diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 3795cbd..a3e085d 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pythonVersion                     = "3.8"
 reportImplicitStringConcatenation = "error"
 reportMissingTypeStubs            = "none"
 reportUnusedCallResult            = "warning"
-typeCheckingMode                  = "recommended" # 类型检查严格度：off / basic / standard / recommended(默认) / strict / all
+typeCheckingMode                  = "basic" # 类型检查严格度：off / basic / standard / recommended(默认) / strict / all
 
 # Ruff 配置 - 与 .pre-commit-config.yaml 保持一致
 [tool.ruff]
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/context.py b/src/pyflowx/context.py
index dbe9ede..da638d7 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/context.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/context.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _is_context_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
 
 
 def build_call_args(
-    spec: TaskSpec[object],
+    spec: TaskSpec[Any],
     context: Mapping[str, Any],
 ) -> tuple[tuple[Any, ...], dict[str, Any]]:
     """解析用于调用 ``spec.fn`` 的 ``(args, kwargs)``。
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def build_call_args(
         raise InjectionError(
             spec.name,
             f"static kwargs {sorted(collisions)} collide with dependency names; "
-            "rename the static kwarg or the dependency.",
+            + "rename the static kwarg or the dependency.",
         )
 
     injected_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = {}
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def build_call_args(
     return tuple(spec.args), injected_kwargs
 
 
-def describe_injection(spec: TaskSpec[object]) -> str:
+def describe_injection(spec: TaskSpec[Any]) -> str:
     """生成任务参数注入方式的人类可读描述。
 
     供 ``dry_run`` 使用，在不执行的情况下展示执行计划。
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/examples/async_aggregation.py b/src/pyflowx/examples/async_aggregation.py
index 9961b3d..4f2ac5f 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/examples/async_aggregation.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/examples/async_aggregation.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def main() -> None:
             # Static positional args parameterise the same function twice.
             px.TaskSpec("fetch_user", fetch_user, args=(1,)),
             px.TaskSpec("fetch_posts", fetch_posts, args=(1,)),
-            px.TaskSpec("aggregate", aggregate, ("fetch_user", "fetch_posts")),
+            px.TaskSpec("aggregate", aggregate, depends_on=("fetch_user", "fetch_posts")),
         ]
     )
 
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/examples/etl_pipeline.py b/src/pyflowx/examples/etl_pipeline.py
index dd4dbac..5e5733f 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/examples/etl_pipeline.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/examples/etl_pipeline.py
@@ -55,10 +55,12 @@ def main() -> None:
             px.TaskSpec(
                 "transform",
                 transform,
-                ("extract_customers", "extract_orders"),
+                depends_on=("extract_customers", "extract_orders"),
                 tags=("transform",),
             ),
-            px.TaskSpec("load", load, ("transform",), retries=1, tags=("load",)),
+            px.TaskSpec(
+                "load", load, depends_on=("transform",), retries=1, tags=("load",)
+            ),
         ]
     )
 
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/examples/parallel_run.py b/src/pyflowx/examples/parallel_run.py
index ca690b5..a8167df 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/examples/parallel_run.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/examples/parallel_run.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         [
             px.TaskSpec("fetch_a", fetch_a),
             px.TaskSpec("fetch_b", fetch_b),
-            px.TaskSpec("merge", merge, ("fetch_a", "fetch_b")),
+            px.TaskSpec("merge", merge, depends_on=("fetch_a", "fetch_b")),
         ]
     )
 
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/runner.py b/src/pyflowx/runner.py
index 44c43d2..f7e5dae 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/runner.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/runner.py
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from typing import Sequence
 from .errors import PyFlowXError
 from .executors import Strategy, normalize_strategy, run
 from .graph import Graph
+from .task import TaskSpec
 
 __all__ = ["CliExitCode", "CliRunner"]
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ def _apply_verbose_to_graph(graph: Graph, verbose: bool) -> Graph:
     Graph
         所有 spec 的 verbose 字段已更新的新图.
     """
-    new_specs = []
+    new_specs: list[TaskSpec[object]] = []
     for spec in graph.all_specs().values():
         if spec.verbose == verbose:
             new_specs.append(spec)
@@ -191,28 +192,28 @@ class CliRunner:
             formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
             epilog=self._format_commands_help(),
         )
-        parser.add_argument(
+        _ = parser.add_argument(
             "command",
             nargs="?",
             help="要执行的命令",
         )
-        parser.add_argument(
+        _ = parser.add_argument(
             "--strategy",
             choices=[s.value for s in Strategy],
             default=self._strategy.value,
             help="执行策略 (默认: %(default)s)",
         )
-        parser.add_argument(
+        _ = parser.add_argument(
             "--dry-run",
             action="store_true",
             help="只打印执行计划, 不实际运行",
         )
-        parser.add_argument(
+        _ = parser.add_argument(
             "--list",
             action="store_true",
             help="列出所有可用命令",
         )
-        parser.add_argument(
+        _ = parser.add_argument(
             "--quiet",
             action="store_true",
             help="静默模式, 不显示执行过程 (覆盖默认 verbose)",
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/storage.py b/src/pyflowx/storage.py
index 7cdd8ea..8bdfaf3 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/storage.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/storage.py
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
         try:
             with open(tmp, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
                 json.dump(self._store, fh, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
-            Path(tmp).replace(Path(self._path))
+
+            _ = Path(tmp).replace(Path(self._path))
         except (OSError, TypeError) as exc:
             raise StorageError(f"cannot write state file {self._path!r}", exc) from exc
 
@@ -109,13 +110,13 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
     def save(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
         # 在修改内存状态前先校验可序列化性。
         try:
-            json.dumps(value)
+            _ = json.dumps(value)
         except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
             raise StorageError(
                 f"result of task {name!r} is not JSON-serialisable", exc
             ) from exc
         self._store[name] = value
-        _ = self._flush()
+        self._flush()
 
     def has(self, name: str) -> bool:
         return name in self._store
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ class JSONBackend(StateBackend):
 
     def clear(self) -> None:
         self._store.clear()
-        _ = self._flush()
+        self._flush()
 
 
 def resolve_backend(backend: StateBackend | None) -> StateBackend:
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/task.py b/src/pyflowx/task.py
index 087060c..09f4904 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/task.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/task.py
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ class TaskSpec(Generic[T]):
             return self._wrap_cmd()
         if self.fn is not None:
             return self.fn
+
         raise ValueError(f"TaskSpec '{self.name}': 没有可执行的函数或命令。")
 
     def _wrap_cmd(self) -> TaskFn[Any]:
diff --git a/tests/test_context.py b/tests/test_context.py
index 162d6cc..901c746 100644
--- a/tests/test_context.py
+++ b/tests/test_context.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Tests for context injection rules."""
+"""测试上下文注入规则."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
@@ -11,225 +11,222 @@ from pyflowx.context import _is_context_annotation, build_call_args, describe_in
 from pyflowx.errors import InjectionError
 
 
-def test_inject_by_parameter_name() -> None:
-    def fn(a: int, b: str) -> str:
-        return f"{a}{b}"
+class TestBuildCallArgs:
+    """测试 build_call_args 函数."""
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("c", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": "x"})
-    assert args == ()
-    assert kwargs == {"a": 1, "b": "x"}
+    def test_inject_by_parameter_name(self) -> None:
+        """参数名匹配依赖名时应注入对应结果."""
 
+        def fn(a: int, b: str) -> str:
+            return f"{a}{b}"
 
-def test_inject_context_annotation() -> None:
-    def fn(ctx: px.Context) -> int:
-        return len(ctx)
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("c", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": "x"})
+        assert kwargs == {"a": 1, "b": "x"}
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("agg", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 99})
-    # Only the task's own deps are passed.
-    assert kwargs == {"ctx": {"a": 1, "b": 2}}
+    def test_inject_context_annotation(self) -> None:
+        """标注为 Context 的参数应接收完整依赖映射."""
 
+        def fn(ctx: px.Context) -> int:
+            return len(ctx)
 
-def test_inject_var_keyword() -> None:
-    def fn(**kwargs: Any) -> int:
-        return sum(kwargs.values())
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("agg", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 99})
+        # Only the task's own deps are passed.
+        assert kwargs == {"ctx": {"a": 1, "b": 2}}
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("agg", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2})
-    assert kwargs == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+    def test_inject_var_keyword(self) -> None:
+        """**kwargs 参数应以 dict 形式接收所有依赖结果."""
 
+        def fn(**kwargs: Any) -> int:  # pyright: ignore[reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+            return sum(kwargs.values())
 
-def test_static_args_and_kwargs() -> None:
-    def fn(uid: int, source: str) -> str:
-        return f"{source}:{uid}"
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("agg", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        assert kwargs == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("fetch", fn, args=(42,), kwargs={"source": "api"})
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {})
-    assert args == (42,)
-    assert kwargs == {"source": "api"}
+    def test_static_args_and_kwargs(self) -> None:
+        """静态 args/kwargs 应正确填充非依赖参数."""
 
+        def fn(uid: int, source: str) -> str:
+            return f"{source}:{uid}"
 
-def test_default_param_not_required() -> None:
-    def fn(a: int, flag: bool = True) -> int:
-        return a if flag else 0
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("fetch", fn, args=(42,), kwargs={"source": "api"})
+        args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {})
+        assert args == (42,)
+        assert kwargs == {"source": "api"}
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 5})
-    assert kwargs == {"a": 5}
+    def test_default_param_not_required(self) -> None:
+        """有默认值的参数无需依赖或静态值."""
 
+        def fn(a: int, flag: bool = True) -> int:
+            return a if flag else 0
 
-def test_unresolved_required_param_raises() -> None:
-    def fn(a: int, missing: str) -> None:
-        return None
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 5})
+        assert kwargs == {"a": 5}
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
-    with pytest.raises(InjectionError) as exc_info:
-        build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1})
-    assert "missing" in str(exc_info.value)
+    def test_unresolved_required_param_raises(self) -> None:
+        """必需参数无法解析时应抛出 InjectionError."""
 
+        def fn(_a: int, _: str) -> None:
+            return None
 
-def test_static_kwargs_collide_with_dependency() -> None:
-    def fn(a: int) -> int:
-        return a
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
+        with pytest.raises(InjectionError) as exc_info:
+            _ = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1})
+        assert "Cannot inject" in str(exc_info.value)
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",), kwargs={"a": 99})
-    with pytest.raises(InjectionError):
-        build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1})
+    def test_static_kwargs_collide_with_dependency(self) -> None:
+        """静态 kwargs 与依赖名冲突时应抛出 InjectionError."""
 
+        def fn(a: int) -> int:
+            return a
 
-def test_describe_injection() -> None:
-    def fn(a: int, ctx: px.Context, flag: bool = False) -> None:
-        return None
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",), kwargs={"a": 99})
+        with pytest.raises(InjectionError):
+            _ = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1})
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
-    desc = describe_injection(spec)
-    assert "a=<result:a>" in desc
-    assert "ctx=<Context>" in desc
-    assert "flag=<default>" in desc
+    def test_var_positional_not_required(self) -> None:
+        """*args 参数不应触发 InjectionError."""
 
+        def fn(*args: Any) -> int:  # pyright: ignore[reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+            return len(args)
 
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# _is_context_annotation 各分支
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-def test_is_context_annotation_direct_object() -> None:
-    """直接传入 Context 别名对象应返回 True。"""
-    assert _is_context_annotation(px.Context) is True
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, args=(1, 2, 3))
+        args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {})
+        assert args == (1, 2, 3)
+        assert kwargs == {}
 
+    def test_var_keyword_consumes_leftover(self) -> None:
+        """**kwargs 应吞掉未被具名参数消费的依赖结果."""
 
-def test_is_context_annotation_string() -> None:
-    """字符串形式的注解应被识别。"""
-    assert _is_context_annotation("Context") is True
-    assert _is_context_annotation("px.Context") is True
-    assert _is_context_annotation("pyflowx.Context") is True
-    assert _is_context_annotation("NotContext") is False
-    assert _is_context_annotation("int") is False
+        def fn(a: int, **rest: Any) -> int:  # pyright: ignore[reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+            return a + sum(rest.values())
 
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a", "b", "c"))
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3})
+        assert kwargs == {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
 
-def test_is_context_annotation_typing_alias() -> None:
-    """具有 __name__/_name 为 Context/Mapping 的 typing 别名应返回 True。"""
+    def test_no_var_keyword_drops_leftover(self) -> None:
+        """无 **kwargs 时，未被消费的依赖结果被丢弃（不报错）."""
 
-    class FakeAlias:
-        __name__ = "Context"
+        def fn(a: int) -> int:
+            return a
 
-    assert _is_context_annotation(FakeAlias()) is True
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
+        # b 是依赖但 fn 不接收它 —— 应正常工作
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        assert kwargs == {"a": 1}
 
-    class FakeMapping:
-        __name__ = "Mapping"
+    def test_context_annotation_only_deps(self) -> None:
+        """Context 标注只接收该任务自身 depends_on 的结果."""
 
-    assert _is_context_annotation(FakeMapping()) is True
+        def fn(ctx: px.Context) -> int:
+            return len(ctx)
 
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
+        _args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 99})
+        assert kwargs == {"ctx": {"a": 1, "b": 2}}
 
-def test_is_context_annotation_other() -> None:
-    """其他类型注解应返回 False。"""
-    assert _is_context_annotation(int) is False
-    assert _is_context_annotation(str) is False
-    assert _is_context_annotation(None) is False
 
+class TestDescribeInjection:
+    """测试 describe_injection 函数."""
 
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# describe_injection 其余分支
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-def test_describe_injection_var_positional() -> None:
-    """*args 参数应显示为 *args。"""
+    def test_describe_injection(self) -> None:
+        """应正确描述依赖注入、Context 标注和默认值."""
 
-    def fn(*args: Any) -> None:
-        return None
+        def fn(a: int, ctx: px.Context, flag: bool = False) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+            return None
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn)
-    desc = describe_injection(spec)
-    assert "*args" in desc
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
+        desc = describe_injection(spec)
+        assert "a=<result:a>" in desc
+        assert "ctx=<Context>" in desc
+        assert "flag=<default>" in desc
 
+    def test_var_positional(self) -> None:
+        """*args 参数应显示为 *args."""
 
-def test_describe_injection_var_keyword() -> None:
-    """**kwargs 参数应显示为 **kwargs=<all-deps>。"""
+        def fn(*args: Any) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+            return None
 
-    def fn(**kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        return None
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn)
+        desc = describe_injection(spec)
+        assert "*args" in desc
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
-    desc = describe_injection(spec)
-    assert "**kwargs=<all-deps>" in desc
+    def test_var_keyword(self) -> None:
+        """**kwargs 参数应显示为 **kwargs=<all-deps>."""
 
+        def fn(**kwargs: Any) -> None:  # pyright: ignore[reportExplicitAny, reportAny]  # noqa: ARG001
+            return None
 
-def test_describe_injection_unresolved() -> None:
-    """无依赖、无静态值、无默认的参数应显示为 <UNRESOLVED>。"""
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a",))
+        desc = describe_injection(spec)
+        assert "**kwargs=<all-deps>" in desc
 
-    def fn(missing: int) -> None:
-        return None
+    def test_unresolved(self) -> None:
+        """无依赖、无静态值、无默认的参数应显示为 <UNRESOLVED>."""
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn)
-    desc = describe_injection(spec)
-    assert "missing=<UNRESOLVED>" in desc
+        def fn(missing: int) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+            return None
 
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn)
+        desc = describe_injection(spec)
+        assert "missing=<UNRESOLVED>" in desc
 
-def test_describe_injection_static_kwargs() -> None:
-    """静态 kwargs 应显示具体值。"""
+    def test_static_kwargs(self) -> None:
+        """静态 kwargs 应显示具体值."""
 
-    def fn(flag: bool = False) -> None:
-        return None
+        def fn(flag: bool = False) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+            return None
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, kwargs={"flag": True})
-    desc = describe_injection(spec)
-    assert "flag=True" in desc
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, kwargs={"flag": True})
+        desc = describe_injection(spec)
+        assert "flag=True" in desc
 
+    def test_positional_args_filled(self) -> None:
+        """spec.args 填充的位置参数应显示具体值（覆盖 args_filled 分支）."""
 
-def test_describe_injection_positional_args_filled() -> None:
-    """spec.args 填充的位置参数应显示具体值（覆盖 args_filled 分支）。"""
+        def fn(a: int, b: str) -> None:  # noqa: ARG001
+            return None
 
-    def fn(a: int, b: str) -> None:
-        return None
+        spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, args=(1, "x"))
+        desc = describe_injection(spec)
+        assert "a=1" in desc
+        assert "b='x'" in desc
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, args=(1, "x"))
-    desc = describe_injection(spec)
-    assert "a=1" in desc
-    assert "b='x'" in desc
 
+class TestIsContextAnnotation:
+    """测试 _is_context_annotation 函数."""
 
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-# build_call_args 边界
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-def test_build_call_args_var_positional_not_required() -> None:
-    """*args 参数不应触发 InjectionError。"""
+    def test_direct_object(self) -> None:
+        """直接传入 Context 别名对象应返回 True."""
+        assert _is_context_annotation(px.Context) is True
 
-    def fn(*args: Any) -> int:
-        return len(args)
+    def test_string(self) -> None:
+        """字符串形式的注解应被识别."""
+        assert _is_context_annotation("Context") is True
+        assert _is_context_annotation("px.Context") is True
+        assert _is_context_annotation("pyflowx.Context") is True
+        assert _is_context_annotation("NotContext") is False
+        assert _is_context_annotation("int") is False
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, args=(1, 2, 3))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {})
-    assert args == (1, 2, 3)
-    assert kwargs == {}
+    def test_typing_alias(self) -> None:
+        """具有 __name__/_name 为 Context/Mapping 的 typing 别名应返回 True."""
 
+        class FakeAlias:
+            __name__ = "Context"
 
-def test_build_call_args_var_keyword_consumes_leftover() -> None:
-    """**kwargs 应吞掉未被具名参数消费的依赖结果。"""
+        assert _is_context_annotation(FakeAlias()) is True
 
-    def fn(a: int, **rest: Any) -> int:
-        return a + sum(rest.values())
+        class FakeMapping:
+            __name__ = "Mapping"
 
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a", "b", "c"))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3})
-    assert kwargs == {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
+        assert _is_context_annotation(FakeMapping()) is True
 
-
-def test_build_call_args_no_var_keyword_drops_leftover() -> None:
-    """无 **kwargs 时，未被消费的依赖结果被丢弃（不报错）。"""
-
-    def fn(a: int) -> int:
-        return a
-
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
-    # b 是依赖但 fn 不接收它 —— 应正常工作
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2})
-    assert kwargs == {"a": 1}
-
-
-def test_build_call_args_context_annotation_only_deps() -> None:
-    """Context 标注只接收该任务自身 depends_on 的结果。"""
-
-    def fn(ctx: px.Context) -> int:
-        return len(ctx)
-
-    spec = px.TaskSpec("t", fn, depends_on=("a", "b"))
-    args, kwargs = build_call_args(spec, {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 99})
-    assert kwargs == {"ctx": {"a": 1, "b": 2}}
+    def test_other(self) -> None:
+        """其他类型注解应返回 False."""
+        assert _is_context_annotation(int) is False
+        assert _is_context_annotation(str) is False
+        assert _is_context_annotation(None) is False
diff --git a/tests/test_executors.py b/tests/test_executors.py
index 95a88f7..a56bcd2 100644
--- a/tests/test_executors.py
+++ b/tests/test_executors.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-import os
 import tempfile
 import threading
 import time
-from typing import Any, List
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_sequential_basic() -> None:
 
 
 def test_sequential_diamond() -> None:
-    order: List[str] = []
+    order: list[str] = []
 
     def make(name: str) -> Any:
         def fn() -> str:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def test_failure_propagates() -> None:
     def boom() -> None:
         raise ValueError("kaboom")
 
-    def downstream(boom: None) -> int:
+    def downstream(_boom: None) -> int:
         return 1
 
     graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def test_threaded_parallelism() -> None:
 
 
 def test_threaded_layer_barrier() -> None:
-    finished: List[str] = []
+    finished: list[str] = []
     lock = threading.Lock()
 
     def make(name: str) -> Any:
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def test_async_timeout() -> None:
 # Dry run
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 def test_dry_run_does_not_execute(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
-    called: List[str] = []
+    called: list[str] = []
 
     def fn() -> str:
         called.append("x")
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def test_dry_run_does_not_execute(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
 # State / resume
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 def test_memory_backend_resume() -> None:
-    runs: List[str] = []
+    runs: list[str] = []
 
     def make(name: str) -> Any:
         def fn() -> str:
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def test_memory_backend_resume() -> None:
 
 def test_json_backend_persistence() -> None:
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
 
         def fn() -> int:
             return 7
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def test_json_backend_persistence() -> None:
         px.run(graph, strategy="sequential", state=JSONBackend(path))
 
         # New backend reads the file; task should be skipped.
-        runs: List[str] = []
+        runs: list[str] = []
 
         def fn2() -> int:
             runs.append("ran")
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def test_json_backend_persistence() -> None:
 # Events
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 def test_on_event_callback() -> None:
-    events: List[px.TaskEvent] = []
+    events: list[px.TaskEvent] = []
 
     def fn() -> int:
         return 1
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ def test_async_failure_retry_branch(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 def test_threaded_skips_cached_tasks() -> None:
     """threaded 策略下命中缓存的任务应被跳过（覆盖 line 224-230）。"""
-    runs: List[str] = []
+    runs: list[str] = []
 
     def make(name: str) -> Any:
         def fn() -> str:
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ def test_threaded_all_cached_layer() -> None:
 
 def test_async_skips_cached_tasks() -> None:
     """async 策略下命中缓存的任务应被跳过（覆盖 line 268-274）。"""
-    runs: List[str] = []
+    runs: list[str] = []
 
     async def make(name: str) -> Any:
         async def fn() -> str:
diff --git a/tests/test_graph.py b/tests/test_graph.py
index 6b2e3b6..5722edf 100644
--- a/tests/test_graph.py
+++ b/tests/test_graph.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def test_from_specs_allows_forward_references() -> None:
 
 def test_duplicate_task_raises() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(DuplicateTaskError):
-        px.Graph.from_specs(
+        _ = px.Graph.from_specs(
             [
                 px.TaskSpec("a", _fn),
                 px.TaskSpec("a", _fn),
@@ -49,14 +49,15 @@ def test_duplicate_task_raises() -> None:
 
 def test_missing_dependency_raises() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(MissingDependencyError) as exc_info:
-        px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, depends_on=("a",))])
+        _ = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, depends_on=("a",))])
+
     assert exc_info.value.task == "b"
     assert exc_info.value.dependency == "a"
 
 
 def test_cycle_detection() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(CycleError):
-        px.Graph.from_specs(
+        _ = px.Graph.from_specs(
             [
                 px.TaskSpec("a", _fn, depends_on=("c",)),
                 px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, depends_on=("a",)),
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ def test_layers_grouping() -> None:
 
 def test_self_dependency_rejected() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        px.TaskSpec("a", _fn, depends_on=("a",))
+        _ = px.TaskSpec("a", _fn, depends_on=("a",))
 
 
 def test_to_mermaid() -> None:
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ def test_to_mermaid() -> None:
 def test_to_mermaid_invalid_orientation() -> None:
     graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("a", _fn)])
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        graph.to_mermaid("XX")
+        _ = graph.to_mermaid("XX")
 
 
 def test_subgraph_by_tags() -> None:
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ def test_subgraph_by_names() -> None:
 def test_subgraph_by_names_unknown() -> None:
     graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("a", _fn)])
     with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        graph.subgraph_by_names(["nope"])
+        _ = graph.subgraph_by_names(["nope"])
 
 
 def test_describe() -> None:
@@ -160,14 +161,14 @@ def test_add_chains_and_validates() -> None:
     assert "a" in graph
     # 缺失依赖应即时报错
     with pytest.raises(MissingDependencyError):
-        graph.add(px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, depends_on=("missing",)))
+        _ = graph.add(px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, depends_on=("missing",)))
 
 
 def test_add_duplicate_raises() -> None:
     graph = px.Graph()
-    graph.add(px.TaskSpec("a", _fn))
+    _ = graph.add(px.TaskSpec("a", _fn))
     with pytest.raises(DuplicateTaskError):
-        graph.add(px.TaskSpec("a", _fn))
+        _ = graph.add(px.TaskSpec("a", _fn))
 
 
 def test_all_specs_returns_view() -> None:
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ def test_spec_accessor() -> None:
     graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("a", _fn)])
     assert graph.spec("a").name == "a"
     with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        graph.spec("missing")
+        _ = graph.spec("missing")
 
 
 def test_dependencies_accessor() -> None:
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ def test_subgraph_preserves_metadata() -> None:
     graph = px.Graph.from_specs(
         [
             px.TaskSpec("a", _fn, tags=("x",), retries=3, timeout=5.0),
-            px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, ("a",), tags=("y",)),
+            px.TaskSpec("b", _fn, depends_on=("a",), tags=("y",)),
         ]
     )
     sub = graph.subgraph(["x"])
diff --git a/tests/test_report.py b/tests/test_report.py
index 660e72f..8ef58dc 100644
--- a/tests/test_report.py
+++ b/tests/test_report.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-"""RunReport 测试。"""
+"""RunReport 测试."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Optional
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 
 import pyflowx as px
 from pyflowx.task import TaskResult, TaskSpec, TaskStatus
@@ -17,15 +16,14 @@ def _make_result(
     name: str = "a",
     status: TaskStatus = TaskStatus.SUCCESS,
     value: object = 42,
-    error: Optional[object] = None,
+    error: BaseException | None = None,
     duration: float = 0.5,
     attempts: int = 1,
 ) -> TaskResult[object]:
+    """构造测试用 TaskResult 实例."""
     spec: TaskSpec[object] = TaskSpec[object](name, _fn)
     start = datetime(2024, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
     # 用 timedelta 精确表达秒数，避免 int() 截断小数
-    from datetime import timedelta
-
     end = start + timedelta(seconds=duration) if duration else None
     return TaskResult[object](
         spec=spec,
@@ -38,85 +36,96 @@ def _make_result(
     )
 
 
-def test_getitem_returns_value() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", value=7)
-    assert report["a"] == 7
+class TestRunReportAccess:
+    """测试 RunReport 的访问接口."""
+
+    def test_getitem_returns_value(self) -> None:
+        """report[name] 应返回任务结果值."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", value=7)
+        assert report["a"] == 7
+
+    def test_result_of_returns_full_result(self) -> None:
+        """result_of 应返回完整的 TaskResult 对象."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        r = _make_result("a")
+        report.results["a"] = r
+        assert report.result_of("a") is r
+
+    def test_contains(self) -> None:
+        """in 运算符应正确判断任务是否存在."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result("a")
+        assert "a" in report
+        assert "b" not in report
+
+    def test_iter_and_len(self) -> None:
+        """应支持迭代任务名并返回任务数量."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result("a")
+        report.results["b"] = _make_result("b")
+        assert list(report) == ["a", "b"]
+        assert len(report) == 2
 
 
-def test_result_of_returns_full_result() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    r = _make_result("a")
-    report.results["a"] = r
-    assert report.result_of("a") is r
+class TestRunReportSummary:
+    """测试 RunReport 的 summary 方法."""
+
+    def test_summary_success(self) -> None:
+        """应正确汇总成功和跳过的任务."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", status=TaskStatus.SUCCESS, duration=1.0)
+        report.results["b"] = _make_result("b", status=TaskStatus.SKIPPED, duration=0.0)
+        s = report.summary()
+        assert s["success"] is True
+        assert s["total_tasks"] == 2
+        assert s["by_status"] == {"success": 1, "skipped": 1}
+        assert s["total_duration_seconds"] == 1.0
+
+    def test_summary_with_none_duration(self) -> None:
+        """未开始/未结束的任务 duration 为 None，不应计入总时长."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        spec: TaskSpec[object] = TaskSpec("a", _fn)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        report.results["a"] = TaskResult(spec=spec, status=TaskStatus.FAILED)
+        s = report.summary()
+        assert s["total_duration_seconds"] == 0.0
+
+    def test_failed_tasks(self) -> None:
+        """failed_tasks 应返回所有失败任务名."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", status=TaskStatus.SUCCESS)
+        report.results["b"] = _make_result(
+            "b", status=TaskStatus.FAILED, error=ValueError("x")
+        )
+        assert report.failed_tasks() == ["b"]
 
 
-def test_contains() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result("a")
-    assert "a" in report
-    assert "b" not in report
+class TestRunReportDescribe:
+    """测试 RunReport 的 describe 方法."""
 
+    def test_describe_success(self) -> None:
+        """应正确描述成功状态和耗时."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", status=TaskStatus.SUCCESS, duration=0.5)
+        desc = report.describe()
+        assert "RunReport(success=True)" in desc
+        assert "a: success" in desc
+        assert "0.500s" in desc
 
-def test_iter_and_len() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result("a")
-    report.results["b"] = _make_result("b")
-    assert list(report) == ["a", "b"]
-    assert len(report) == 2
+    def test_describe_with_error(self) -> None:
+        """应正确描述失败状态和错误信息."""
+        report = px.RunReport(success=False)
+        report.results["a"] = _make_result(
+            "a", status=TaskStatus.FAILED, error=ValueError("boom"), duration=0.1
+        )
+        desc = report.describe()
+        assert "success=False" in desc
+        assert "error=ValueError" in desc
 
-
-def test_summary_success() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", status=TaskStatus.SUCCESS, duration=1.0)
-    report.results["b"] = _make_result("b", status=TaskStatus.SKIPPED, duration=0.0)
-    s = report.summary()
-    assert s["success"] is True
-    assert s["total_tasks"] == 2
-    assert s["by_status"] == {"success": 1, "skipped": 1}
-    assert s["total_duration_seconds"] == 1.0
-
-
-def test_summary_with_none_duration() -> None:
-    """未开始/未结束的任务 duration 为 None，不应计入总时长。"""
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    spec: TaskSpec[object] = TaskSpec("a", _fn)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-    report.results["a"] = TaskResult(spec=spec, status=TaskStatus.FAILED)
-    s = report.summary()
-    assert s["total_duration_seconds"] == 0.0
-
-
-def test_failed_tasks() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", status=TaskStatus.SUCCESS)
-    report.results["b"] = _make_result(
-        "b", status=TaskStatus.FAILED, error=ValueError("x")
-    )
-    assert report.failed_tasks() == ["b"]
-
-
-def test_describe_success() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result("a", status=TaskStatus.SUCCESS, duration=0.5)
-    desc = report.describe()
-    assert "RunReport(success=True)" in desc
-    assert "a: success" in desc
-    assert "0.500s" in desc
-
-
-def test_describe_with_error() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport(success=False)
-    report.results["a"] = _make_result(
-        "a", status=TaskStatus.FAILED, error=ValueError("boom"), duration=0.1
-    )
-    desc = report.describe()
-    assert "success=False" in desc
-    assert "error=ValueError" in desc
-
-
-def test_describe_no_duration() -> None:
-    report = px.RunReport()
-    spec: TaskSpec[object] = TaskSpec("a", _fn)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
-    report.results["a"] = TaskResult(spec=spec, status=TaskStatus.PENDING)
-    desc = report.describe()
-    assert "-" in desc  # duration 显示为 "-"
+    def test_describe_no_duration(self) -> None:
+        """无耗时的任务应显示为 '-'."""
+        report = px.RunReport()
+        spec: TaskSpec[object] = TaskSpec("a", _fn)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        report.results["a"] = TaskResult(spec=spec, status=TaskStatus.PENDING)
+        desc = report.describe()
+        assert "-" in desc  # duration 显示为 "-"
diff --git a/tests/test_runner.py b/tests/test_runner.py
index 7990997..ec6942b 100644
--- a/tests/test_runner.py
+++ b/tests/test_runner.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
-from typing import Any, List
+from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ class TestCliRunnerConstruction:
     def test_rejects_non_graph_value(self) -> None:
         """非 Graph 值应抛出 TypeError."""
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="必须是 Graph 实例"):
-            px.CliRunner(clean="not a graph")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            _ = px.CliRunner(clean="not a graph")  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
 
     def test_rejects_non_graph_list(self) -> None:
         """列表类型的值应抛出 TypeError."""
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="必须是 Graph 实例"):
-            px.CliRunner(build=[1, 2, 3])  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            _ = px.CliRunner(build=[1, 2, 3])  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
 
     def test_default_strategy_is_sequential(self) -> None:
         """默认策略应为 Strategy.SEQUENTIAL."""
@@ -257,19 +257,15 @@ class TestCliRunnerParser:
 class TestCliRunnerRunSuccess:
     """测试 CliRunner.run 的成功执行路径."""
 
-    def test_run_valid_command_returns_zero(
-        self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
-    ) -> None:
+    def test_run_valid_command_returns_zero(self) -> None:
         """有效命令执行成功应返回 0."""
         runner = px.CliRunner(echo=_echo_graph())
         exit_code = runner.run(["echo"])
         assert exit_code == CliExitCode.SUCCESS.value
 
-    def test_run_executes_correct_graph(
-        self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
-    ) -> None:
+    def test_run_executes_correct_graph(self) -> None:
         """应执行用户指定的命令对应的图."""
-        executed: List[str] = []
+        executed: list[str] = []
 
         def track_a() -> None:
             executed.append("a")
@@ -418,9 +414,7 @@ class TestCliRunnerRunFailure:
         captured = capsys.readouterr()
         assert "可用命令" in captured.out or "可用命令" in captured.err
 
-    def test_run_failing_task_returns_failure(
-        self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
-    ) -> None:
+    def test_run_failing_task_returns_failure(self) -> None:
         """任务失败时应返回 1."""
         runner = px.CliRunner(fail=_failing_graph())
         exit_code = runner.run(["fail"])
@@ -443,7 +437,7 @@ class TestCliRunnerRunFailure:
 class TestCliRunnerList:
     """测试 --list 选项."""
 
-    def test_list_returns_success(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+    def test_list_returns_success(self) -> None:
         """--list 应返回 0."""
         runner = px.CliRunner(clean=_echo_graph(), build=_echo_graph())
         exit_code = runner.run(["--list"])
@@ -462,11 +456,9 @@ class TestCliRunnerList:
         assert "build" in captured.out
         assert "test" in captured.out
 
-    def test_list_does_not_execute_any_graph(
-        self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
-    ) -> None:
+    def test_list_does_not_execute_any_graph(self) -> None:
         """--list 不应执行任何图."""
-        executed: List[str] = []
+        executed: list[str] = []
 
         def track() -> None:
             executed.append("ran")
@@ -488,7 +480,7 @@ class TestCliRunnerErrorHandling:
         """KeyboardInterrupt 应返回 130."""
         runner = px.CliRunner(echo=_echo_graph())
 
-        def raise_interrupt(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        def raise_interrupt(*_args: Any, **_kwargs: Any) -> None:
             raise KeyboardInterrupt
 
         with patch("pyflowx.runner.run", side_effect=raise_interrupt):
@@ -503,7 +495,7 @@ class TestCliRunnerErrorHandling:
         """PyFlowXError 应返回 1."""
         runner = px.CliRunner(echo=_echo_graph())
 
-        def raise_error(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        def raise_error(*_args: Any, **_kwargs: Any) -> None:
             raise TaskFailedError("echo", RuntimeError("boom"), 1)
 
         with patch("pyflowx.runner.run", side_effect=raise_error):
@@ -520,12 +512,13 @@ class TestCliRunnerErrorHandling:
 
         runner = px.CliRunner(echo=_echo_graph())
 
-        def raise_custom(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        def raise_custom(*_args: Any, **_kwargs: Any) -> None:
             raise CustomError("unexpected")
 
-        with patch("pyflowx.runner.run", side_effect=raise_custom):
-            with pytest.raises(CustomError):
-                runner.run(["echo"])
+        with patch("pyflowx.runner.run", side_effect=raise_custom), pytest.raises(
+            CustomError
+        ):
+            runner.run(["echo"])
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -617,7 +610,7 @@ class TestCliRunnerIntegration:
 
     def test_diamond_dependency_graph(self) -> None:
         """菱形依赖图应正确执行."""
-        order: List[str] = []
+        order: list[str] = []
 
         def make(name: str) -> Any:
             def fn() -> str:
diff --git a/tests/test_storage.py b/tests/test_storage.py
index 9a4e779..8613bee 100644
--- a/tests/test_storage.py
+++ b/tests/test_storage.py
@@ -22,19 +22,6 @@ def mock_tmp_json(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
     return path
 
 
-class TestStateBackend:
-    """测试状态后端。"""
-
-    def test_json_backend_save_and_load(self, mock_tmp_json: Path) -> None:
-        """测试 JSON 后端保存和加载。"""
-        b = JSONBackend(str(mock_tmp_json))
-        assert not b.has("a")
-        b.save("a", 1)
-        assert b.has("a")
-        assert b.get("a") == 1
-        assert dict(b.load()) == {"a": 1}
-
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 # MemoryBackend
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
@@ -61,7 +48,7 @@ def test_memory_backend_get_missing_raises() -> None:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
 def test_json_backend_save_and_load() -> None:
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
         b = JSONBackend(path)
         b.save("a", {"x": 1})
         b.save("b", [1, 2, 3])
@@ -75,7 +62,7 @@ def test_json_backend_save_and_load() -> None:
 
 def test_json_backend_clear() -> None:
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
         b = JSONBackend(path)
         b.save("a", 1)
         b.clear()
@@ -88,7 +75,7 @@ def test_json_backend_clear() -> None:
 def test_json_backend_nonexistent_file_starts_empty() -> None:
     """文件不存在时应正常初始化为空。"""
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "absent.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "absent.json")
         b = JSONBackend(path)
         assert dict(b.load()) == {}
         assert not b.has("anything")
@@ -97,7 +84,7 @@ def test_json_backend_nonexistent_file_starts_empty() -> None:
 def test_json_backend_non_serialisable_raises() -> None:
     """不可 JSON 序列化的值应抛 StorageError，且不污染内存状态。"""
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
         b = JSONBackend(path)
         with pytest.raises(StorageError):
             b.save("a", object())  # object() 不可序列化
@@ -113,12 +100,12 @@ def test_json_backend_flush_type_error(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     import json as _json
 
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
         b = JSONBackend(path)
 
         original_dump = _json.dump
 
-        def flaky_dump(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        def flaky_dump(*_args: Any, **_kwargs: Any) -> None:
             raise TypeError("simulated flush failure")
 
         monkeypatch.setattr(_json, "dump", flaky_dump)
@@ -131,28 +118,28 @@ def test_json_backend_flush_type_error(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
 def test_json_backend_flush_os_error(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
     """_flush 时 OSError 应转为 StorageError。"""
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
         b = JSONBackend(path)
 
         original_replace = os.replace
 
-        def fail_replace(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        def fail_replace(*_args: Any, **_kwargs: Any) -> None:
             raise OSError("simulated os.replace failure")
 
-        monkeypatch.setattr(os, "replace", fail_replace)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(Path, "replace", fail_replace)
         with pytest.raises(StorageError, match="cannot write"):
             b.save("a", 1)
         monkeypatch.setattr(os, "replace", original_replace)
 
 
-def test_json_backend_corrupt_file_raises(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+def test_json_backend_corrupt_file_raises() -> None:
     """损坏的 JSON 文件应抛 StorageError。"""
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
-        path = os.path.join(tmp, "state.json")
+        path = str(Path(tmp) / "state.json")
         with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
-            fh.write("{not valid json")
+            _ = fh.write("{not valid json")
         with pytest.raises(StorageError):
-            JSONBackend(path)
+            _ = JSONBackend(path)
 
 
 def test_json_backend_non_dict_content_ignored(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/test_taskspec_commands.py b/tests/test_taskspec_commands.py
index eddfdb2..4832339 100644
--- a/tests/test_taskspec_commands.py
+++ b/tests/test_taskspec_commands.py
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class TestTaskSpecVerbose:
 
     def test_verbose_default_is_false(self) -> None:
         """verbose 默认应为 False."""
-        spec = px.TaskSpec("a", cmd=[*ECHO_CMD, "hi"])
+        spec: px.TaskSpec[object] = px.TaskSpec("a", cmd=[*ECHO_CMD, "hi"])
         assert spec.verbose is False
 
     def test_verbose_true_prints_command(
diff --git a/typings/graphlib/__init__.pyi b/typings/graphlib/__init__.pyi
index 85982e0..ff2054f 100644
--- a/typings/graphlib/__init__.pyi
+++ b/typings/graphlib/__init__.pyi
@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
 This type stub file was generated by pyright.
 """
 
-from .graphlib import *
+from .graphlib import CycleError, TopologicalSorter
 
+__all__ = ["CycleError", "TopologicalSorter"]
diff --git a/typings/graphlib/graphlib.pyi b/typings/graphlib/graphlib.pyi
index 51fbf1f..aa3d3c7 100644
--- a/typings/graphlib/graphlib.pyi
+++ b/typings/graphlib/graphlib.pyi
@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@
 This type stub file was generated by pyright.
 """
 
-__all__ = ["TopologicalSorter", "CycleError"]
+from typing import Any, Generator
+
+__all__ = ["CycleError", "TopologicalSorter"]
 _NODE_OUT = ...
 _NODE_DONE = ...
-class _NodeInfo:
-    __slots__ = ...
-    def __init__(self, node) -> None:
-        ...
-    
 
+class _NodeInfo:
+    __slots__: list[str]
+
+    def __init__(self, node) -> None: ...
 
 class CycleError(ValueError):
     """Subclass of ValueError raised by TopologicalSorterif cycles exist in the graph
@@ -22,14 +23,13 @@ class CycleError(ValueError):
     next node in the list. In the reported list, the first and the last node will be
     the same, to make it clear that it is cyclic.
     """
-    ...
 
+    ...
 
 class TopologicalSorter:
     """Provides functionality to topologically sort a graph of hashable nodes"""
-    def __init__(self, graph=...) -> None:
-        ...
-    
+
+    def __init__(self, graph=...) -> None: ...
     def add(self, node, *predecessors) -> None:
         """Add a new node and its predecessors to the graph.
 
@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ class TopologicalSorter:
 
         Raises ValueError if called after "prepare".
         """
+
         ...
-    
+
     def prepare(self) -> None:
         """Mark the graph as finished and check for cycles in the graph.
 
@@ -55,8 +56,9 @@ class TopologicalSorter:
         progress. After a call to this function, the graph cannot be modified and
         therefore no more nodes can be added using "add".
         """
+
         ...
-    
+
     def get_ready(self) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
         """Return a tuple of all the nodes that are ready.
 
@@ -67,8 +69,9 @@ class TopologicalSorter:
 
         Raises ValueError if called without calling "prepare" previously.
         """
+
         ...
-    
+
     def is_active(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if more progress can be made and ``False`` otherwise.
 
@@ -79,11 +82,10 @@ class TopologicalSorter:
 
         Raises ValueError if called without calling "prepare" previously.
         """
+
         ...
-    
-    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
-        ...
-    
+
+    def __bool__(self) -> bool: ...
     def done(self, *nodes) -> None:
         """Marks a set of nodes returned by "get_ready" as processed.
 
@@ -95,9 +97,10 @@ class TopologicalSorter:
         graph by using "add" or if called without calling "prepare" previously or if
         node has not yet been returned by "get_ready".
         """
+
         ...
-    
-    def static_order(self) -> Generator[Any, Any, None]:
+
+    def static_order(self) -> Generator[Any]:
         """Returns an iterable of nodes in a topological order.
 
         The particular order that is returned may depend on the specific
@@ -106,7 +109,5 @@ class TopologicalSorter:
         Using this method does not require to call "prepare" or "done". If any
         cycle is detected, :exc:`CycleError` will be raised.
         """
+
         ...
-    
-
-