文件
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test_dir"
-        test_file.mkdir()
+        f2 = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        f2.write_text("no version here", encoding="utf-8")
+        assert bumpversion.bump_file_version(f2, "patch") is None

+    def test_read_directory_raises(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """读取目录 (名为 __init__.py) 应抛异常."""
+        f = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
+        f.mkdir()
        with pytest.raises(Exception):  # noqa: B017
-            bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
+            bumpversion.bump_file_version(f, "patch")

-    def test_file_write_error(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should handle file write errors."""
-        # 在只读目录中创建文件（这个测试在某些系统上可能不适用）
-        test_file = tmp_path / "readonly.toml"
-        test_file.write_text('version = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
-        # 设置为只读
-        test_file.chmod(0o444)
+    def test_write_failure_raises(self, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """写入失败应抛 OSError."""
+        f = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
+        f.write_text('__version__ = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")

-        try:
-            with pytest.raises(Exception):  # noqa: B017
-                bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-        finally:
-            # 恢复权限以便清理
-            test_file.chmod(0o644)
+        def raise_oserror(*_args: object, **_kwargs: object) -> None:
+            raise OSError("write failed")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "write_text", raise_oserror)
+        with pytest.raises(OSError, match="write failed"):
+            bumpversion.bump_file_version(f, "patch")


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# Version pattern tests
+# bump_project_version (核心 bug 修复: 不同步文件统一同步)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestVersionPattern:
-    """Test version pattern matching."""
+class TestBumpProjectVersion:
+    """Test bump_project_version function."""

-    def test_simple_version(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should match simple version."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        test_file.write_text('__version__ = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
+    @staticmethod
+    def _mock_subprocess(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> list[list[str]]:
+        """Mock subprocess.run, 返回调用记录列表."""
+        calls: list[list[str]] = []

-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
+        def fake_run(cmd: list[str], **_kwargs: object) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess[bytes]:
+            calls.append(cmd)
+            return subprocess.CompletedProcess(cmd, 0, b"", b"")

-        assert result == "1.0.1"
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", fake_run)
+        return calls

-    def test_version_with_zeros(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle versions with zeros correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        test_file.write_text('__version__ = "0.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
+    def test_unsynced_files_synchronized(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """核心 bug 修复: 不同步的文件应统一同步到同一新版本号.

-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
+        场景: __init__.py = 0.4.5, pyproject.toml = 0.3.5 (历史不同步)
+        期望: bump patch 后两者都变为 0.4.6 (取最大值 0.4.5 作为基准 +1)
+        """
+        init_file = tmp_path / "src" / "pkg" / "__init__.py"
+        init_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        init_file.write_text('__version__ = "0.4.5"', encoding="utf-8")
+        pyproj = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        pyproj.write_text('version = "0.3.5"', encoding="utf-8")

-        assert result == "0.0.1"
+        calls = self._mock_subprocess(monkeypatch)

-    def test_large_version_numbers(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle large version numbers."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        test_file.write_text('__version__ = "10.20.30"', encoding="utf-8")
+        result = bumpversion.bump_project_version("patch")

-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "minor")
+        assert result == "0.4.6"
+        assert '__version__ = "0.4.6"' in init_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert 'version = "0.4.6"' in pyproj.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        out = capsys.readouterr().out
+        assert "基准版本: 0.4.5" in out
+        assert "新版本: 0.4.6" in out

-        assert result == "10.21.0"
+        add_calls = [c for c in calls if c[:2] == ["git", "add"]]
+        assert len(add_calls) == 1
+        # 跨平台: Windows 上 Path 转换为反斜杠, 统一用正斜杠比较
+        init_path = str(init_file.relative_to(tmp_path)).replace("\\", "/")
+        assert init_path in [arg.replace("\\", "/") for arg in add_calls[0]]
+        assert "pyproject.toml" in add_calls[0]
+        assert "." not in add_calls[0][2:]

-    def test_version_in_url(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should not match version in URL or other contexts."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("https://example.com/v1.2.3/download", encoding="utf-8")
+        tag_calls = [c for c in calls if c[:2] == ["git", "tag"]]
+        assert len(tag_calls) == 1
+        assert "v0.4.6" in tag_calls[0]

-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        # 不应该匹配 URL 中的版本号
-        assert result is None
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# Edge cases
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestEdgeCases:
-    """Test edge cases and error handling."""
-
-    def test_empty_file(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should handle empty file."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "empty.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        assert result is None
-        captured = capsys.readouterr()
-        assert "未找到版本号模式" in captured.out
-
-    def test_file_with_special_chars(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle file with special characters."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        content = '# 中文注释\n__version__ = "1.0.0"\n# 特殊字符: @#$%'
-        test_file.write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
-
-        result = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-
-        assert result == "1.0.1"
-        updated = test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        assert "# 中文注释" in updated
-        assert "# 特殊字符: @#$%" in updated
-
-    def test_consecutive_bumps(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle consecutive version bumps correctly."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        test_file.write_text('__version__ = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        # 第一次 bump
-        result1 = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "patch")
-        assert result1 == "1.0.1"
-
-        # 第二次 bump
-        result2 = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "minor")
-        assert result2 == "1.1.0"
-
-        # 第三次 bump
-        result3 = bumpversion.bump_file_version(test_file, "major")
-        assert result3 == "2.0.0"
-
-        # 验证最终结果
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == '__version__ = "2.0.0"'
-
-
-class TestBumpVersionCli:
-    """Test bumpversion CLI."""
-
-    def test_minor(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should handle minor version bump."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
-        test_file.write_text('__version__ = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
-
-        # Mock px.run: 只真正执行第一次调用(版本更新),其余返回空 dict
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["bumpversion", "minor", "--no-tag"]), patch("pyflowx.run") as mock_run:
-
-            def run_side_effect(graph: px.Graph, strategy: str | None = None):
-                # 执行实际版本更新任务
-                results = {}
-                for spec in graph.specs.values():
-                    if spec.fn is not None and spec.args:
-                        results[spec.name] = spec.fn(*spec.args)
-                return results
-
-            mock_run.side_effect = run_side_effect
-            bumpversion.main()
-
-        # 验证版本号已更新
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == '__version__ = "1.1.0"'
-
-    def test_no_valid_files(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should handle no valid files."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("这是一个测试文件", encoding="utf-8")
-
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["bumpversion", "minor", "--no-tag"]), patch("pyflowx.run") as mock_run:
-
-            def run_side_effect(graph: px.Graph, strategy: str | None = None):
-                # 执行实际版本更新任务
-                results = {}
-                for spec in graph.specs.values():
-                    if spec.fn is not None and spec.args:
-                        results[spec.name] = spec.fn(*spec.args)
-                return results
-
-            mock_run.side_effect = run_side_effect
-            bumpversion.main()
-
-        # 验证未更新任何文件
-        assert test_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "这是一个测试文件"
+    def test_no_files_returns_none(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """无版本号文件返回 None."""
+        assert bumpversion.bump_project_version("patch") is None
        assert "未找到包含版本号的文件" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+    def test_files_without_version_returns_none(
+        self, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """有文件但所有文件都无版本号返回 None."""
+        f = tmp_path / "__init__.py"
+        f.write_text("# no version here", encoding="utf-8")
+        self._mock_subprocess(monkeypatch)
+
+        assert bumpversion.bump_project_version("patch") is None
+        assert "未能从任何文件读取版本号" in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+    def test_no_tag_skips_tag_creation(self, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """no_tag=True 跳过 tag 创建."""
+        pyproj = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        pyproj.write_text('version = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
+
+        calls = self._mock_subprocess(monkeypatch)
+
+        assert bumpversion.bump_project_version("patch", no_tag=True) == "1.0.1"
+        assert not any(c[:2] == ["git", "tag"] for c in calls)
+
+    def test_ignored_dirs_excluded(self, tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """.venv 等忽略目录中的版本号文件不被处理."""
+        venv_init = tmp_path / ".venv" / "lib" / "pkg" / "__init__.py"
+        venv_init.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
+        venv_init.write_text('__version__ = "0.1.0"', encoding="utf-8")
+        pyproj = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        pyproj.write_text('version = "1.0.0"', encoding="utf-8")
+
+        self._mock_subprocess(monkeypatch)
+
+        assert bumpversion.bump_project_version("patch") == "1.0.1"
+        assert venv_init.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == '__version__ = "0.1.0"'
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for cli.clearscreen module."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import clearscreen
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_creates_graph_and_runs(self) -> None:
-        """main() should create a Graph and run it."""
-        with patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            clearscreen.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
@@ -125,19 +125,21 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:

        # Insert test emails
        for i in range(5):
-            db.insert_email({
-                "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
-                "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
-                "subject": f"Subject {i}",
-                "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
-                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-                "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-                "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
-                "body_text": f"Body {i}",
-                "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
-                "has_attachments": 0,
-                "file_size": 1024,
-            })
+            db.insert_email(
+                {
+                    "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
+                    "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
+                    "subject": f"Subject {i}",
+                    "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
+                    "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                    "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                    "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
+                    "body_text": f"Body {i}",
+                    "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
+                    "has_attachments": 0,
+                    "file_size": 1024,
+                }
+            )

        results = db.search_emails(limit=3)
        assert len(results) == 3
@@ -148,33 +150,37 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:
        db_path = tmp_path / "test.db"
        db = emlmanager.EmailDatabase(db_path)

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash1",
-            "subject": "Important Meeting",
-            "sender": "sender1@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Meeting body",
-            "body_html": "<p>Meeting body</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash1",
+                "subject": "Important Meeting",
+                "sender": "sender1@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Meeting body",
+                "body_html": "<p>Meeting body</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path2.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash2",
-            "subject": "Casual Chat",
-            "sender": "sender2@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Tue, 2 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-02T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Chat body",
-            "body_html": "<p>Chat body</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path2.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash2",
+                "subject": "Casual Chat",
+                "sender": "sender2@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Tue, 2 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-02T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Chat body",
+                "body_html": "<p>Chat body</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

        results = db.search_emails(keyword="Meeting", field="subject")
        assert len(results) == 1
@@ -186,33 +192,37 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:
        db_path = tmp_path / "test.db"
        db = emlmanager.EmailDatabase(db_path)

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash1",
-            "subject": "Test",
-            "sender": "alice@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Body",
-            "body_html": "<p>Body</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash1",
+                "subject": "Test",
+                "sender": "alice@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Body",
+                "body_html": "<p>Body</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path2.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash2",
-            "subject": "Test",
-            "sender": "bob@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Tue, 2 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-02T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Body",
-            "body_html": "<p>Body</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path2.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash2",
+                "subject": "Test",
+                "sender": "bob@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Tue, 2 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-02T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Body",
+                "body_html": "<p>Body</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

        results = db.search_emails(keyword="alice", field="sender")
        assert len(results) == 1
@@ -224,19 +234,21 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:
        db_path = tmp_path / "test.db"
        db = emlmanager.EmailDatabase(db_path)

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash1",
-            "subject": "Project Update",
-            "sender": "manager@example.com",
-            "recipients": "team@example.com",
-            "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Please review the quarterly report",
-            "body_html": "<p>Please review the quarterly report</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash1",
+                "subject": "Project Update",
+                "sender": "manager@example.com",
+                "recipients": "team@example.com",
+                "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Please review the quarterly report",
+                "body_html": "<p>Please review the quarterly report</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

        # Search for keyword in subject
        results = db.search_emails(keyword="Project", field="all")
@@ -253,47 +265,53 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:
        db = emlmanager.EmailDatabase(db_path)

        # Insert emails with same subject (different prefixes)
-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash1",
-            "subject": "Meeting Tomorrow",
-            "sender": "sender1@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Body 1",
-            "body_html": "<p>Body 1</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path1.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash1",
+                "subject": "Meeting Tomorrow",
+                "sender": "sender1@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Body 1",
+                "body_html": "<p>Body 1</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path2.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash2",
-            "subject": "Re: Meeting Tomorrow",
-            "sender": "sender2@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Tue, 2 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-02T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Body 2",
-            "body_html": "<p>Body 2</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path2.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash2",
+                "subject": "Re: Meeting Tomorrow",
+                "sender": "sender2@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Tue, 2 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-02T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Body 2",
+                "body_html": "<p>Body 2</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path3.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash3",
-            "subject": "Different Topic",
-            "sender": "sender3@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Wed, 3 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-03T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Body 3",
-            "body_html": "<p>Body 3</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path3.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash3",
+                "subject": "Different Topic",
+                "sender": "sender3@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Wed, 3 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-03T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Body 3",
+                "body_html": "<p>Body 3</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

        grouped = db.get_grouped_emails()
        # Should have 2 groups: "Meeting Tomorrow" and "Different Topic"
@@ -322,19 +340,21 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:
        assert db.get_email_count() == 0

        for i in range(3):
-            db.insert_email({
-                "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
-                "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
-                "subject": f"Subject {i}",
-                "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
-                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-                "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-                "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
-                "body_text": f"Body {i}",
-                "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
-                "has_attachments": 0,
-                "file_size": 1024,
-            })
+            db.insert_email(
+                {
+                    "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
+                    "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
+                    "subject": f"Subject {i}",
+                    "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
+                    "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                    "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                    "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
+                    "body_text": f"Body {i}",
+                    "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
+                    "has_attachments": 0,
+                    "file_size": 1024,
+                }
+            )

        assert db.get_email_count() == 3
        db.close()
@@ -346,19 +366,21 @@ class TestEmailDatabase:

        # Insert some emails
        for i in range(3):
-            db.insert_email({
-                "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
-                "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
-                "subject": f"Subject {i}",
-                "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
-                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-                "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-                "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
-                "body_text": f"Body {i}",
-                "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
-                "has_attachments": 0,
-                "file_size": 1024,
-            })
+            db.insert_email(
+                {
+                    "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
+                    "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
+                    "subject": f"Subject {i}",
+                    "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
+                    "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                    "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                    "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
+                    "body_text": f"Body {i}",
+                    "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
+                    "has_attachments": 0,
+                    "file_size": 1024,
+                }
+            )

        assert db.get_email_count() == 3

@@ -687,19 +709,21 @@ class TestEmlManagerHandler:

        # Insert some emails
        for i in range(3):
-            db.insert_email({
-                "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
-                "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
-                "subject": f"Subject {i}",
-                "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
-                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-                "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-                "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
-                "body_text": f"Body {i}",
-                "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
-                "has_attachments": 0,
-                "file_size": 1024,
-            })
+            db.insert_email(
+                {
+                    "file_path": f"/test/path{i}.eml",
+                    "file_hash": f"hash{i}",
+                    "subject": f"Subject {i}",
+                    "sender": f"sender{i}@example.com",
+                    "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                    "date": f"Mon, {i + 1} Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                    "date_parsed": f"2024-01-0{i + 1}T12:00:00",
+                    "body_text": f"Body {i}",
+                    "body_html": f"<p>Body {i}</p>",
+                    "has_attachments": 0,
+                    "file_size": 1024,
+                }
+            )

        # Create a mock handler instance without calling __init__
        handler = Mock(spec=emlmanager.EmlManagerHandler)
@@ -721,19 +745,21 @@ class TestEmlManagerHandler:
        db = emlmanager.EmailDatabase(db_path)

        # Insert test email
-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash",
-            "subject": "Test Subject",
-            "sender": "sender@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Test body",
-            "body_html": "<p>Test body</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash",
+                "subject": "Test Subject",
+                "sender": "sender@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Test body",
+                "body_html": "<p>Test body</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

        # Create a mock handler instance without calling __init__
        handler = Mock(spec=emlmanager.EmlManagerHandler)
@@ -756,19 +782,21 @@ class TestEmlManagerHandler:
        db = emlmanager.EmailDatabase(db_path)

        # Insert test email
-        db.insert_email({
-            "file_path": "/test/path.eml",
-            "file_hash": "hash",
-            "subject": "Test Subject",
-            "sender": "sender@example.com",
-            "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
-            "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
-            "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
-            "body_text": "Test body",
-            "body_html": "<p>Test body</p>",
-            "has_attachments": 0,
-            "file_size": 1024,
-        })
+        db.insert_email(
+            {
+                "file_path": "/test/path.eml",
+                "file_hash": "hash",
+                "subject": "Test Subject",
+                "sender": "sender@example.com",
+                "recipients": "recipient@example.com",
+                "date": "Mon, 1 Jan 2024 12:00:00 +0000",
+                "date_parsed": "2024-01-01T12:00:00",
+                "body_text": "Test body",
+                "body_html": "<p>Test body</p>",
+                "has_attachments": 0,
+                "file_size": 1024,
+            }
+        )

        assert db.get_email_count() == 1

@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+"""Tests for ops.envdev / ops.dockercmd 模块 (镜像源配置/Docker 登录)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+from pyflowx.ops.dockercmd import docker_login_tencent
+from pyflowx.ops.envdev import (
+    download_rustup_script,
+    install_linux_docker,
+    install_linux_fonts,
+    install_linux_qt_libs,
+    install_rust_toolchain,
+    setup_conda_mirror,
+    setup_linux_system_mirror,
+    setup_python_mirror,
+    setup_rust_mirror,
+)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# setup_python_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetupPythonMirror:
+    """``setup_python_mirror`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_unknown_mirror_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """未知镜像源应打印提示并跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda *_, **__: MagicMock())
+        setup_python_mirror("unknown_mirror")
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "未知 Python 镜像源" in captured.out
+
+    def test_known_mirror_writes_config(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """已知镜像源应写入配置文件."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        setup_python_mirror("tsinghua")
+        # Linux 平台默认配置路径
+        config_path = tmp_path / ".pip" / "pip.conf"
+        if not config_path.exists():
+            config_path = tmp_path / "pip" / "pip.ini"
+        assert config_path.exists()
+        content = config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert "pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn" in content
+
+    def test_linux_uses_pip_conf(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Linux 平台应写入 ~/.pip/pip.conf."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        setup_python_mirror("tsinghua")
+        config_path = tmp_path / ".pip" / "pip.conf"
+        assert config_path.exists()
+
+    def test_non_linux_uses_pip_ini(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """非 Linux 平台应写入 ~/pip/pip.ini."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", False)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        setup_python_mirror("tsinghua")
+        config_path = tmp_path / "pip" / "pip.ini"
+        assert config_path.exists()
+
+    def test_sets_env_vars(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """应设置 PIP_INDEX_URL 等环境变量."""
+        import os
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(os, "environ", {})
+
+        setup_python_mirror("aliyun")
+
+        assert "PIP_INDEX_URL" in os.environ
+        assert "mirrors.aliyun.com" in os.environ["PIP_INDEX_URL"]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# setup_conda_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetupCondaMirror:
+    """``setup_conda_mirror`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_unknown_mirror_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """未知镜像源应跳过."""
+        setup_conda_mirror("unknown")
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "未知 Conda 镜像源" in captured.out
+
+    def test_known_mirror_writes_condarc(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """已知镜像源应写入 ~/.condarc."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        setup_conda_mirror("tsinghua")
+        condarc = tmp_path / ".condarc"
+        assert condarc.exists()
+        content = condarc.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert "tsinghua" in content
+        assert "channels:" in content
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# setup_rust_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetupRustMirror:
+    """``setup_rust_mirror`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_unknown_mirror_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """未知镜像源应跳过."""
+        setup_rust_mirror("unknown")
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "未知 Rust 镜像源" in captured.out
+
+    def test_known_mirror_writes_config(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """已知镜像源应写入 ~/.cargo/config.toml."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        setup_rust_mirror("ustc", "nightly")
+        config = tmp_path / ".cargo" / "config.toml"
+        assert config.exists()
+        content = config.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        assert "ustc" in content
+
+    def test_creates_sccache_dir(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """应创建 sccache 缓存目录."""
+        from pyflowx.ops import envdev as envdev_module
+
+        fake_sccache = tmp_path / ".cargo" / "sccache"
+        monkeypatch.setattr(envdev_module, "_RUST_SCCACHE_DIR", fake_sccache)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "home", lambda: tmp_path)
+        setup_rust_mirror("tsinghua")
+        assert fake_sccache.exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# docker_login_tencent
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestDockerLoginTencent:
+    """``docker_login_tencent`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_default_username_uses_getpass(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """未提供 username 时应使用 getpass.getuser."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("getpass.getuser", lambda: "testuser")
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        docker_login_tencent()
+
+        assert ran_cmds[0][0] == "docker"
+        assert ran_cmds[0][1] == "login"
+        assert "testuser" in ran_cmds[0]
+        assert "ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com" in ran_cmds[0]
+
+    def test_custom_username(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """提供 username 时应使用自定义用户名."""
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        docker_login_tencent("myuser")
+
+        assert "myuser" in ran_cmds[0]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# setup_linux_system_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetupLinuxSystemMirror:
+    """``setup_linux_system_mirror`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_non_linux_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """非 Linux 平台应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", False)
+        called: list[str] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+
+        setup_linux_system_mirror()
+
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "仅在 Linux 上执行" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_linux_already_configured_skips(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Linux 上已配置国内镜像时应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+
+        def fake_read_text(self: Path, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+            return "tsinghua mirror configured"
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "read_text", fake_read_text)
+        called: list[str] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+
+        setup_linux_system_mirror()
+
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "已配置" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_linux_not_configured_runs_script(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Linux 上未配置镜像时应执行下载与安装脚本."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+
+        def fake_read_text(self: Path, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+            raise OSError("file not found")
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "read_text", fake_read_text)
+        ran_cmds: list[str] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        setup_linux_system_mirror()
+
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "下载" in captured.out
+        assert "安装" in captured.out
+        assert len(ran_cmds) == 2
+
+    def test_linux_content_without_mirror_runs_script(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Linux 上文件存在但不包含镜像关键词时应执行脚本."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+
+        def fake_read_text(self: Path, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> str:
+            return "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy main"
+
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "read_text", fake_read_text)
+        ran_cmds: list[str] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        setup_linux_system_mirror()
+
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "下载" in captured.out
+        assert len(ran_cmds) == 2
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# install_linux_qt_libs / install_linux_fonts / install_linux_docker
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestLinuxInstallers:
+    """Linux 专用安装函数测试."""
+
+    def test_qt_libs_non_linux_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """非 Linux 上 install_linux_qt_libs 应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", False)
+        called: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+        install_linux_qt_libs()
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "仅在 Linux" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_qt_libs_linux_runs_apt(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """Linux 上应执行 apt install."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+        install_linux_qt_libs()
+        assert ran_cmds[0][0] == "sudo"
+        assert "apt" in ran_cmds[0]
+        assert "install" in ran_cmds[0]
+
+    def test_fonts_non_linux_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """非 Linux 上 install_linux_fonts 应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", False)
+        called: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+        install_linux_fonts()
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "仅在 Linux" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_fonts_linux_runs_apt(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """Linux 上应执行 apt install 字体包."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+        install_linux_fonts()
+        assert "fonts-noto-cjk" in ran_cmds[0]
+
+    def test_docker_non_linux_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """非 Linux 上 install_linux_docker 应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", False)
+        called: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+        install_linux_docker()
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "仅在 Linux" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_docker_linux_runs_install_and_usermod(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """Linux 上应执行 apt install docker-compose-v2 和 usermod."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_LINUX", True)
+        monkeypatch.setattr("getpass.getuser", lambda: "testuser")
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        install_linux_docker()
+
+        assert any("docker-compose-v2" in cmd for cmd in ran_cmds)
+        assert any("usermod" in cmd and "docker" in cmd for cmd in ran_cmds)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# download_rustup_script
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestDownloadRustupScript:
+    """``download_rustup_script`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_rustup_installed_skips(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """rustup 已安装时应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("shutil.which", lambda _cmd: "/usr/bin/rustup")
+        called: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+
+        download_rustup_script()
+
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "已安装" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_windows_downloads_exe(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """Windows 上应下载 rustup-init.exe."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("shutil.which", lambda _cmd: None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", True)
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        download_rustup_script()
+
+        assert "powershell" in ran_cmds[0]
+        assert "rustup-init.exe" in ran_cmds[0]
+
+    def test_non_windows_downloads_sh(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """非 Windows 上应下载 rustup-init.sh."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("shutil.which", lambda _cmd: None)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", False)
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        download_rustup_script()
+
+        assert "curl" in ran_cmds[0]
+        assert "rustup-init.sh" in ran_cmds[0]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# install_rust_toolchain
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestInstallRustToolchain:
+    """``install_rust_toolchain`` 函数测试."""
+
+    def test_rustup_not_installed_skips(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    ) -> None:
+        """rustup 未安装时应跳过."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("shutil.which", lambda _cmd: None)
+        called: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: called.append(cmd))
+
+        install_rust_toolchain()
+
+        captured = capsys.readouterr()
+        assert "未安装" in captured.out
+        assert called == []
+
+    def test_rustup_installed_runs_toolchain_install(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """rustup 已安装时应执行 toolchain install."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("shutil.which", lambda _cmd: "/usr/bin/rustup")
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        install_rust_toolchain("nightly")
+
+        assert ran_cmds == [["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "nightly"]]
+
+    def test_default_version_stable(self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+        """默认版本应为 stable."""
+        monkeypatch.setattr("shutil.which", lambda _cmd: "/usr/bin/rustup")
+        ran_cmds: list[list[str]] = []
+        monkeypatch.setattr(subprocess, "run", lambda cmd, **_: ran_cmds.append(cmd) or MagicMock())
+
+        install_rust_toolchain()
+
+        assert "stable" in ran_cmds[0]
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Tests for ops.envdev / sglang / msdownload 模块 (@px.tool 注册验证)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.ops import envdev, msdownload, sglang  # noqa: F401 -- 触发 @px.tool 注册
+from pyflowx.tools import _TOOL_REGISTRY, get_tool
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# envdev 注册验证
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestEnvdevRegistration:
+    """``envdev`` 模块 ``@px.tool`` 注册验证."""
+
+    def test_envdev_registered(self) -> None:
+        """envdev 应在 _TOOL_REGISTRY 中注册."""
+        assert "envdev" in _TOOL_REGISTRY
+
+    def test_visible_subcommands(self) -> None:
+        """可见子命令应包含核心镜像源配置命令."""
+        subs = px.list_subcommands("envdev")
+        assert "setup-python" in subs
+        assert "setup-conda" in subs
+        assert "setup-rust" in subs
+        assert "setup-linux-mirror" in subs
+
+    def test_install_subcommands_visible(self) -> None:
+        """安装类子命令应可见."""
+        subs = px.list_subcommands("envdev")
+        assert "download-rustup" in subs
+        assert "install-rust" in subs
+        assert "install-qt-libs" in subs
+        assert "install-fonts" in subs
+        assert "install-docker" in subs
+
+    def test_setup_python_is_fn(self) -> None:
+        """setup-python 应为 fn 任务 (非 cmd)."""
+        spec = get_tool("envdev", "setup-python")
+        assert spec.func is not None
+        assert spec.cmd is None
+
+    def test_setup_conda_is_fn(self) -> None:
+        """setup-conda 应为 fn 任务."""
+        spec = get_tool("envdev", "setup-conda")
+        assert spec.func is not None
+
+    def test_setup_rust_is_fn(self) -> None:
+        """setup-rust 应为 fn 任务."""
+        spec = get_tool("envdev", "setup-rust")
+        assert spec.func is not None
+
+    def test_setup_linux_mirror_is_fn(self) -> None:
+        """setup-linux-mirror 应为 fn 任务."""
+        spec = get_tool("envdev", "setup-linux-mirror")
+        assert spec.func is not None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# sglang 注册验证
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSglangRegistration:
+    """``sglang`` 模块 ``@px.tool`` 注册验证."""
+
+    def test_sglang_registered(self) -> None:
+        """sglang 应在 _TOOL_REGISTRY 中注册."""
+        assert "sglang" in _TOOL_REGISTRY
+
+    def test_visible_subcommands(self) -> None:
+        """可见子命令: install, run."""
+        subs = px.list_subcommands("sglang")
+        assert "install" in subs
+        assert "run" in subs
+
+    def test_run_needs_install(self) -> None:
+        """run 应依赖 install."""
+        spec = get_tool("sglang", "run")
+        assert "install" in spec.needs
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# msdownload 注册验证
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMsdownloadRegistration:
+    """``msdownload`` 模块 ``@px.tool`` 注册验证."""
+
+    def test_msdownload_registered(self) -> None:
+        """msdownload 应在 _TOOL_REGISTRY 中注册."""
+        assert "msdownload" in _TOOL_REGISTRY
+
+    def test_msdownload_default_spec(self) -> None:
+        """msdownload 默认 spec 应可获取且为 fn 任务."""
+        spec = get_tool("msdownload")
+        assert spec.func is not None
+        assert spec.cmd is None
+
+    def test_msdownload_run_callable(self) -> None:
+        """msdownload_run 应为可调用函数."""
+        assert callable(msdownload.msdownload_run)
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for cli.envpy module."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-import pytest
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import envpy
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# set_pip_mirror
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestSetPipMirror:
-    """Test set_pip_mirror function."""
-
-    def test_set_pip_mirror_tsinghua(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should set tsinghua mirror."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envpy.set_pip_mirror("tsinghua")
-            # Check pip config
-            pip_config = tmp_path / "pip" / "pip.ini"
-            if envpy.Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
-                assert pip_config.exists() or (tmp_path / "pip" / "pip.conf").exists()
-
-    def test_set_pip_mirror_aliyun(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should set aliyun mirror."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envpy.set_pip_mirror("aliyun")
-            # Check pip config
-            pip_dir = tmp_path / "pip"
-            assert pip_dir.exists()
-
-    def test_set_pip_mirror_with_token(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should set mirror with token."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envpy.set_pip_mirror("tsinghua", token="test_token")
-            # Check that token is set
-
-    def test_set_pip_mirror_creates_pip_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should create pip directory if it doesn't exist."""
-        pip_dir = tmp_path / "pip"
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envpy.set_pip_mirror("tsinghua")
-            assert pip_dir.exists()
-            assert pip_dir.is_dir()
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_mirror_tsinghua(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle mirror tsinghua command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envpy, "set_pip_mirror"
-        ):
-            envpy.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_mirror_aliyun(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle mirror aliyun command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "aliyun"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envpy, "set_pip_mirror"
-        ):
-            envpy.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_mirror_with_token(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle mirror with token."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua", "--token", "test_token"]), patch.object(
-            px, "run"
-        ) as mock_run, patch.object(envpy, "set_pip_mirror"):
-            envpy.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
-        """main() with no args should show help and return."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy"]):
-            envpy.main()
-            # Should print help and return
-
-    def test_main_invalid_mirror_shows_error(self) -> None:
-        """main() with invalid mirror should show error."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "invalid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
-            envpy.main()
-        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
-
-    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
-        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envpy, "set_pip_mirror"
-        ):
-            envpy.main()
-            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
-            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
-            assert "set_pip_mirror" in task_names
-
-    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
-        """main() should use thread strategy."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envpy, "set_pip_mirror"
-        ):
-            envpy.main()
-            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for cli.envrs module."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import os
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
-
-import pytest
-
-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import envrs
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# set_rust_mirror
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestSetRustMirror:
-    """Test set_rust_mirror function."""
-
-    def test_set_rust_mirror_aliyun(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should set aliyun mirror."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envrs.set_rust_mirror("aliyun")
-            # Check environment variables
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup"
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT") == "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup"
-            # Check cargo config
-            cargo_config = tmp_path / ".cargo" / "config.toml"
-            assert cargo_config.exists()
-            content = cargo_config.read_text()
-            assert "aliyun" in content
-
-    def test_set_rust_mirror_ustc(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should set ustc mirror."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envrs.set_rust_mirror("ustc")
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static"
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT") == "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup"
-
-    def test_set_rust_mirror_tsinghua(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should set tsinghua mirror."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envrs.set_rust_mirror("tsinghua")
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup"
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT") == "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup"
-
-    def test_set_rust_mirror_unknown_uses_default(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should use default mirror for unknown mirror name."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            # pyrefly: ignore [bad-argument-type]
-            envrs.set_rust_mirror("unknown")
-            # Should use default mirror (tsinghua)
-            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup"
-
-    def test_set_rust_mirror_creates_cargo_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """Should create .cargo directory if it doesn't exist."""
-        cargo_dir = tmp_path / ".cargo"
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envrs.set_rust_mirror("aliyun")
-            assert cargo_dir.exists()
-            assert cargo_dir.is_dir()
-
-    def test_set_rust_mirror_prints_message(self, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should print mirror name."""
-        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
-            envrs.set_rust_mirror("aliyun")
-            captured = capsys.readouterr()
-            assert "已设置 Rust 镜像源: aliyun" in captured.out
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# install_rust
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestInstallRust:
-    """Test install_rust function."""
-
-    def test_install_rust_stable(self) -> None:
-        """Should install stable Rust."""
-        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
-            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            envrs.install_rust("stable")
-            mock_run.assert_called_once_with(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "stable"], check=True)
-
-    def test_install_rust_nightly(self) -> None:
-        """Should install nightly Rust."""
-        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
-            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            envrs.install_rust("nightly")
-            mock_run.assert_called_once_with(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "nightly"], check=True)
-
-    def test_install_rust_beta(self) -> None:
-        """Should install beta Rust."""
-        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
-            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            envrs.install_rust("beta")
-            mock_run.assert_called_once_with(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "beta"], check=True)
-
-    def test_install_rust_file_not_found(self) -> None:
-        """Should raise FileNotFoundError when rustup not found."""
-        with patch("subprocess.run", side_effect=FileNotFoundError), pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
-            envrs.install_rust("stable")
-
-    def test_install_rust_prints_message(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-        """Should print installation message."""
-        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
-            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
-            envrs.install_rust("stable")
-            captured = capsys.readouterr()
-            assert "已安装 Rust stable" in captured.out
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_mirror_aliyun(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle mirror aliyun command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "aliyun"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envrs, "set_rust_mirror"
-        ):
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_mirror_ustc(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle mirror ustc command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "ustc"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envrs, "set_rust_mirror"
-        ):
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_mirror_tsinghua(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle mirror tsinghua command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envrs, "set_rust_mirror"
-        ):
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_mirror_default(self) -> None:
-        """main() should use default mirror when not specified."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envrs, "set_rust_mirror"
-        ):
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_install_stable(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle install stable command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "stable"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_install_nightly(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle install nightly command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "nightly"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_install_beta(self) -> None:
-        """main() should handle install beta command."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "beta"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_install_default(self) -> None:
-        """main() should use default version when not specified."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
-        """main() with no args should show help and return."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs"]):
-            envrs.main()
-            # Should print help and return
-
-    def test_main_invalid_version_shows_error(self) -> None:
-        """main() with invalid version should show error."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "invalid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
-            envrs.main()
-        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
-
-    def test_main_invalid_mirror_shows_error(self) -> None:
-        """main() with invalid mirror should show error."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "invalid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
-            envrs.main()
-        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
-
-    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_verbose(self) -> None:
-        """main() should create TaskSpec with verbose=True."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "aliyun"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envrs, "set_rust_mirror"
-        ):
-            envrs.main()
-            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
-            specs = graph.all_specs()
-            for spec in specs.values():
-                assert spec.verbose is True
-
-    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
-        """main() should use thread strategy."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "aliyun"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
-            envrs, "set_rust_mirror"
-        ):
-            envrs.main()
-            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch

-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import filedate
+from pyflowx.ops import filedate as files


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ class TestGetFileTimestamp:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        timestamp = filedate.get_file_timestamp(test_file)
+        timestamp = files.get_file_timestamp(test_file)
        assert len(timestamp) == 8  # YYYYMMDD format
        assert timestamp.isdigit()

@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ class TestRemoveDatePrefix:
        test_file = tmp_path / "20240101_test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        new_path = filedate.remove_date_prefix(test_file)
+        new_path = files.remove_date_prefix(test_file)
        assert new_path.name == "test.txt"

    def test_remove_date_prefix_without_date(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ class TestRemoveDatePrefix:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        new_path = filedate.remove_date_prefix(test_file)
+        new_path = files.remove_date_prefix(test_file)
        assert new_path == test_file


@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ class TestAddDatePrefix:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        new_path = filedate.add_date_prefix(test_file)
+        new_path = files.add_date_prefix(test_file)
        assert new_path.name.startswith("20")  # Starts with year
        assert "_test.txt" in new_path.name

@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ class TestProcessFileDate:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        filedate.process_file_date(test_file, clear=False)
+        files.process_file_date(test_file, clear=False)
        # File should be renamed with date prefix

    def test_process_file_date_clear(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ class TestProcessFileDate:
        test_file = tmp_path / "20240101_test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        filedate.process_file_date(test_file, clear=True)
+        files.process_file_date(test_file, clear=True)
        # File should be renamed without date prefix


@@ -95,42 +93,11 @@ class TestProcessFilesDate:

    def test_process_files_date_batch(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Should process multiple files."""
-        files = []
+        file_list = []
        for i in range(3):
            test_file = tmp_path / f"test{i}.txt"
            test_file.write_text(f"content{i}")
-            files.append(test_file)
+            file_list.append(test_file)

-        filedate.process_files_date(files, clear=False)
+        files.process_files_date(file_list, clear=False)
        # All files should be processed
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_add_command(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """main() should handle add command."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("test content")
-
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "add", str(test_file)]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            filedate.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_clear_command(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """main() should handle clear command."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "20240101_test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("test content")
-
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "clear", str(test_file)]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
-            filedate.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
-        """main() with no args should show help."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate"]):
-            filedate.main()
-            # Should print help and return
@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch

-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import filelevel
+from pyflowx.ops import filelevel as files


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -18,19 +16,19 @@ class TestRemoveMarks:
    def test_remove_marks_single_mark(self) -> None:
        """Should remove single mark."""
        stem = "filename(PUB)"
-        result = filelevel.remove_marks(stem, ["PUB"])
+        result = files.remove_marks(stem, ["PUB"])
        assert result == "filename"

    def test_remove_marks_multiple_marks(self) -> None:
        """Should remove multiple marks."""
        stem = "filename(PUB)(NOR)"
-        result = filelevel.remove_marks(stem, ["PUB", "NOR"])
+        result = files.remove_marks(stem, ["PUB", "NOR"])
        assert result == "filename"

    def test_remove_marks_no_marks(self) -> None:
        """Should not change stem without marks."""
        stem = "filename"
-        result = filelevel.remove_marks(stem, ["PUB"])
+        result = files.remove_marks(stem, ["PUB"])
        assert result == "filename"


@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ class TestProcessFileLevel:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        filelevel.process_file_level(test_file, level=1)
+        files.process_file_level(test_file, level=1)
        # File should be renamed with PUB level

    def test_process_file_level_set_int(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class TestProcessFileLevel:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        filelevel.process_file_level(test_file, level=2)
+        files.process_file_level(test_file, level=2)
        # File should be renamed with INT level

    def test_process_file_level_clear(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ class TestProcessFileLevel:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test(PUB).txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        filelevel.process_file_level(test_file, level=0)
+        files.process_file_level(test_file, level=0)
        # File should be renamed without level

    def test_process_file_level_invalid_level(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -69,14 +67,14 @@ class TestProcessFileLevel:
        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
        test_file.write_text("test content")

-        filelevel.process_file_level(test_file, level=5)
+        files.process_file_level(test_file, level=5)
        # Should print error message

    def test_process_file_level_nonexistent_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Should handle nonexistent file."""
        test_file = tmp_path / "nonexistent.txt"

-        filelevel.process_file_level(test_file, level=1)
+        files.process_file_level(test_file, level=1)
        # Should print error message


@@ -88,46 +86,11 @@ class TestProcessFilesLevel:

    def test_process_files_level_batch(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
        """Should process multiple files."""
-        files = []
+        file_list = []
        for i in range(3):
            test_file = tmp_path / f"test{i}.txt"
            test_file.write_text(f"content{i}")
-            files.append(test_file)
+            file_list.append(test_file)

-        filelevel.process_files_level(files, level=1)
+        files.process_files_level(file_list, level=1)
        # All files should be processed
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_set_command(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """main() should handle set command."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("test content")
-
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", str(test_file), "--level", "1"]), patch.object(
-            px, "run"
-        ) as mock_run:
-            filelevel.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_set_command_level_2(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
-        """main() should handle set command with level 2."""
-        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
-        test_file.write_text("test content")
-
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", str(test_file), "--level", "2"]), patch.object(
-            px, "run"
-        ) as mock_run:
-            filelevel.main()
-            assert mock_run.called
-
-    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
-        """main() with no args should show help."""
-        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel"]):
-            filelevel.main()
-            # Should print help and return
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import patch

-import pyflowx as px
-from pyflowx.cli import folderback
+from pyflowx.ops import folderback as files


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ class TestRemoveDump:
        dst = tmp_path / "backup"
        dst.mkdir()

-        folderback.remove_dump(src, dst, 5)
+        files.remove_dump(src, dst, 5)
        # Should not raise error

    def test_remove_dump_within_limit(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ class TestRemoveDump:
            zip_file = dst / f"source_20240101_12000{i}.zip"
            zip_file.write_bytes(b"ZIP content")

-        folderback.remove_dump(src, dst, 5)
+        files.remove_dump(src, dst, 5)
        # All files should remain
        assert len(list(dst.glob("*.zip"))) == 3

@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class TestRemoveDump:
            zip_file = dst / f"source_20240101_12000{i}.zip"
            zip_file.write_bytes(b"ZIP content")

-        folderback.remove_dump(src, dst, 5)
+        files.remove_dump(src, dst, 5)
        # Should have only 5 files
        assert len(list(dst.glob("*.zip"))) == 5

@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ class TestZipTarget:
        dst.mkdir()

        with patch("time.strftime", return_value="_20240101_120000"):
-            folderback.zip_target(src, dst, 5)
+            files.zip_target(src, dst, 5)

        # Should create zip file
        zip_files = list(dst.glob("*.zip"))
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ class TestZipTarget:
        dst.mkdir()

        with patch("time.strftime", return_value="_20240101_120000"):
-            folderback.zip_target(src, dst, 5)
+            files.zip_target(src, dst, 5)

        # Should create zip file
        zip_files = list(dst.glob("*.zip"))
@@ -111,8 +110,8 @@ class TestBackupFolder:
        (source_dir / "test.txt").write_text("test content")
        backup_dir = tmp_path / "backup"

-        with patch.object(folderback, "zip_target") as mock_zip:
-            folderback.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
+        with patch.object(files, "zip_target") as mock_zip:
+            files.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
            assert mock_zip.called

    def test_backup_folder_with_max_backups(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -122,8 +121,8 @@ class TestBackupFolder:
        (source_dir / "test.txt").write_text("test content")
        backup_dir = tmp_path / "backup"

-        with patch.object(folderback, "zip_target") as mock_zip:
-            folderback.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 10)
+        with patch.object(files, "zip_target") as mock_zip:
+            files.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 10)
            assert mock_zip.called

    def test_backup_folder_source_not_exists(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ class TestBackupFolder:
        backup_dir = tmp_path / "backup"
        backup_dir.mkdir()

-        folderback.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
+        files.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
        # Should print error message and return

    def test_backup_folder_creates_dst(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -142,32 +141,18 @@ class TestBackupFolder:
        (source_dir / "test.txt").write_text("test content")
        backup_dir = tmp_path / "backup"

-        with patch.object(folderback, "zip_target") as mock_zip:
-            folderback.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
+        with patch.object(files, "zip_target") as mock_zip:
+            files.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
            assert backup_dir.exists()
            assert mock_zip.called


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# TaskSpec definitions
+# 函数注册
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestTaskSpecDefinitions:
-    """Test that all TaskSpec definitions are valid."""
+class TestRegisteredFunctions:
+    """Test that folderback functions are registered."""

    def test_folderback_default_spec(self) -> None:
-        """folderback_default spec should be properly defined."""
-        assert folderback.folderback_default.name == "folderback_default"
-        assert folderback.folderback_default.fn is not None
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# main function
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-class TestMain:
-    """Test main function."""
-
-    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
-        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
-        with patch.object(px.CliRunner, "run_cli") as mock_run_cli:
-            folderback.main()
-            assert mock_run_cli.called
+        """folderback_default should be a callable function."""
+        assert callable(files.folderback_default)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More