diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ff71207..9834604 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ version = "0.1.7"
 [project.scripts]
 autofmt  = "pyflowx.cli.autofmt:main"
 bumpver  = "pyflowx.cli.bumpversion:main"
-clrscr   = "pyflowx.cli.clearscreen:main"
+cls      = "pyflowx.cli.clearscreen:main"
 envpy    = "pyflowx.cli.envpy:main"
 envqt    = "pyflowx.cli.envqt:main"
 envrs    = "pyflowx.cli.envrs:main"
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/cli/clearscreen.py b/src/pyflowx/cli/clearscreen.py
index 9f13846..19f35f0 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/cli/clearscreen.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/cli/clearscreen.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import os
 import subprocess
 
 import pyflowx as px
@@ -17,52 +16,17 @@ from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
 
 
 def clear_screen() -> None:
-    """清屏."""
-    if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
-        os.system("cls")
-    else:
-        os.system("clear")
-
-
-def clear_screen_python() -> None:
-    """Python 方式清屏 (跨平台)."""
-    print("\033[2J\033[H", end="")
-
-
-def clear_screen_cmd() -> None:
     """使用系统命令清屏."""
     if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
         subprocess.run(["cmd", "/c", "cls"], check=False)
     else:
         subprocess.run(["clear"], check=False)
 
-
-# ============================================================================
-# TaskSpec 定义
-# ============================================================================
-
-clearscreen: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("clearscreen", fn=clear_screen)
-clearscreen_py: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("clearscreen_py", fn=clear_screen_python)
-clearscreen_cmd: px.TaskSpec = px.TaskSpec("clearscreen_cmd", fn=clear_screen_cmd)
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# CLI Runner
-# ============================================================================
+    print("\033[2J\033[H", end="")
+    print("ClearScreen - 清屏工具")
 
 
 def main() -> None:
     """清屏工具主函数."""
-    runner = px.CliRunner(
-        strategy="thread",
-        description="ClearScreen - 清屏工具",
-        graphs={
-            # 清屏 (os.system)
-            "c": px.Graph.from_specs([clearscreen]),
-            # 清屏 (Python)
-            "p": px.Graph.from_specs([clearscreen_py]),
-            # 清屏 (cmd)
-            "cmd": px.Graph.from_specs([clearscreen_cmd]),
-        },
-    )
-    runner.run_cli()
+    graph = px.Graph.from_specs([px.TaskSpec("clearscreen", fn=clear_screen)])
+    px.run(graph, strategy="thread")
diff --git a/src/pyflowx/executors.py b/src/pyflowx/executors.py
index 9c28bba..dfff9b1 100644
--- a/src/pyflowx/executors.py
+++ b/src/pyflowx/executors.py
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ def run(
     *,
     max_workers: int | None = None,
     dry_run: bool = False,
-    verbose: bool = True,
+    verbose: bool = False,
     on_event: EventCallback | None = None,
     state: StateBackend | None = None,
 ) -> RunReport:
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_autofmt.py b/tests/cli/test_autofmt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8927a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_autofmt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""Tests for cli.autofmt module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import autofmt
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# auto_add_docstrings
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestAutoAddDocstrings:
+    """Test auto_add_docstrings function."""
+
+    def test_auto_add_docstrings_to_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should add docstrings to Python file."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.py"
+        test_file.write_text("def test_func():\n    pass\n")
+
+        with patch.object(autofmt, "add_docstring_to_file") as mock_add:
+            autofmt.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
+            # Should call add_docstring_to_file for each Python file
+            assert mock_add.called
+
+    def test_auto_add_docstrings_skips_non_python_files(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should skip non-Python files."""
+        text_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        text_file.write_text("not a python file")
+
+        with patch.object(autofmt, "add_docstring_to_file") as mock_add:
+            autofmt.auto_add_docstrings(tmp_path)
+            # Should not call add_docstring_to_file for non-Python files
+            assert not mock_add.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# sync_pyproject_config
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSyncPyprojectConfig:
+    """Test sync_pyproject_config function."""
+
+    def test_sync_pyproject_config_creates_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create pyproject.toml if it doesn't exist."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "exists", return_value=False), \
+             patch.object(Path, "write_text") as mock_write:
+            autofmt.sync_pyproject_config(tmp_path)
+            # Should create pyproject.toml
+            assert mock_write.called
+
+    def test_sync_pyproject_config_updates_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should update existing pyproject.toml."""
+        pyproject = tmp_path / "pyproject.toml"
+        pyproject.write_text("[tool.ruff]\n")
+
+        with patch.object(Path, "exists", return_value=True), \
+             patch.object(Path, "read_text", return_value="[tool.ruff]\n"), \
+             patch.object(Path, "write_text") as mock_write:
+            autofmt.sync_pyproject_config(tmp_path)
+            # Should update pyproject.toml
+            assert mock_write.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# format_all
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestFormatAll:
+    """Test format_all function."""
+
+    def test_format_all_runs_ruff_format(self) -> None:
+        """Should run ruff format."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            autofmt.format_all(Path())
+            # Should call ruff format
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_format_all_runs_ruff_check(self) -> None:
+        """Should run ruff check."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            autofmt.format_all(Path())
+            # Should call ruff check
+            assert mock_run.call_count >= 2
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_fmt_default_target(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle fmt with default target."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert "ruff" in spec.cmd
+                assert "format" in spec.cmd
+                assert "." in spec.cmd
+
+    def test_main_fmt_custom_target(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle fmt with custom target."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt", "--target", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert "ruff" in spec.cmd
+                assert "format" in spec.cmd
+                assert "src" in spec.cmd
+
+    def test_main_lint_default_target(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle lint with default target."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "lint"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert "ruff" in spec.cmd
+                assert "check" in spec.cmd
+
+    def test_main_lint_with_fix(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle lint with fix."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "lint", "--fix"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert "ruff" in spec.cmd
+                assert "check" in spec.cmd
+                assert "--fix" in spec.cmd
+                assert "--unsafe-fixes" in spec.cmd
+
+    def test_main_lint_custom_target(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle lint with custom target."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "lint", "--target", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_doc_default_root(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle doc with default root."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "doc"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(autofmt, "auto_add_docstrings"):
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_doc_custom_root(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle doc with custom root."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "doc", "--root-dir", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(autofmt, "auto_add_docstrings"):
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_sync_default_root(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle sync with default root."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "sync"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(autofmt, "sync_pyproject_config"):
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_sync_custom_root(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle sync with custom root."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "sync", "--root-dir", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(autofmt, "sync_pyproject_config"):
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            autofmt.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_specs_with_verbose(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpecs with verbose=True."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert spec.verbose is True
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["autofmt", "fmt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            autofmt.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_bumpversion.py b/tests/cli/test_bumpversion.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4a0c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_bumpversion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Tests for cli.bumpversion module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from pyflowx.cli import bumpversion
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# bump_version
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestBumpVersion:
+    """Test bump_version function."""
+
+    def test_bump_version_patch(self) -> None:
+        """Should bump patch version."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            bumpversion.bump_version("patch")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_bump_version_minor(self) -> None:
+        """Should bump minor version."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            bumpversion.bump_version("minor")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_bump_version_major(self) -> None:
+        """Should bump major version."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            bumpversion.bump_version("major")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_bump_version_with_tag(self) -> None:
+        """Should bump version with tag."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            bumpversion.bump_version("patch", tag=True)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# bump_version_alpha
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestBumpVersionAlpha:
+    """Test bump_version_alpha function."""
+
+    def test_bump_version_alpha_patch(self) -> None:
+        """Should bump alpha patch version."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            bumpversion.bump_version_alpha("patch")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# TaskSpec definitions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestTaskSpecDefinitions:
+    """Test that all TaskSpec definitions are valid."""
+
+    def test_bump_patch_spec(self) -> None:
+        """bump_patch spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert bumpversion.bump_patch.name == "bump_patch"
+        assert bumpversion.bump_patch.fn is not None
+
+    def test_bump_minor_spec(self) -> None:
+        """bump_minor spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert bumpversion.bump_minor.name == "bump_minor"
+        assert bumpversion.bump_minor.fn is not None
+
+    def test_bump_major_spec(self) -> None:
+        """bump_major spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert bumpversion.bump_major.name == "bump_major"
+        assert bumpversion.bump_major.fn is not None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            bumpversion.main()
+        # run_cli() calls sys.exit(), so we should get SystemExit
+        assert exc_info.value.code in (0, 1, 2)
+
+    def test_main_with_list_argument(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle --list argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["bumpversion", "--list"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            bumpversion.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 0
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["bumpversion"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            bumpversion.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 1
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_clearscreen.py b/tests/cli/test_clearscreen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8910852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_clearscreen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Tests for cli.clearscreen module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import clearscreen
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# clear_screen
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestClearScreen:
+    """Test clear_screen function."""
+
+    def test_clear_screen_windows(self) -> None:
+        """Should clear screen on Windows."""
+        if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+            with patch("os.system") as mock_system:
+                clearscreen.clear_screen()
+                assert mock_system.called
+
+    def test_clear_screen_linux(self) -> None:
+        """Should clear screen on Linux."""
+        with patch.object(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", False), \
+             patch("os.system") as mock_system:
+            clearscreen.clear_screen()
+            assert mock_system.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# clear_screen_python
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestClearScreenPython:
+    """Test clear_screen_python function."""
+
+    def test_clear_screen_python(self) -> None:
+        """Should clear screen using Python."""
+        with patch("builtins.print") as mock_print:
+            clearscreen.clear_screen_python()
+            assert mock_print.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# clear_screen_cmd
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestClearScreenCmd:
+    """Test clear_screen_cmd function."""
+
+    def test_clear_screen_cmd(self) -> None:
+        """Should clear screen using cmd."""
+        with patch("os.system") as mock_system:
+            clearscreen.clear_screen_cmd()
+            assert mock_system.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# TaskSpec definitions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestTaskSpecDefinitions:
+    """Test that all TaskSpec definitions are valid."""
+
+    def test_clearscreen_spec(self) -> None:
+        """clearscreen spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert clearscreen.clearscreen.name == "clearscreen"
+        assert clearscreen.clearscreen.fn is not None
+
+    def test_clearscreen_py_spec(self) -> None:
+        """clearscreen_py spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert clearscreen.clearscreen_py.name == "clearscreen_py"
+        assert clearscreen.clearscreen_py.fn is not None
+
+    def test_clearscreen_cmd_spec(self) -> None:
+        """clearscreen_cmd spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert clearscreen.clearscreen_cmd.name == "clearscreen_cmd"
+        assert clearscreen.clearscreen_cmd.fn is not None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            clearscreen.main()
+        # run_cli() calls sys.exit(), so we should get SystemExit
+        assert exc_info.value.code in (0, 1, 2)
+
+    def test_main_with_list_argument(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle --list argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["clearscreen", "--list"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            clearscreen.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 0
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["clearscreen"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            clearscreen.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_envpy.py b/tests/cli/test_envpy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d89f63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_envpy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+"""Tests for cli.envpy module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import envpy
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# set_pip_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetPipMirror:
+    """Test set_pip_mirror function."""
+
+    def test_set_pip_mirror_tsinghua(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set tsinghua mirror."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envpy.set_pip_mirror("tsinghua")
+            # Check pip config
+            pip_config = tmp_path / "pip" / "pip.ini"
+            if envpy.Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+                assert pip_config.exists() or (tmp_path / "pip" / "pip.conf").exists()
+
+    def test_set_pip_mirror_aliyun(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set aliyun mirror."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envpy.set_pip_mirror("aliyun")
+            # Check pip config
+            pip_dir = tmp_path / "pip"
+            assert pip_dir.exists()
+
+    def test_set_pip_mirror_with_token(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set mirror with token."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envpy.set_pip_mirror("tsinghua", token="test_token")
+            # Check that token is set
+
+    def test_set_pip_mirror_creates_pip_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create pip directory if it doesn't exist."""
+        pip_dir = tmp_path / "pip"
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envpy.set_pip_mirror("tsinghua")
+            assert pip_dir.exists()
+            assert pip_dir.is_dir()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_mirror_tsinghua(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mirror tsinghua command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envpy, "set_pip_mirror"):
+            envpy.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mirror_aliyun(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mirror aliyun command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "aliyun"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envpy, "set_pip_mirror"):
+            envpy.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mirror_with_token(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mirror with token."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua", "--token", "test_token"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envpy, "set_pip_mirror"):
+            envpy.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envpy.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_invalid_mirror_shows_error(self) -> None:
+        """main() with invalid mirror should show error."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "invalid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envpy.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envpy, "set_pip_mirror"):
+            envpy.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "set_pip_mirror" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envpy", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envpy, "set_pip_mirror"):
+            envpy.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_envqt.py b/tests/cli/test_envqt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3204fb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_envqt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""Tests for cli.envqt module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import envqt
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# set_qt_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetQtMirror:
+    """Test set_qt_mirror function."""
+
+    def test_set_qt_mirror(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set Qt mirror."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envqt.set_qt_mirror()
+            # Check Qt config
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envqt.main()
+        # run_cli() calls sys.exit(), so we should get SystemExit
+        assert exc_info.value.code in (0, 1, 2)
+
+    def test_main_with_list_argument(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle --list argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envqt", "--list"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envqt.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 0
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envqt"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envqt.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_envrs.py b/tests/cli/test_envrs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b0c235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_envrs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+"""Tests for cli.envrs module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import envrs
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# set_rust_mirror
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSetRustMirror:
+    """Test set_rust_mirror function."""
+
+    def test_set_rust_mirror_aliyun(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set aliyun mirror."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envrs.set_rust_mirror("aliyun")
+            # Check environment variables
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup"
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT") == "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rustup/rustup"
+            # Check cargo config
+            cargo_config = tmp_path / ".cargo" / "config.toml"
+            assert cargo_config.exists()
+            content = cargo_config.read_text()
+            assert "aliyun" in content
+
+    def test_set_rust_mirror_ustc(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set ustc mirror."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envrs.set_rust_mirror("ustc")
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static"
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT") == "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rust-static/rustup"
+
+    def test_set_rust_mirror_tsinghua(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set tsinghua mirror."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envrs.set_rust_mirror("tsinghua")
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup"
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT") == "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup/rustup"
+
+    def test_set_rust_mirror_unknown_uses_default(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should use default mirror for unknown mirror name."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envrs.set_rust_mirror("unknown")
+            # Should use default mirror (tsinghua)
+            assert os.environ.get("RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER") == "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/rustup"
+
+    def test_set_rust_mirror_creates_cargo_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create .cargo directory if it doesn't exist."""
+        cargo_dir = tmp_path / ".cargo"
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=tmp_path):
+            envrs.set_rust_mirror("aliyun")
+            assert cargo_dir.exists()
+            assert cargo_dir.is_dir()
+
+    def test_set_rust_mirror_prints_message(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """Should print mirror name."""
+        with patch.object(Path, "home", return_value=Path("/tmp")):
+            envrs.set_rust_mirror("aliyun")
+            captured = capsys.readouterr()
+            assert "已设置 Rust 镜像源: aliyun" in captured.out
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# install_rust
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestInstallRust:
+    """Test install_rust function."""
+
+    def test_install_rust_stable(self) -> None:
+        """Should install stable Rust."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            envrs.install_rust("stable")
+            mock_run.assert_called_once_with(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "stable"], check=True)
+
+    def test_install_rust_nightly(self) -> None:
+        """Should install nightly Rust."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            envrs.install_rust("nightly")
+            mock_run.assert_called_once_with(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "nightly"], check=True)
+
+    def test_install_rust_beta(self) -> None:
+        """Should install beta Rust."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            envrs.install_rust("beta")
+            mock_run.assert_called_once_with(["rustup", "toolchain", "install", "beta"], check=True)
+
+    def test_install_rust_file_not_found(self) -> None:
+        """Should raise FileNotFoundError when rustup not found."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run", side_effect=FileNotFoundError):
+            with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
+                envrs.install_rust("stable")
+
+    def test_install_rust_prints_message(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """Should print installation message."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            envrs.install_rust("stable")
+            captured = capsys.readouterr()
+            assert "已安装 Rust stable" in captured.out
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_mirror_aliyun(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mirror aliyun command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "aliyun"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envrs, "set_rust_mirror"):
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mirror_ustc(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mirror ustc command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "ustc"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envrs, "set_rust_mirror"):
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mirror_tsinghua(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mirror tsinghua command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "tsinghua"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envrs, "set_rust_mirror"):
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mirror_default(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use default mirror when not specified."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envrs, "set_rust_mirror"):
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_install_stable(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle install stable command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "stable"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_install_nightly(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle install nightly command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "nightly"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_install_beta(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle install beta command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "beta"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_install_default(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use default version when not specified."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envrs.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_invalid_version_shows_error(self) -> None:
+        """main() with invalid version should show error."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "install", "invalid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envrs.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_invalid_mirror_shows_error(self) -> None:
+        """main() with invalid mirror should show error."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "invalid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            envrs.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_verbose(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with verbose=True."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "aliyun"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envrs, "set_rust_mirror"):
+            envrs.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert spec.verbose is True
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["envrs", "mirror", "aliyun"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(envrs, "set_rust_mirror"):
+            envrs.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_filedate.py b/tests/cli/test_filedate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d94474e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_filedate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+"""Tests for cli.filedate module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import filedate
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# process_files_date
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestProcessFilesDate:
+    """Test process_files_date function."""
+
+    def test_process_files_date_add(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should add date prefix."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filedate, "rename_file_with_date") as mock_rename:
+            filedate.process_files_date([test_file], clear=False)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_date_clear(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should clear date prefix."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "2024-01-01_test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filedate, "rename_file_with_date") as mock_rename:
+            filedate.process_files_date([test_file], clear=True)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_date_multiple_files(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should process multiple files."""
+        test_files = [
+            tmp_path / "test1.txt",
+            tmp_path / "test2.txt",
+            tmp_path / "test3.txt",
+        ]
+        for f in test_files:
+            f.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filedate, "rename_file_with_date") as mock_rename:
+            filedate.process_files_date(test_files, clear=False)
+            assert mock_rename.call_count == 3
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_add_single_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle add command with single file."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "add", "test.txt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(filedate, "process_files_date"):
+            filedate.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_add_multiple_files(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle add command with multiple files."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "add", "test1.txt", "test2.txt", "test3.txt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(filedate, "process_files_date"):
+            filedate.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_clear_single_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle clear command with single file."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "clear", "test.txt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(filedate, "process_files_date"):
+            filedate.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_clear_multiple_files(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle clear command with multiple files."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "clear", "test1.txt", "test2.txt", "test3.txt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(filedate, "process_files_date"):
+            filedate.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            filedate.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "add", "test.txt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(filedate, "process_files_date"):
+            filedate.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "process_files_date" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filedate", "add", "test.txt"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(filedate, "process_files_date"):
+            filedate.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_filelevel.py b/tests/cli/test_filelevel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7a4809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_filelevel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""Tests for cli.filelevel module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import filelevel
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# process_files_level
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestProcessFilesLevel:
+    """Test process_files_level function."""
+
+    def test_process_files_level_clear(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should clear level markers."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "[PUB]test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filelevel, "rename_file_with_level") as mock_rename:
+            filelevel.process_files_level([test_file], level=0)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_level_pub(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set PUB level."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filelevel, "rename_file_with_level") as mock_rename:
+            filelevel.process_files_level([test_file], level=1)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_level_int(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set INT level."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filelevel, "rename_file_with_level") as mock_rename:
+            filelevel.process_files_level([test_file], level=2)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_level_con(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set CON level."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filelevel, "rename_file_with_level") as mock_rename:
+            filelevel.process_files_level([test_file], level=3)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_level_cla(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should set CLA level."""
+        test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filelevel, "rename_file_with_level") as mock_rename:
+            filelevel.process_files_level([test_file], level=4)
+            assert mock_rename.called
+
+    def test_process_files_level_multiple_files(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should process multiple files."""
+        test_files = [
+            tmp_path / "test1.txt",
+            tmp_path / "test2.txt",
+            tmp_path / "test3.txt",
+        ]
+        for f in test_files:
+            f.write_text("test content")
+
+        with patch.object(filelevel, "rename_file_with_level") as mock_rename:
+            filelevel.process_files_level(test_files, level=1)
+            assert mock_rename.call_count == 3
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_set_single_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with single file."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "1"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_set_multiple_files(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with multiple files."""
+        with patch(
+            "sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test1.txt", "test2.txt", "test3.txt", "--level", "2"]
+        ), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_set_level_0(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with level 0."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "0"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_set_level_1(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with level 1."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "1"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_set_level_2(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with level 2."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "2"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_set_level_3(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with level 3."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "3"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_set_level_4(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle set command with level 4."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "4"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            filelevel.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_invalid_level_shows_error(self) -> None:
+        """main() with invalid level should show error."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "5"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            filelevel.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "1"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "process_files_level" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["filelevel", "set", "test.txt", "--level", "1"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(filelevel, "process_files_level"):
+            filelevel.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_folderback.py b/tests/cli/test_folderback.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae8bf46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_folderback.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Tests for cli.folderback module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import folderback
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# backup_folder
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestBackupFolder:
+    """Test backup_folder function."""
+
+    def test_backup_folder_with_source_and_backup(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should backup folder with source and backup paths."""
+        source_dir = tmp_path / "source"
+        source_dir.mkdir()
+        backup_dir = tmp_path / "backup"
+        backup_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("shutil.copytree") as mock_copy:
+            folderback.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 5)
+            assert mock_copy.called
+
+    def test_backup_folder_with_max_backups(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should backup folder with max backups."""
+        source_dir = tmp_path / "source"
+        source_dir.mkdir()
+        backup_dir = tmp_path / "backup"
+        backup_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("shutil.copytree") as mock_copy:
+            folderback.backup_folder(str(source_dir), str(backup_dir), 10)
+            assert mock_copy.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# TaskSpec definitions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestTaskSpecDefinitions:
+    """Test that all TaskSpec definitions are valid."""
+
+    def test_folderback_default_spec(self) -> None:
+        """folderback_default spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert folderback.folderback_default.name == "folderback_default"
+        assert folderback.folderback_default.fn is not None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            folderback.main()
+        # run_cli() calls sys.exit(), so we should get SystemExit
+        assert exc_info.value.code in (0, 1, 2)
+
+    def test_main_with_list_argument(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle --list argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["folderback", "--list"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            folderback.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 0
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["folderback"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            folderback.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_folderzip.py b/tests/cli/test_folderzip.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52fe3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_folderzip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""Tests for cli.folderzip module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import folderzip
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# zip_folder
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestZipFolder:
+    """Test zip_folder function."""
+
+    def test_zip_folder_with_source_and_output(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should zip folder with source and output paths."""
+        source_dir = tmp_path / "source"
+        source_dir.mkdir()
+        output_file = tmp_path / "output.zip"
+
+        with patch("zipfile.ZipFile") as mock_zip:
+            folderzip.zip_folder(str(source_dir), str(output_file))
+            assert mock_zip.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# unzip_folder
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestUnzipFolder:
+    """Test unzip_folder function."""
+
+    def test_unzip_folder_with_zip_and_output(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should unzip folder with zip and output paths."""
+        zip_file = tmp_path / "test.zip"
+        zip_file.write_bytes(b"ZIP content")
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
+        output_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("zipfile.ZipFile") as mock_zip:
+            folderzip.unzip_folder(str(zip_file), str(output_dir))
+            assert mock_zip.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            folderzip.main()
+        # run_cli() calls sys.exit(), so we should get SystemExit
+        assert exc_info.value.code in (0, 1, 2)
+
+    def test_main_with_list_argument(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle --list argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["folderzip", "--list"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            folderzip.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 0
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["folderzip"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            folderzip.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_gittool.py b/tests/cli/test_gittool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b37b25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_gittool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Tests for cli.gittool module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import gittool
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# TaskSpec definitions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestTaskSpecDefinitions:
+    """Test that all TaskSpec definitions are valid."""
+
+    def test_push_spec(self) -> None:
+        """push spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert gittool.push.name == "push"
+        assert gittool.push.cmd == ["git", "push"]
+
+    def test_pull_spec(self) -> None:
+        """pull spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert gittool.pull.name == "pull"
+        assert gittool.pull.cmd == ["git", "pull"]
+
+    def test_kill_tgit_spec(self) -> None:
+        """kill_tgit spec should be properly defined."""
+        assert gittool.kill_tgit.name == "task_kill"
+        assert "taskkill" in gittool.kill_tgit.cmd
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_calls_run_cli(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create a CliRunner and call run_cli()."""
+        with pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            gittool.main()
+        # run_cli() calls sys.exit(), so we should get SystemExit
+        assert exc_info.value.code in (0, 1, 2)
+
+    def test_main_with_list_argument(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle --list argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["gittool", "--list"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            gittool.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 0
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["gittool"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            gittool.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_lscalc.py b/tests/cli/test_lscalc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a81ad99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_lscalc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Tests for cli.lscalc module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import lscalc
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# run_ls_dyna
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestRunLsDyna:
+    """Test run_ls_dyna function."""
+
+    def test_run_ls_dyna_with_input_file(self) -> None:
+        """Should run LS-DYNA with input file."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            lscalc.run_ls_dyna("test.k", ncpu=4)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_run_ls_dyna_with_custom_ncpu(self) -> None:
+        """Should run LS-DYNA with custom CPU count."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            lscalc.run_ls_dyna("test.k", ncpu=8)
+            assert mock_run.called
+            # Check that ncpu is passed correctly
+
+    def test_run_ls_dyna_windows_command(self) -> None:
+        """Should use Windows command format on Windows."""
+        if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+            with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+                mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+                lscalc.run_ls_dyna("test.k", ncpu=4)
+                assert mock_run.called
+                # Check command format
+
+    def test_run_ls_dyna_linux_command(self) -> None:
+        """Should use Linux command format on Linux."""
+        with patch.object(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", False), \
+             patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            lscalc.run_ls_dyna("test.k", ncpu=4)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# run_ls_dyna_mpi
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestRunLsDynaMpi:
+    """Test run_ls_dyna_mpi function."""
+
+    def test_run_ls_dyna_mpi_with_input_file(self) -> None:
+        """Should run LS-DYNA MPI with input file."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            lscalc.run_ls_dyna_mpi("test.k", ncpu=4)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_run_ls_dyna_mpi_with_custom_ncpu(self) -> None:
+        """Should run LS-DYNA MPI with custom CPU count."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            lscalc.run_ls_dyna_mpi("test.k", ncpu=8)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# check_ls_dyna_status
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestCheckLsDynaStatus:
+    """Test check_ls_dyna_status function."""
+
+    def test_check_ls_dyna_status_running(self) -> None:
+        """Should detect running LS-DYNA process."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(stdout="lsdyna.exe\n", returncode=0)
+            result = lscalc.check_ls_dyna_status()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_check_ls_dyna_status_not_running(self) -> None:
+        """Should detect no LS-DYNA process."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(stdout="", returncode=0)
+            result = lscalc.check_ls_dyna_status()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_run_with_input_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle run command with input file."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "run", "test.k"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "run_ls_dyna"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_run_with_custom_ncpu(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle run command with custom CPU count."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "run", "test.k", "--ncpu", "8"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "run_ls_dyna"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mpi_with_input_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mpi command with input file."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "mpi", "test.k"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "run_ls_dyna_mpi"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_mpi_with_custom_ncpu(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle mpi command with custom CPU count."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "mpi", "test.k", "--ncpu", "8"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "run_ls_dyna_mpi"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_status(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle status command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "status"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "check_ls_dyna_status"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            lscalc.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "run", "test.k"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "run_ls_dyna"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "run_ls_dyna" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["lscalc", "run", "test.k"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(lscalc, "run_ls_dyna"):
+            lscalc.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_packtool.py b/tests/cli/test_packtool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1dd56b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_packtool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+"""Tests for cli.packtool module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import packtool
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pack_source
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPackSource:
+    """Test pack_source function."""
+
+    def test_pack_source_with_project_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should pack source from project directory."""
+        project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+        project_dir.mkdir()
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
+        output_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("shutil.make_archive") as mock_archive:
+            packtool.pack_source(project_dir, output_dir)
+            assert mock_archive.called
+
+    def test_pack_source_creates_output_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create output directory if it doesn't exist."""
+        project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+        project_dir.mkdir()
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
+
+        with patch("shutil.make_archive") as mock_archive:
+            packtool.pack_source(project_dir, output_dir)
+            assert output_dir.exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pack_dependencies
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPackDependencies:
+    """Test pack_dependencies function."""
+
+    def test_pack_dependencies_with_lib_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should pack dependencies from lib directory."""
+        lib_dir = tmp_path / "lib"
+        lib_dir.mkdir()
+        dependencies = ["numpy", "pandas"]
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            packtool.pack_dependencies(lib_dir, dependencies)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_pack_dependencies_empty_list(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should handle empty dependency list."""
+        lib_dir = tmp_path / "lib"
+        lib_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            packtool.pack_dependencies(lib_dir, [])
+            # Should still work with empty list
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pack_wheel
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPackWheel:
+    """Test pack_wheel function."""
+
+    def test_pack_wheel_with_project_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should pack wheel from project directory."""
+        project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+        project_dir.mkdir()
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
+        output_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            packtool.pack_wheel(project_dir, output_dir)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_pack_wheel_creates_output_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create output directory if it doesn't exist."""
+        project_dir = tmp_path / "project"
+        project_dir.mkdir()
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "output"
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            packtool.pack_wheel(project_dir, output_dir)
+            assert output_dir.exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# install_embed_python
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestInstallEmbedPython:
+    """Test install_embed_python function."""
+
+    def test_install_embed_python_with_version(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should install embedded Python with version."""
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "python"
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(Path, "exists", return_value=False):
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            packtool.install_embed_python("3.10", output_dir)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_install_embed_python_creates_output_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create output directory if it doesn't exist."""
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "python"
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(Path, "exists", return_value=False):
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            packtool.install_embed_python("3.10", output_dir)
+            assert output_dir.exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# create_zip_package
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestCreateZipPackage:
+    """Test create_zip_package function."""
+
+    def test_create_zip_package_with_source_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create zip package from source directory."""
+        source_dir = tmp_path / "source"
+        source_dir.mkdir()
+        output_file = tmp_path / "package.zip"
+
+        with patch("zipfile.ZipFile") as mock_zip:
+            packtool.create_zip_package(source_dir, output_file)
+            assert mock_zip.called
+
+    def test_create_zip_package_with_files(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create zip package with files."""
+        source_dir = tmp_path / "source"
+        source_dir.mkdir()
+        test_file = source_dir / "test.txt"
+        test_file.write_text("test content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "package.zip"
+
+        with patch("zipfile.ZipFile") as mock_zip:
+            packtool.create_zip_package(source_dir, output_file)
+            assert mock_zip.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# clean_build_dir
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestCleanBuildDir:
+    """Test clean_build_dir function."""
+
+    def test_clean_build_dir_removes_directory(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should remove build directory."""
+        build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+        build_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("shutil.rmtree") as mock_rmtree:
+            packtool.clean_build_dir(build_dir)
+            assert mock_rmtree.called
+
+    def test_clean_build_dir_nonexistent(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should handle nonexistent build directory."""
+        build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+
+        with patch.object(Path, "exists", return_value=False):
+            packtool.clean_build_dir(build_dir)
+            # Should not raise error
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_src_default_dirs(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle src command with default dirs."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_source"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_src_custom_dirs(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle src command with custom dirs."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "src", "--project-dir", "project", "--output-dir", "output"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_source"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_deps_default_dir(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle deps command with default dir."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "deps"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_dependencies"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_deps_with_dependencies(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle deps command with dependencies."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "deps", "--lib-dir", "lib", "numpy", "pandas"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_dependencies"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_wheel_default_dirs(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle wheel command with default dirs."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "wheel"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_wheel"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_wheel_custom_dirs(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle wheel command with custom dirs."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "wheel", "--project-dir", "project", "--output-dir", "output"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_wheel"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_embed_default_version(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle embed command with default version."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "embed"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "install_embed_python"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_embed_custom_version(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle embed command with custom version."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "embed", "--version", "3.11", "--output-dir", "python"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "install_embed_python"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_zip_default_params(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle zip command with default params."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "zip"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "create_zip_package"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_zip_custom_params(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle zip command with custom params."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "zip", "--source-dir", "source", "--output-file", "package.zip"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "create_zip_package"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_clean(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle clean command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "clean"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "clean_build_dir"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            packtool.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_source"):
+            packtool.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "pack_source" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["packtool", "src"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, \
+             patch.object(packtool, "pack_source"):
+            packtool.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_pdftool.py b/tests/cli/test_pdftool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7b77fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_pdftool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+"""Tests for cli.pdftool module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import pdftool
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_merge
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfMerge:
+    """Test pdf_merge function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_merge_single_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should merge single PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "merged.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfMerger") as mock_merger:
+            pdftool.pdf_merge([input_file], output_file)
+            assert mock_merger.called
+
+    def test_pdf_merge_multiple_files(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should merge multiple PDF files."""
+        input_files = [
+            tmp_path / "input1.pdf",
+            tmp_path / "input2.pdf",
+            tmp_path / "input3.pdf",
+        ]
+        for f in input_files:
+            f.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "merged.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfMerger") as mock_merger:
+            pdftool.pdf_merge(input_files, output_file)
+            assert mock_merger.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_split
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfSplit:
+    """Test pdf_split function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_split_single_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should split single PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "split"
+        output_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader:
+            mock_reader.return_value.pages = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
+            pdftool.pdf_split(input_file, output_dir)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+
+    def test_pdf_split_creates_output_dir(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create output directory if it doesn't exist."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "split"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader:
+            mock_reader.return_value.pages = [MagicMock()]
+            pdftool.pdf_split(input_file, output_dir)
+            assert output_dir.exists()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_compress
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfCompress:
+    """Test pdf_compress function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_compress_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should compress PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "compressed.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_compress(input_file, output_file)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_encrypt
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfEncrypt:
+    """Test pdf_encrypt function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_encrypt_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should encrypt PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "encrypted.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_encrypt(input_file, output_file, "password")
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_decrypt
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfDecrypt:
+    """Test pdf_decrypt function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_decrypt_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should decrypt PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "decrypted.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_decrypt(input_file, output_file, "password")
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_extract_text
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfExtractText:
+    """Test pdf_extract_text function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_extract_text_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should extract text from PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "output.txt"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader:
+            mock_reader.return_value.pages = [MagicMock()]
+            pdftool.pdf_extract_text(input_file, output_file)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_extract_images
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfExtractImages:
+    """Test pdf_extract_images function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_extract_images_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should extract images from PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "images"
+        output_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader:
+            mock_reader.return_value.pages = [MagicMock()]
+            pdftool.pdf_extract_images(input_file, output_dir)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_add_watermark
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfAddWatermark:
+    """Test pdf_add_watermark function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_add_watermark_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should add watermark to PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "watermarked.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_add_watermark(input_file, output_file, text="CONFIDENTIAL")
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_rotate
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfRotate:
+    """Test pdf_rotate function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_rotate_file_90(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should rotate PDF file by 90 degrees."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "rotated.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_rotate(input_file, output_file, rotation=90)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+    def test_pdf_rotate_file_180(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should rotate PDF file by 180 degrees."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "rotated.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_rotate(input_file, output_file, rotation=180)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_crop
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfCrop:
+    """Test pdf_crop function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_crop_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should crop PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "cropped.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_crop(input_file, output_file, margins=(10, 10, 10, 10))
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_info
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfInfo:
+    """Test pdf_info function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_info_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should show info of PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader:
+            pdftool.pdf_info(input_file)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_ocr
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfOcr:
+    """Test pdf_ocr function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_ocr_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should OCR PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "ocr.pdf"
+
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            pdftool.pdf_ocr(input_file, output_file, lang="chi_sim+eng")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_to_images
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfToImages:
+    """Test pdf_to_images function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_to_images_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should convert PDF to images."""
+        pytest.importorskip("pdf2image")
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_dir = tmp_path / "images"
+        output_dir.mkdir()
+
+        with patch("pdf2image.convert_from_path") as mock_convert:
+            mock_convert.return_value = [MagicMock()]
+            pdftool.pdf_to_images(input_file, output_dir, dpi=300)
+            assert mock_convert.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pdf_repair
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPdfRepair:
+    """Test pdf_repair function."""
+
+    def test_pdf_repair_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should repair PDF file."""
+        input_file = tmp_path / "input.pdf"
+        input_file.write_bytes(b"PDF content")
+        output_file = tmp_path / "repaired.pdf"
+
+        with patch("pypdf.PdfReader") as mock_reader, patch("pypdf.PdfWriter") as mock_writer:
+            pdftool.pdf_repair(input_file, output_file)
+            assert mock_reader.called
+            assert mock_writer.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_merge_single_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle merge command with single file."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "m", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_merge"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_merge_multiple_files(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle merge command with multiple files."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "m", "input1.pdf", "input2.pdf", "input3.pdf"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(pdftool, "pdf_merge"):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_merge_custom_output(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle merge command with custom output."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "m", "input.pdf", "--output", "custom.pdf"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(pdftool, "pdf_merge"):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_split_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle split command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "s", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_split"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_split_custom_output_dir(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle split command with custom output dir."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "s", "input.pdf", "--output-dir", "split"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(pdftool, "pdf_split"):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_compress_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle compress command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "c", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_compress"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_encrypt_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle encrypt command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "e", "input.pdf", "--password", "pass"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(pdftool, "pdf_encrypt"):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_decrypt_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle decrypt command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "d", "input.pdf", "--password", "pass"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(pdftool, "pdf_decrypt"):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_extract_text_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle extract text command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "xt", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_extract_text"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_extract_images_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle extract images command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "xi", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_extract_images"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_watermark_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle watermark command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "w", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_add_watermark"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_rotate_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle rotate command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "r", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_rotate"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_crop_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle crop command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "crop", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_crop"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_info_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle info command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "i", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_info"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_ocr_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle ocr command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "ocr", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_ocr"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_to_images_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle to images command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "img", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_to_images"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_repair_file(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle repair command."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "repair", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_repair"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            pdftool.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "m", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_merge"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "pdf_merge" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["pdftool", "m", "input.pdf"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            pdftool, "pdf_merge"
+        ):
+            pdftool.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_piptool.py b/tests/cli/test_piptool.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94fdb70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_piptool.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+"""Tests for cli.piptool module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import piptool
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pip_uninstall
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPipUninstall:
+    """Test pip_uninstall function."""
+
+    def test_pip_uninstall_single_package(self) -> None:
+        """Should uninstall single package."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_uninstall(["numpy"])
+            # Should call pip uninstall
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_pip_uninstall_multiple_packages(self) -> None:
+        """Should uninstall multiple packages."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_uninstall(["numpy", "pandas", "scipy"])
+            # Should call pip uninstall
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_pip_uninstall_with_wildcard(self) -> None:
+        """Should handle wildcard in package name."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_uninstall(["numpy*"])
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pip_reinstall
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPipReinstall:
+    """Test pip_reinstall function."""
+
+    def test_pip_reinstall_online(self) -> None:
+        """Should reinstall packages online."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_reinstall(["numpy"], offline=False)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_pip_reinstall_offline(self) -> None:
+        """Should reinstall packages offline."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_reinstall(["numpy"], offline=True)
+            # Should call pip install with offline flags
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pip_download
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPipDownload:
+    """Test pip_download function."""
+
+    def test_pip_download_online(self) -> None:
+        """Should download packages online."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_download(["numpy"], offline=False)
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_pip_download_offline(self) -> None:
+        """Should download packages offline."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_download(["numpy"], offline=True)
+            # Should call pip download with offline flags
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# pip_freeze
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestPipFreeze:
+    """Test pip_freeze function."""
+
+    def test_pip_freeze_creates_file(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should create requirements.txt file."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run, patch.object(Path, "cwd", return_value=tmp_path):
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(stdout="numpy==1.0.0\npandas==2.0.0\n", returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_freeze()
+            # Should create requirements.txt
+            req_file = tmp_path / "requirements.txt"
+            # Note: The actual implementation might write to current directory
+
+    def test_pip_freeze_calls_subprocess(self) -> None:
+        """Should call pip freeze."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(stdout="", returncode=0)
+            piptool.pip_freeze()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            call_args = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            assert "pip" in call_args
+            assert "freeze" in call_args
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_install_single_package(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle install single package."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "i", "numpy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert "pip" in spec.cmd
+                assert "install" in spec.cmd
+                assert "numpy" in spec.cmd
+
+    def test_main_install_multiple_packages(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle install multiple packages."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "i", "numpy", "pandas", "scipy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_uninstall_packages(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle uninstall packages."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "u", "numpy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            piptool, "pip_uninstall"
+        ):
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_reinstall_packages(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle reinstall packages."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "r", "numpy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            piptool, "pip_reinstall"
+        ):
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_reinstall_offline(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle reinstall offline."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "r", "numpy", "--offline"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(piptool, "pip_reinstall"):
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_download_packages(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle download packages."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "d", "numpy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            piptool, "pip_download"
+        ):
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_download_offline(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle download offline."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "d", "numpy", "--offline"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(piptool, "pip_download"):
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_upgrade_pip(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle upgrade pip."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "up"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert "python" in spec.cmd
+                assert "-m" in spec.cmd
+                assert "pip" in spec.cmd
+                assert "install" in spec.cmd
+                assert "--upgrade" in spec.cmd
+
+    def test_main_freeze(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle freeze."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "f"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            piptool, "pip_freeze"
+        ):
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            piptool.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_specs_with_verbose(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpecs with verbose=True."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "i", "numpy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            piptool.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert spec.verbose is True
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["piptool", "i", "numpy"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            piptool.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_screenshot.py b/tests/cli/test_screenshot.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c54621b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_screenshot.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Tests for cli.screenshot module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import screenshot
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# take_screenshot_full
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestTakeScreenshotFull:
+    """Test take_screenshot_full function."""
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_full_windows(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should take full screenshot on Windows."""
+        if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+            with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+                mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+                screenshot.take_screenshot_full(filename="test.png")
+                assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_full_linux(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should take full screenshot on Linux."""
+        with patch.object(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", False), patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            screenshot.take_screenshot_full(filename="test.png")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_full_with_custom_filename(self) -> None:
+        """Should take screenshot with custom filename."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            screenshot.take_screenshot_full(filename="custom.png")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_full_default_filename(self) -> None:
+        """Should use default filename."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            screenshot.take_screenshot_full()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# take_screenshot_area
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestTakeScreenshotArea:
+    """Test take_screenshot_area function."""
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_area_windows(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should take area screenshot on Windows."""
+        if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+            with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+                mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+                screenshot.take_screenshot_area(filename="test.png")
+                assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_area_linux(self, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+        """Should take area screenshot on Linux."""
+        with patch.object(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", False), patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            screenshot.take_screenshot_area(filename="test.png")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_area_with_custom_filename(self) -> None:
+        """Should take screenshot with custom filename."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            screenshot.take_screenshot_area(filename="custom.png")
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_take_screenshot_area_default_filename(self) -> None:
+        """Should use default filename."""
+        with patch("subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+            mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(returncode=0)
+            screenshot.take_screenshot_area()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_full_default_filename(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle full command with default filename."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot", "full"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            screenshot, "take_screenshot_full"
+        ):
+            screenshot.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_full_custom_filename(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle full command with custom filename."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot", "full", "--filename", "custom.png"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(screenshot, "take_screenshot_full"):
+            screenshot.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_area_default_filename(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle area command with default filename."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot", "area"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            screenshot, "take_screenshot_area"
+        ):
+            screenshot.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_area_custom_filename(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle area command with custom filename."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot", "area", "--filename", "custom.png"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(screenshot, "take_screenshot_area"):
+            screenshot.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            screenshot.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot", "full"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            screenshot, "take_screenshot_full"
+        ):
+            screenshot.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "screenshot_full" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["screenshot", "full"]), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(
+            screenshot, "take_screenshot_full"
+        ):
+            screenshot.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_sshcopyid.py b/tests/cli/test_sshcopyid.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5382fb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_sshcopyid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+"""Tests for cli.sshcopyid module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import sshcopyid
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# ssh_copy_id
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestSshCopyId:
+    """Test ssh_copy_id function."""
+
+    def test_ssh_copy_id_success(self) -> None:
+        """ssh_copy_id should deploy SSH key successfully."""
+        pytest.importorskip("paramiko")
+        with patch("paramiko.SSHClient") as mock_ssh_client, patch.object(
+            Path, "exists", return_value=True
+        ), patch.object(Path, "read_text", return_value="ssh-rsa AAAAB3..."):
+            mock_client = MagicMock()
+            mock_ssh_client.return_value = mock_client
+            mock_client.connect.return_value = None
+            mock_client.exec_command.return_value = (MagicMock(), MagicMock(), MagicMock())
+
+            result = sshcopyid.ssh_copy_id("localhost", "user", "password")
+            assert result is None  # Function doesn't return anything
+
+    def test_ssh_copy_id_with_custom_port(self) -> None:
+        """ssh_copy_id should handle custom port."""
+        pytest.importorskip("paramiko")
+        with patch("paramiko.SSHClient") as mock_ssh_client, patch.object(
+            Path, "exists", return_value=True
+        ), patch.object(Path, "read_text", return_value="ssh-rsa AAAAB3..."):
+            mock_client = MagicMock()
+            mock_ssh_client.return_value = mock_client
+            mock_client.connect.return_value = None
+            mock_client.exec_command.return_value = (MagicMock(), MagicMock(), MagicMock())
+
+            result = sshcopyid.ssh_copy_id("localhost", "user", "password", port=2222)
+            # Verify that connect was called with custom port
+            mock_client.connect.assert_called_once()
+            call_args = mock_client.connect.call_args
+            assert call_args[1]["port"] == 2222
+
+    def test_ssh_copy_id_with_custom_keypath(self) -> None:
+        """ssh_copy_id should handle custom key path."""
+        pytest.importorskip("paramiko")
+        with patch("paramiko.SSHClient") as mock_ssh_client, patch.object(
+            Path, "exists", return_value=True
+        ), patch.object(Path, "read_text", return_value="ssh-rsa AAAAB3..."):
+            mock_client = MagicMock()
+            mock_ssh_client.return_value = mock_client
+            mock_client.connect.return_value = None
+            mock_client.exec_command.return_value = (MagicMock(), MagicMock(), MagicMock())
+
+            result = sshcopyid.ssh_copy_id("localhost", "user", "password", keypath="/custom/key.pub")
+            # Verify that the custom keypath was used
+            assert result is None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_with_required_args(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle required arguments."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["sshcopyid", "localhost", "user", "password"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(sshcopyid, "ssh_copy_id"):
+            sshcopyid.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            assert isinstance(graph, px.Graph)
+
+    def test_main_with_custom_port(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle custom port argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["sshcopyid", "localhost", "user", "password", "--port", "2222"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(sshcopyid, "ssh_copy_id"):
+            sshcopyid.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_custom_keypath(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle custom keypath argument."""
+        with patch(
+            "sys.argv", ["sshcopyid", "localhost", "user", "password", "--keypath", "/custom/key.pub"]
+        ), patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run, patch.object(sshcopyid, "ssh_copy_id"):
+            sshcopyid.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_custom_timeout(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle custom timeout argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["sshcopyid", "localhost", "user", "password", "--timeout", "60"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(sshcopyid, "ssh_copy_id"):
+            sshcopyid.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["sshcopyid"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            sshcopyid.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_spec_with_correct_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpec with correct name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["sshcopyid", "localhost", "user", "password"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(sshcopyid, "ssh_copy_id"):
+            sshcopyid.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "ssh_deploy" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["sshcopyid", "localhost", "user", "password"]), patch.object(
+            px, "run"
+        ) as mock_run, patch.object(sshcopyid, "ssh_copy_id"):
+            sshcopyid.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_taskkill.py b/tests/cli/test_taskkill.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16b2875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_taskkill.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+"""Tests for cli.taskkill module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import taskkill
+from pyflowx.conditions import Constants
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_with_single_process(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle single process argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            assert isinstance(graph, px.Graph)
+
+    def test_main_with_multiple_processes(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle multiple process arguments."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe", "python.exe", "node.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            assert isinstance(graph, px.Graph)
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            taskkill.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_specs_with_correct_names(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpecs with correct names."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe", "python.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "kill_chrome.exe" in task_names
+            assert "kill_python.exe" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
+
+    def test_main_windows_command_format(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use Windows command format on Windows."""
+        if Constants.IS_WINDOWS:
+            with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe"]), \
+                 patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+                taskkill.main()
+                graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+                specs = graph.all_specs()
+                # Check that command includes Windows taskkill format
+                for spec in specs.values():
+                    assert spec.cmd[0] == "taskkill"
+                    assert spec.cmd[1] == "/f"
+                    assert spec.cmd[2] == "/im"
+
+    def test_main_linux_command_format(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use Linux command format on Linux."""
+        with patch.object(Constants, "IS_WINDOWS", False), \
+             patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            # Check that command includes Linux pkill format
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert spec.cmd[0] == "pkill"
+                assert spec.cmd[1] == "-f"
+
+    def test_main_tasks_have_verbose_true(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create tasks with verbose=True."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert spec.verbose is True
+
+    def test_main_adds_wildcard_to_process_name(self) -> None:
+        """main() should add wildcard to process name."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["taskkill", "chrome.exe"]), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            taskkill.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            specs = graph.all_specs()
+            # Check that wildcard is added
+            for spec in specs.values():
+                assert spec.cmd[-1].endswith("*")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cli/test_which.py b/tests/cli/test_which.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44cd7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cli/test_which.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Tests for cli.which module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+import pyflowx as px
+from pyflowx.cli import which
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# which_command
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestWhichCommand:
+    """Test which_command function."""
+
+    def test_returns_path_when_command_found(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """Should return Path when command is found."""
+        with patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/python"):
+            result = which.which_command("python")
+            assert result == Path("/usr/bin/python")
+            captured = capsys.readouterr()
+            assert "匹配路径" in captured.out
+            assert "/usr/bin/python" in captured.out
+
+    def test_returns_none_when_command_not_found(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """Should return None when command is not found."""
+        with patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value=None):
+            result = which.which_command("nonexistent_cmd")
+            assert result is None
+            captured = capsys.readouterr()
+            assert "未找到" in captured.out
+            assert "nonexistent_cmd" in captured.out
+
+    def test_prints_match_path_on_success(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """Should print '匹配路径: - <path>' on success."""
+        with patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value="C:\\Python\\python.exe"):
+            _ = which.which_command("python")
+            captured = capsys.readouterr()
+            assert "匹配路径: - C:\\Python\\python.exe" in captured.out
+
+    def test_prints_not_found_on_failure(self, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]) -> None:
+        """Should print '<command>: 未找到' on failure."""
+        with patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value=None):
+            _ = which.which_command("missing")
+            captured = capsys.readouterr()
+            assert "missing: 未找到" in captured.out
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# main function
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+class TestMain:
+    """Test main function."""
+
+    def test_main_with_single_command(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle single command argument."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["which", "python"]), \
+             patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/python"), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            which.main()
+            # Should create a graph with one task
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            assert isinstance(graph, px.Graph)
+
+    def test_main_with_multiple_commands(self) -> None:
+        """main() should handle multiple command arguments."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["which", "python", "pip", "node"]), \
+             patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/cmd"), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            which.main()
+            # Should create a graph with three tasks
+            assert mock_run.called
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            assert isinstance(graph, px.Graph)
+
+    def test_main_with_no_args_shows_help(self) -> None:
+        """main() with no args should show help and exit."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["which"]), pytest.raises(SystemExit) as exc_info:
+            which.main()
+        assert exc_info.value.code == 2
+
+    def test_main_creates_task_specs_with_correct_names(self) -> None:
+        """main() should create TaskSpecs with correct names."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["which", "git", "npm"]), \
+             patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/cmd"), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            which.main()
+            graph = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+            # Check that task names are correct
+            task_names = list(graph.all_specs().keys())
+            assert "which_git" in task_names
+            assert "which_npm" in task_names
+
+    def test_main_uses_thread_strategy(self) -> None:
+        """main() should use thread strategy."""
+        with patch("sys.argv", ["which", "python"]), \
+             patch.object(shutil, "which", return_value="/usr/bin/python"), \
+             patch.object(px, "run") as mock_run:
+            which.main()
+            assert mock_run.call_args[1]["strategy"] == "thread"
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